ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To study the correlation between color and inner quality during the processing of Prunus mume carbon， and provide reference for the determination of processing end point of P. mume carbon. METHODS The chromaticity value of P. mume carbon powder was measured by colorimeter， and the inner quality of P. mume carbon was measured by selecting the contents of water， water-soluble extract， citric acid and tannin. The dynamic change trend of the chromaticity value， water， water- soluble extract， the contents of citric acid and tannin in P. mume carbon under different processing time was analyzed. The correlation between color and the above indexe contents was analyzed， and the regression equation of inner quality-chromaticity value was established. Combined with principal component analysis （PCA）， hierarchical cluster analysis （CA） and partial least squares discriminant analysis （PLS-DA）， the difference of P. mume carbon at different processing times was analyzed to determine the processing end point. RESULTS With the extension of processing time， the sample color gradually deepened； the chromaticity values L* and E* of the samples increased at first and then decreased， the chromaticity values a* and b* decreased， and finally all tended to be stable. The content of water-soluble extract， citric acid and tannin in the sample increased at first and then decreased， the water content of the sample decreased with time and finally stabilized. Correlation analysis showed that water， water-soluble extract， citric acid and tannin were positively correlated with L*， a*， b* and E*（P＜0.001）. PCA and HCA showed that P. mume carbon under different processing time could be clustered into two categories： the processed samples of 0-30 min and those of 40-60 min. PLS-DA showed that water and water-soluble extract were important quality indexes and b* was an important chrominance index in the processing of P. mume carbon. The chromaticity value of the samples processed for 50 min and 60 min were not significantly different. The contents of water， water- soluble extract， citric acid and tannin in the samples processed for 60 min were less than those processed for 50 min. CONCLUSIONS There is a certain correlation between the color and the inner quality of P. mume carbon. The processing time of P. mume carbon should be 40-50 min.
ABSTRACT
Background:Early administration of enteral nutrition can improve intestinal mucosal barrier in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP),reduce infection and complications;but when should the enteral nutrition be started is still controversial. Aims:To study the effect of different initiation time of enteral nutrition on elderly obese patients with SAP. Methods:The clinical efficacy,hospitalization time,hospitalization cost and the risk of complication were analyzed retrospectively in the two groups of patients with either ultra-early enteral nutrition (group A)or early enteral nutrition (group B),as well as the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines before and after treatment. Results:No significant difference in total effective rate was found between group A and group B (90. 9% vs. 79. 2%,χ2 = 1. 227,P > 0. 05). Compared with group B,the recovery time of blood and urine amylase,and hospitalization time in group A were significantly shortened and the cost of hospitalization was significantly decreased (P < 0. 05). The time of abdominal pain, bloating,vomiting and fever in group A was significantly shorter than that in group B (P < 0. 05). After 14 days of treatment,levels of IL-6,TNF-α and CRP in group A were significantly lower than those in group B (P < 0. 05). The incidence of infection was significantly lower in group A than in group B (P < 0. 05). Conclusions:Compared with early enteral nutrition group,ultra-early enteral nutrition for elderly obese patients with SAP has better efficacy,and has a shorter hospital stay and lower hospitalization cost.