Body characteristics of adults from 17 minorities of the Tibeto-Burman language group in China / 解剖学报

Objective To understand the body characteristics of adults from the Tibeto-Burman language group. Methods Totally 14 837 adults (6578 males and 8259 females) from 17 minorities were selected for investigation during 2015 to 2019 and these surveys were carried out in regions including Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan and Tibet Autonomous Region. Eight physical parameters (stature, sitting height, etc.) along with 4 corresponding indexes (stature-sitting index and the like) were carefully analyzed. The body characteristics of the Tibeto-Burman language group were then compared to those of certain minorities as well as Han in both northern and southern part of China based on our collected data. Results Among 17 minorities of the Tibeto-Burman language group, people from Pumi and Tibet were relatively tall and have longer trunk and limbs. The presence of wider trunk and thicker limbs appeared to be common in Tibetan individuals. Subjects from Lahu, Jino and Derung were in possession of shorter stature and limbs while the trunk of Naxi, Lisu and Achang people seemed wider. Compared with other ethnic groups in China, individuals from the Tibeto-Burman language group tended to own shorter stature accompanied by medium trunk width, probably sharing similar physical characteristics with those minorities in southern China, especially She and Li. Conclusion Among ethnic groups dotting in southern China, individuals from the Tibeto-Burman language group generally have medium stature, medium trunk height, and wide trunk whereas those from 3 Mon-Khmer groups, Va, Khmus and Blang, are shorter and smaller in width and height of the trunk.

Nutritional physical indexes, obesity status and their warning effect on hypertension among Blang, Deang and Va ethnic groups in Yunnan / 解剖学报

Objective To analyze the nutritional level, obesity status and the prevalence of frypertension in Blang, Deang and Va ethnic groups in Yunnan, to explore the relationship among nutritional physical index, obesity indicators and blood pressure, and use the cutoff value of related indicators to warn frypertension. Methods This paper was based on a statistical analysis of the 7 nutritional pfrysical indexes, 5 types of obesity status and frypertension status of 766 Blang, 570 Deang and 565 Va. Results We found that the nutritional pfrysique index of man)' items (4 items for men and 4 items for women) of Blang was significantly higher than that of Deang and Va (P Blang > Deang and the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). Conclusion Pelidisi' s index, WHR, and PBF all have good early warning effects on frypertension in all three ethnic groups.

Relationship of Microvascular Obstruction with Global and Regional Myocardial Function Determined by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance after ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objective To investigate the impact of microvascular obstruction (MVO) on the global and regional myocardial function by cardiac magnetic resonance feature-tracking (CMR-FT) in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients after percutaneous coronary intervention.Methods Consecutive acute STEMI patients who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging 1 - 7 days after successful reperfusion by percutaneous coronary intervention treatment were included in this retrospective study. Based on the presence or absence of MVO on late gadolinium enhancement images, patients were divided into groups with MVO and without MVO. The infarct zone, adjacent zone, and remote zone were determined based on a myocardial 16-segment model. The radial strain (RS), circumferential strain (CS), and longitudinal strain (LS) of the global left ventricle (LV) and the infarct, adjacent, and remote zones were measured by CMR-FT from cine images and compared between patients with and without MVO using independent-samples t-test. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association of MVO with the impaired LV function.Results A total of 157 STEMI patients (mean age 56.66 ± 11.38 years) were enrolled. MVO was detected in 37.58% (59/157) of STEMI patients, and the mean size of MVO was 3.00 ±3.76 mL. Compared with patients without MVO (n =98 ), the MVO group had significantly reduced LV global RS (t= -4.30, P < 0.001), global CS (t= 4.99, P < 0.001), and global LS ( t= 3.51, P = 0.001). The RS and CS of the infarct zone in patients with MVO were significantly reduced (t= -3.38, P = 0.001; t= 2.64, P = 0.01; respectively) and the infarct size was significantly larger (t= 8.37, P < 0.001) than that of patients without MVO. The presence of LV MVO [OR= 4.10, 95%CI: 2.05 - 8.19, P<0.001) and its size [OR=1.38, 95%CI: 1.10-1.72, P=0.01], along with the heart rate and LV infarct size were significantly associated with impaired LV global CS in univariable Logistic regression analysis, while only heart rate (OR=1.08, 95%CI: 1.03 - 1.13, P=0.001) and LV infarct size (OR=1.10, 95%CI: 1.03 - 1.16, P=0.003) were independent influencing factors for the impaired LV global CS in multivariable Logistic regression analysis.Conclusion The infarct size was larger in STEMI patients with MVO, and MVO deteriorates the global and regional LV myocardial function.

Circumference characteristics of Tibetan-Burman adults / 解剖学报

Objective To investigate the characteristics of bod)' circumference of Tibetan-Burman adults. Methods Using a human bod)' altimeter and a measuring tape, the height and 9 circumference indicators of 14 722 adults from 17 Tibetan-Bunnan ethnic groups in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hubei, Hu ' nan and Tibet Autonomous Region were measured from 2015 to 2019, 5 circumference indexes were calculated, and the data were statistically analyzed. Results The higher the longitude, the larger the head circumference, thigh circumference, biceps circumference and foreann circumference of Tibetan-Bunnan adults and the female maximum biceps circumference, and the smaller the trunk circumferences and male calf circumference; The higher the latitude, the larger the circumferences (except for female thigh circumference); The higher the altitude, the larger the circumferences; The higher the temperature, the smaller the circumferences. Conclusion Among the 17 ethnic groups of Tibeto-Burman, the Tibetan has a larger circumference, while the Gongshan Nu, Lahu, and Drung have relatively small and close circumferences. With age, the chest and waist circumferences of Tibetan-Bunnan adults increase, and the circumference of the limbs decreases.

Value of Texture Analysis of Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Parameters in Differential Diagnosis of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor and Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objective To evaluate the value of texture features derived from intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parameters for differentiating pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pNET) from pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC).Methods Eighteen patients with pNET and 32 patients with PAC were retrospectively enrolled in this study. All patients underwent diffusion-weighted imaging with 10 b values used (from 0 to 800 s/mm ). Based on IVIM model, perfusion-related parameters including perfusion fraction (f), fast component of diffusion (D) and true diffusion parameter slow component of diffusion (D) were calculated on a voxel-by-voxel basis and reorganized into gray-encoded parametric maps. The mean value of each IVIM parameter and texture features [Angular Second Moment (ASM), Inverse Difference Moment (IDM), Correlation, Contrast and Entropy] values of IVIM parameters were measured. Independent sample t-test or Mann-Whitney U test were performed for the between-group comparison of quantitative data. Regression model was established by using binary logistic regression analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency.Results The mean f value of the pNET group were significantly higher than that of the PAC group (27.0% vs. 19.0%, P = 0.001), while the mean values of D and D showed no significant differences between the two groups. All texture features (ASM, IDM, Correlation, Contrast and Entropy) of each IVIM parameter showed significant differences between the pNET and PAC groups (P=0.000-0.043). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that texture ASM of D and texture Correlation of D were considered as the specific imaging variables for the differential diagnosis of pNET and PAC. ROC analysis revealed that multiple texture features presented better diagnostic performance than IVIM parameters (AUC 0.849-0.899 vs. 0.526-0.776), and texture ASM of D combined with Correlation of D in the model of logistic regression had largest area under ROC curve for distinguishing pNET from PAC (AUC 0.934, cutoff 0.378, sensitivity 0.889, specificity 0.854).Conclusions Texture analysis of IVIM parameters could be an effective and noninvasive tool to differentiate pNET from PAC.

Correlation between C-reactive Protein and Morphology of Aortic Intramural Hematoma on CT Angiography / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objectives To investigate the morphologic characteristics of intramural hematoma (IMH) on CT angiography (CTA), and evaluate the possible correlation of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) with morphologic characteristics of IMH. Material and Methods Forty-two patients who were initially diagnosed as IMH by aortic CTA and also had serum CRP examination on the same day of CTA were enrolled in this retrospective study, including 30 males and 12 females, with the mean age of 61 ± 14 years old. The volumetric CT data were retrospectively processed and analyzed on post-processing workstation. Based on the thickness of IMH and the length-area curve, the cross-sectional area of true lumen and total vessel were measured, the hematoma-vessel ratio (HVR) was calculated. Imaging characteristics were compared between patients who had pathological elevated CRP (> 0.8 mg/dl) and those did not. Spearman correlation analyses of CRP level and morphological characteristics of IMH were performed, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic validity of CRP. Results Of all 42 IMH patients, the mean serum CRP was 3.94 ± 4.71 mg/dl, and the mean HVR was 46.7%± 14.2%. HVR in patients with elevated CRP was significantly higher than those with normal CRP (49.7% ± 15.0% vs. 40.7% ± 10.5 %, P = 0.030). HVR was mildly correlated with CRP in all patients (r =0.48, P < 0.001). CRP levels differed neither between patients with Stanford type A and B (P = 0.207), nor between patients with and without intimal disruption (P = 0.230). To discriminate HVR > 47% (the mean value), the area under curve (AUC) were 0.700 (95% CI: 0.535-0.865) for CRP at a cutoff point of 3.55 mg/dl, with a sensitivity of 54.5% and a specificity of 90.0%. Conclusion CRP was mildly correlated with the severity of cross-sectional hematoma area of IMH, but not with Stanford types and the presence of intimal disruption.

Value of CT Angiography Using Low Tube Voltage and Low Contrast Combined with Iterative Model Reconstruction in Patients with Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To assess the value of CT angiography using low-voltage and low-concentration contrast media (CM) combined with knowledge-based iterative model reconstruction (IMR) in patients with coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG).Methods Totally 71 patients after CABG undergoing CT angiography in our center from June to November 2016 were prospectively enrolled and randomly assigned into groups A and B. The scan protocol for group A was 80 kVp with 300 mgI/ml contrast at an injection rate of 4 ml/s;images were reconstructed by IMR algorithm. The scan protocol for group B was 100 kVp with 370 mgI/ml contrast at an injection rate of 5 ml/s;images were reconstructed by hybrid iterative reconstruction technique. Aorta,left ventricular,and grafts were chosen as regions of interest. The image quality,radiation dose,and contrast load were compared between two groups.Results The signal to noise ratio (SNR) and contrast to noise ratio (CNR) of the ascending aorta,descending aorta,left ventricular,and venous bridge in group A [SNR:19±5,20±5.7,19.1±4.9,and 37±34;CNR:17±4.7,18±5,16±5.4,and 34±32] were significantly higher than those in group B [SNR:16±6 (P=0.012),15.6±5.5 (P=0.002),15±6 (P=0.002),24±8.3 (P=0.035);CNR:14±5.5 (P=0.010),13.8±5(P=0.002),13±5.7 (P=0.014),21±7.8 (P=0.031)],except for left internal mammary artery graft (LIMA),which was not inferior to that in group B. An effective radiation dose reduction of 49% was achieved in group A [(2.3±0.4) mSv,compared with group B (4.5±0.5) mSv (P=0.000)]. The iodine load of group A was (20±1.4) g compared with (29±1.6) g in group B,resulting in a reduction of 31% (P=0.000).Conclusions The low tube voltage (80 kVp) and low contrast protocol combined with IMR in patients with CABG can reduce radiation dose and improve image quality of aorta,left ventricular and venous graft. The image quality of LIMA graft in low dose group is not inferior to that in regular dose group.

Clinical significance of distribution of ABO blood group in patients with deep sternal wound infection after cardiac surgery / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To explore the clinical significance of distribution of ABO blood group in patients with deep sternal wound infection(DSWI)after cardiac surgery.Methods Clinical data of 84 patients with DSWI after cardiac surgery in the department of cardiothoracic surgery in General Hospital of China Aviation of China Medical University in 2012-2014 were analyzed retrospectively, according to ABO blood group, patients were divided into 4 groups:A blood group, B blood group, AB blood group, and O blood group, according to whether the blood group was A group, they were divided into A blood group and non-A blood group.Distribution of ABO blood group in DSWI patients was analyzed, risk factors, clinical manifestations, and etiological characteristics of DSWI patients with different ABO blood groups were compared.Results Among patients with DSWI, A blood group and non-A blood group were 33 cases(39.3％)and 51 cases(60.7％)respectively(B, O, and AB blood group were 16 cases[19.1％], 29 cases[34.5％], and 6 cases[7.1％]respectively);the proportion of A blood group in DSWI patients was higher than that of the healthy population, but the difference was not statistically significant(P=0.055). Distribution of baseline characteristics and incidences of various clinical manifestations among DSWI patients of different blood groups were not statistically significant(all P＞0.05).However, compared with non-A blood group or other ABO blood groups, DSWI patients with A blood group had higher incidence of elevated white blood cell count, difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05), positive detection rate of gram-positive bacteria in A blood group was also higher, difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).In addition, only 3 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected only in B blood group, while gram-negative bacteria were not detected in AB blood group. Conclusion ABO blood group may play a role in the pathogenesis of DSWI after cardiac surgery, which may be associated with a specific bacterial infection.

Chest CT Findings of Primary Neuroendocrine Tumor of Thymus:Analysis of 7 Cases / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To explore the clinical features of primary neuroendocrine tumor of thymus (pNET) on computed tomography (CT). <b>Method</b> CT findings and clinical features of 7 patients with pathologically confirmed primary pNET were retrospectively analyzed. Results There were 2 male and 5 female patients aged (52.1±13.3) years,without accompanying endocrine symptoms. Three patients had low-and intermediate-grade pNET and 4 had high-grade pNET. CT showed solid masses in the anterior mediastinum with heterogeneous density,and the average maximum diameter was 6.6 cm. Five patients had necrosis and 4 patients had calcification. After contrast administration,5 cases showed flower ring-like enhancement and 2 cases showed rim enhancement. All lesions showed invasive features,including vessel encompassment (n=5),involvement of surrounding fat space (n=4),involvement of the pleura (n=3),involvement of pericardium (n=2),involvement of chest wall (n=1),direct lung involvement (n=2),lymphadenopathy (n=1),and primary renal neuroendocrine tumor with lung metastasis (n=1). Conclusion pNET is mainly seen in middle-aged people. The typical characteristics of pNET on CT include large mass,calcification,necrosis,and flower ring-like enhancement. CT can clearly display the pNET and the involvement of its surrounding tissues and therefore is helpful for preoperative diagnosis and WHO classification of pNET.

Diagnostic accuracy and its affecting factors of dual-source CT for assessment of coronary stents patency and in-stent restenosis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>In-stent restenosis is a common complication after stent implantation. However, the assessment of stent lumen in computed tomography (CT) coronary angiography is limited by multiple factors. Our study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and the suspected affecting factors in diagnosing coronary in-stent restenosis by dual-source CT (DSCT) compared with coronary angiography.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and fifteen stents in 50 patients were evaluated with DSCT before coronary angiography for the detection of coronary in-stent restenosis (≥ 50% luminal narrowing). Patency of each stent was analyzed by two independent expert radiologists blinded to the results of coronary angiography. The relationship between diagnostic accuracy and the suspected factors including age, body mass index (BMI), heart rate, variation of heart rate, radiation dose, image quality, location and stent characteristics (type, material, diameter, length and strut thickness) was assessed with both univariate and multivariate analysis. The fitting of a Logistic regression model was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Mean stent diameter was (2.9 ± 0.4) mm. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and accuracy of DSCT in detection of in-stent restenosis were 69.2%, 91.2%, 50.0%, 95.9%, and 88.7%, respectively. In a subgroup of stents with a diameter ≥ 3.0 mm, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and accuracy were 100.0%, 96.5%, 75.0%, 100.0%, and 96.8%, respectively. Stent diameter < 3.0 mm and poor image quality were associated with poor diagnostic accuracy (P < 0.05). The area under curve of ROC was 0.79.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DSCT can provide high accuracy for the assessment of in-stent restenosis in stents with a diameter = 3.0 mm, and can play an important role in ruling out in-stent restenosis.</p>

Volumetric measurement of pericardial and intrathoracic adipose tissues using coronary computed tomography angiography in patients with coronary heart disease / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the feasibility of volumetric measurement of pericardial adipose tissue (PAT) and intrathoracic adipose tissue (IAT) using coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA), and explore the characteristics of PAT and IAT distribution.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The CTA images of 109 patients (aged 59.1∓11.7 years) with a clinical diagnosis of coronary heart disease were analyzed. The volumes of PAT and IAT were measured using the axial data from the base to the apex traced manually with the dedicated semiautomatic software program Volume. The related factors and gender difference of PAT and IAT were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The pericardium was clearly defined on CTA images and the volumes of PAT and IAT were measured accurately in all the cases. The volumes of PAT and IAT were positively correlated to body weight and body mass index (BMI) but independent of age, and IAT was positive correlated to the body height. The IAT of male patients was 67% higher than that of female patients (P<0.05), whereas no such a difference was found in PAT (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CTA-based semiautomatic segmentation for volumetric quantification of PAT and IAT is highly accurate. The volumes of PAT and IAT are positively correlated to body weight and BMI, and PAT volume exhibits no statistical difference between male and female patients with coronary heart disease.</p>

About AIDS Control Knowledge:An Investigation among Medical Staff at a Low Infected Area / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To provide gists for educations about AIDS control through finding out the knowledge among medical staff at a low infected area.METHODS The questionnaires including 30 questions of 5 kinds were analyzed.RESULTS The awareness rate of total knowledge among medical staff was 64.94%.The positive rate about common knowledge was upon 88%.But the rate about comprehensive knowledge such as diagnosis standard,therapy way,disinfection measure,career defending,law function,and so on was law.The correct answers on 17 questions among nurses were higher than doctors(P

Effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor on the repair of vessel intima damaged by balloon / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The dysfunction of vascular endothelial cells plays a key role in starting and facilitating restenosis. The acceleration of intima repair and the recovery of endothelial function would reduce the restenosis rate. This study was undertaken to assess the effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on the repair of damaged iliac arteries.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-four male New Zealand white rabbits undergoing primary iliac artery deendothelization were randomly divided into two groups (GM-CSF group and control group). The GM-CSF group received a subcutaneous injection of GM-CSF [10 microg x kg(-1) x d(-1)], and the control group was given a subcutaneous injection of equivalent saline. The iliac arteries of all animals were damaged by balloon after 7 days. The levels of nitric oxide (NO) were detected before, 1 week, 2 weeks and 4 weeks after angioplasty. The repair and hyperplasia of the intima were observed microscopically and the indices of stenosis were evaluated by computerized planimetry after 4 weeks of angioplasty.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The NO levels of the GM-CSF group were higher than those of the control group 2 weeks and 4 weeks after angioplasty [(91.92 +/- 11.57) micromol/L vs. (81.67 +/- 12.18) micromol/L; (97.67 +/- 10.13) micromol/L vs. (83.16 +/- 12.64) micromol/L]. Four weeks after balloon damage, histological examination showed that neointima formation, vascular smooth muscle cells and fibrous tissue of the GM-CSF group were less than those of the control group. The endothelium of the GM-CSF group was more integrated, and stenosis of lumen was slighter than that of the control group. Morphometry showed the lumen area of the GM-CSF group was larger than that of the control group [(1.27 +/- 0.31) mm(2) vs. (0.92 +/- 0.24) mm(2)], the neointimal area and percent of intima hyperplasia were significantly smaller than those of the control group [(0.85 +/- 0.34) mm(2) vs. (1.18 +/- 0.38) mm(2); (40 +/- 7)% vs. (55 +/- 6)%].</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>GM-CSF could facilitate the repair of the intima, reduce neointima formation, better the function of the endothelium, and decrease the rate of restenosis.</p>

Effect of combined therapy of shenmai and compound danshen injection on myocardial reperfusion injury after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of combined therapy of shenmai and compound danshen injection (SM-DS) on myocardial reperfusion injury after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-eight AMI patients who received PCI were randomly divided into two groups, the 19 patients in the treated group were treated with SM-DS before and after PCI. Serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in patients' venous blood were measured at different time-points, and the integrated left ventricular ejection isometric index (Tei) was determined by echocardiogram.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>As compared with before operation in the treated group, MDA was higher and SOD was lower at 2 hrs, 24 hrs after operation (P < 0.05); IL-6 and TNF-alpha were significantly lower at 24 hrs, 48 hrs and 1 week (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) and the Tei began to be improved at 24 hrs (P < 0.05) and significantly improved at 1 week after operation (P < 0.01). While in the control group, MDA was higher and SOD was obviously lower at 2 hrs and 24 hrs (P < 0.01); lowering of IL-6 and TNF-alpha appeared at 1 week (P < 0.05) and improving of Tei index revealed 1 week after operation respectively (P < 0.05). Comparison between the two groups showed significant difference in levels of MDA and SOD at 2 hrs and 24 hrs (P < 0.01); significant difference in levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha at 24 hrs, 48 hrs and 1 week; and in Tei index at 24 hrs and 1 week after operation (P <0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SM-DS could reduce the myocardial reperfusion injury in patients with AMI after PCI.</p>

Antibacterials in Patients Accepted Operation in Grass-roots Hospitals:Their Application and Cost Analysis / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To investigate the application of antibacterials in patients accepted operation in grass-roots(hospitals),so to standardize the application of antibacterials and cut down the medical cost.METHODS Full-time administrators for nosocomial infection investigated the application of antibacterials in patients who accepted(operation) in Sep 2004,and filled in the questionnaires.RESULTS In 1 383 cases of 11 hospitals the application rate of antibacterials was 98.63%;in which 86.50% were for prophylactic usage and 13.50% for therapeutic usage;(29.90%) for single antibiotics treatment and 50.15% for bigeminy,18.70% were for trigeminy.Time of(application) differentiated(6.90,7.00,6.60d) fromⅠto Ⅲ kinds of operation.Per capita cost of antibacterials was $956.50(47.60%).CONCLUSIONS High cost of antibacterials results from such factors as multiple kinds,long time and(combined) application.