ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the expression level and clinical significance of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) in type 2 diabetic nephropathy.Methods Sixty-eight patients (DN) of type 2 diabetic nephropathy treated in our hospital from January 2012 to 2013 January were chosen,in the same period,66 cases with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and 30 cases normal volunteers without family history of diabetes in (NC) were studied as control in this study.Their blood routine and renal functions were detected.GDF-15 level was examined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curve was used to analyze the diagnostic significance of GDF-15 level.Results The level of GDF-15 in blood of patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy was significantly higher than that in patients with type 2 diabetes and normal control group.GDF-15 levels was negatively correlated with low density lipoprotein (LDL),fasting insulin (INS) and glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (P ＜ 0.05),and positively correlated with cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),high density lipoprotein (HDL),fasting blood glucose (FBG),glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c),high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP),creatinine (SCR),urea nitrogen (BUN),24 h urinary albumin (mAlb),and urinary albumin excretion rate (URER) (P ＜0.05).GDF-15 level had no correlation with body mass index (BMI),systolic blood pressure (SBP),and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (P ＞ 0.05).GDF-15 levels could be used to diagnose type 2 diabetic nephropathy with 82.2％ sensitivity and 70.2％ specificity.Conclusions GDF-15 level has important significance in the diagnosis and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetic nephropathy.
ABSTRACT
Objective To compare the difference and rationalities between Harmm and Zhou' s formulae for expected acid-base compensation in acid-base imbalance. Methods 745 cases of arterial blood gas analysis results of acid-base disorder were evaluated respectively by Hamm and Zhou' s formulae, and the concordance was judged. Results For metabolic acidosis ( 108 cases), the concordance rate was 70. 4% between Hamm and Zhou's( Kappa value =0. 41 ,P ＜0. 01 ) ;for metabolic alkalosis ( 132 cases) ,the concordance rate was 59. 1% ( Kappa value =0. 18 ,P ＜0. 05) ;for acute respiratory acidosis(81 cases) ,the concordance rate was 65.43% ( Kappa value = 0. 31, P ＜ 0. 01 ) ;for acute respiratory alkalosis ( 168 cases), the concordance rate was 54. 8% ( Kappa value = 0. 24%, P ＜ 0. 01 ); for chronic respiratory acidosis ( 119 cases ), the concordance rate was 67.2% ( Kappa value = 0. 41, P ＜ 0. 01 ) ;for chronic respiratory alkalosis( 137 cases), the concordance rate was 66. 6% ( Kappa value = 0. 43, P ＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusion The difference between Hamm and Zhou' s formulae for expected acid-base compensation in acid-base imbalance was obvious. The Zhou' s expected max compensation coefficient were slightly higher than the primary adopted compensation coefficient.