ABSTRACT
Through the analysis of patent jurisprudence, it is proved that the Classical Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine (CPTCM) belongs to the scope of "existing technology" in the Law of Patent, and has lost the foundation of obtaining patent rights. Taking Japan's CPTCM as an example, based on the analysis of the administration of CPTCM and patent applications related to CPTCM in Japan, it is proved that CPTCM can not obtain patent authorization in Japan. Through the comparison of patent in China, the United States, Europe and worldwide region, it is proved that China is still the main source of patent applications for Traditional Chinese Medicine. At the end of the article, the author puts forward the suggestion of "active protection". It is believed that we should abandon the concept of patent-only protection and improve the influence of Traditional Chinese Medicine in worldwide from the aspects of industrial development, promotion ofits application, and intellectual property protection.
ABSTRACT
Through the analysis of patent jurisprudence, it is proved that the Classical Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine (CPTCM) belongs to the scope of "existing technology" in the Law of Patent, and has lost the foundation of obtaining patent rights. Taking Japan's CPTCM as an example, based on the analysis of the administration of CPTCM and patent applications related to CPTCM in Japan, it is proved that CPTCM can not obtain patent authorization in Japan. Through the comparison of patent in China, the United States, Europe and worldwide region, it is proved that China is still the main source of patent applications for Traditional Chinese Medicine. At the end of the article, the author puts forward the suggestion of "active protection". It is believed that we should abandon the concept of patent-only protection and improve the influence of Traditional Chinese Medicine in worldwide from the aspects of industrial development, promotion ofits application, and intellectual property protection.
ABSTRACT
Objective To clone,express and characterize a tegument protein gene of Schistosoma japonicum(Sj29),and investigate the immune protection of the recombinant protein against S.japonicum in mice.Methods The gene coding for Sj29 protein was amplified by PCR,and the sequence was analyzed by bioinformatics tools.Partial fragment of Sj29 gene was subcloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pET28c(+).The recombinant plasmid was transformed into E.coli BL21(DE3) and induced the recombinant with IPTG.The recombinant protein(rSj29) was purified by His-binding-resin affinity chromatography and characterized by Western blotting.Three groups each with 10 BALB/c mice were immunized subcutaneously three times(two weeks interval) respectively with 100 ?l recombinant rSj29(0.1 mg/ml),adjuvant or PBS.At the 15th day after the final inoculation,each mouse was challenged by 40 ?2 cercariae of S.japonicum.At the 53th day after infection,the mice were sacrificed to obtain the number of adult worms,number of eggs in liver and feces.Serum samples were collected at pre-immunization and certain time after immuniza-tion,and were analyzed for IgG by ELISA.The localization of rSj29 in worms of different developmental stages was demonstrated by immunofluorescent technique.mRNA expression level of Sj29 gene in worms of different developmental stages and three groups after infection was detected by quantitative real-time PCR.Results A 576 bp Sj29 gene fragment was obtained.The recombinant protein rSj29 with Mr 22 900 was expressed in the form of inclusion body.The recombinant rSj29 can be recognized by sera of mice immunized with rSj29 and sera of infected mice.The number of adult worms(15.4?5.9),number of hepatic eggs(40 143.3?2 995.9) and number of fecal eggs(3 803.9?110.9) in re-combinant protein group were significantly higher than those of PBS control group(20?3.4,49 318.1?6 648.3,5 238.1? 303.5,respectively)(P
ABSTRACT
Objective To clone full length gene sequence containing open reading frame (ORF) of Schistosoma japonicum SJCHGC08304, analyse its category encoding Wnt protein, and to understand the mRNA expression dynamics of the gene during different developmental stages. Methods Based on a EST identified in Genbank, the full length gene of SJCHGC08304 was cloned with RACE technique from 7 d hepatic schistosomula and 42 d adult worms, and its complete ORF was analysed by bioinformatics tools. The expression of the gene during different developmental stages was analysed by using Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR technique. Results A new gene was obtained, containing a complete ORF with 2 604 nucleotides, and encoding 867 amino acid with 98.264 kD of molecular mass. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR showed that the mRNA level of this gene was the highest in the 18 d schistosomula, followed by 14 d schistosomula, 42 d male worms, 32 d adult worms, egg, 23 d adult worms, 27 d adult worms, respectively, and there were no expression of the gene in 42 d female worms. Conclusions The gene has a typical characteristics of Wnt frizzled family proteins, the similarity is best to Xenopus laevis. By comparison analysis to speculate as Fz5 gene, we denominate this gene as "sjFz5" (GenBank accession No. EU370926). SjFz5 has differential expressions during different developmental stages.
ABSTRACT
Cellular immunity plays an important role in defense against diseases, such as pathogenic infection,autoimmunity and tumor. With the progress of molecular immunology, mechanisms of T cellular immunity, and the T cell epitopes and functional genomics, studies on the prediction based on data-drived for T cell epitopes has been highlighted, and could be one of the useful tools for application in vaccine development. This review summarizes theory and methodology of prediction for helper T cell epitopes, and their application in vaccine development against parasites, and new research directions are also discussed.