ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the serotype distribution and drug resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae ( S. pneumoniae) isolated in Urumqi Children′s Hospital and to evaluate the significances of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in preventing infection and controlling drug resistance. Methods:The S. pneumoniae isolates stored in clinical laboratory of Urumqi Children′s Hospital from January to December in 2018 were re-cultured.The serotypes were detected by capsule swelling experiment to assess the coverage rate of PCV13.The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Penicillin, Amoxicillin, Cefotaxime and Ceftriaxone were detected by E-test method, and the susceptibility of the isolates to Meropenem and other 9 antibiotics was detected by VITEC 2 Compact system. Results:A total of 225 S. pneumoniae strains were identified.The common serotypes were 19F (32.9%), 23F (12.0%), 19A (10.7%), 6B (10.2%) and 6A (8.0%). PCV13 coverage rate was 80.4%.There was no significant difference in serotype distribution and PCV13 coverage between children < 2 years old and ≥ 2 years old, as well as between Han and minority people.The 57.8% and 31.7% strains showed intermediate susceptibility and resistance against oral Penicillin, respectively.Based on the breakpoints for meningitis, 89.4% strains were resistant against pare-nteral Penicillin, and 47.5% and 64.6% strains were non-susceptible (mainly intermediately susceptible) to Ceftria-xone and Cefotaxime, respectively.The resistance rates of strains against Erythromycin, Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and Tetracycline were as high as 98.1%, 67.6% and 89.6%, respectively.More than 90% tested isolates were susceptible to Amoxicillin, Meropenem, Levofloxacin or Moxifloxacin.PCV13 strains were more resistant to Penicillin than non-PCV13 strains. Conclusions:The serotypes 19F, 23F, 19A, 6B and 6A are common among the S. pneumoniae isolated in Urumqi.The coverage rate of PCV13 is about 80%.There was no significant difference in serotype distribution between Han and minority nationality children. S. pneumoniae were frequently resistant against Erythromycin.The high resistance to Penicillin and other beta-lactams should be taken into account when treatment is decided for suspected pneumococcal meningitis.Universal administration of PCV13 would be effective strategy to prevent pneumococcal infection in children and to control the drug resistance of S. pneumoniae.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To study antibiotic-resistant phenotypes and genotypes of ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca isolated from children with pneumonia in Urumqi,to know the distribution and difference of these three Gram-negative bacilli from 2003 to 2007.METHODS Bacterial strains were identified by VITEK32,ESBLs were detected by confirmatory test recommended by CLSI.Microarray technique was used to determine the genotypes of ESBLs.RESULTS Antibiotic-resistant phenotypes showed ESBLs-producing K.oxytoca decreasing from 84.3% to 35.3%,K.pneumoniae stabling in 50-60%,E.coli increasing from 34.4% to 72.1% during the five years;genotypes indicated there were most of ctx-m-9 and tem+ctx-m-9 in E.coli,tem and shv in K.pneumoniae,and the most of tem+ctx-m-3 in K.oxytoca.CONCLUSIONS There is high percentage of ESBLs production from children in Urumqi;resistant phenotypes and genotypes of ESBLs are different in three Gram-negative bacilli;and must further enhance the regional epidemiology surveillance about ESBLs.