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Neurocysticercosis is the most common parasitic disease of the central nervous system. It is an important cause of headache and epilepsy in developing countries. This article will discuss the latest progress in the diagnosis and treatment of neurocysticercosis, and provide help for early diagnosis and individualized treatment of patients by doctors in different regions.
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Objective:To evaluate the uncertainty in 6-methylthiopurine (6-MMP) determination by LC-MS/MS. Methods:The uncertainty sources during the whole process of 6-MMP determination were established and evaluated. The combined and expanded un-certainties were also calculated. Results:The expanded uncertainty at low (2 995 pmol) and high (140 900 pmol) concentration of 6-MMP was 275. 6 pmol and 11 396 pmol, respectively (P=95%, k=2). Conclusion: The uncertainty in 6-MMP determination by LC-MS/MS is mainly caused by recovery, matrix effect and sample preparation at low concentration, and by recovery and sample prep-aration at high concentration.
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Objective:To explore whether different phospholipid peptides could induce different pathological features of EAE in Lewis rats.Methods:Lewis rats were immunized with myelin basic protein 82-99 (MBP82-99),MBP68-86,and myelin oligodendroglia glycoprotein 35-55 (MOG35-55),respectively,and evaluated everyday for neurological scores.The cerebrum,brain stem,cerebellum and spinal cord of every rat were removed and pathological features observed.Results: Rats immunized with the two MBP peptides exhibited neurological signs of EAE wherein the central nervous system had extensive inflammation infiltration.The number of infiltrates in spinal cords in the two MBP peptides groups was higher than that in the cerebrums,brain stems and cerebellums.In spinal cords, there was no statistical difference of infiltrates between MBP82-99 and MBP68-86 groups;however,the both groups had more infiltrates than MOG35-55 group.Inflammatory cells were observed only in spinal cords of animals immunized with MOG35-55.Conclusion:This study provides certain evidence for understanding the diversity of pathological manifestations of EAE in Lewis rats.
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Objective To explore the impact of season and latitude on multiple sclerosis by study the onset/relapse season and latitude distribution in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.Methods A total of 264 MS patients , with 88 males and 176 females, who were hospitalized in Beijing Tiantan Hospital from January 2002 to December 2012, were enrolled in the study and all the clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.The mean age was (33.9 ± 12.3) years old, with the disease duration of (6.3 ±4.5) years and 453 cases of relapse.The recurrence of MS was collected by four seasons, with March to May defined as spring, June to August as summer, September to November as autumn and December to February as winter.MS patients lived in Beijing (39.39° N-41.07° N) were chosen to test the correlation between the incidence/recurrence and monthly mean temperature, sunlight exposure intensity and duration.All the patients were divided into the high latitude group and the low latitude group, taken the latitude median (40.22° N) of Beijing area as the boundary.Gender composition, age of onset, disease duration and recurrence rate were compared between the two groups.Results Most of the onset/ relapse of MS were observed in winter (134 cases), while summer (97 cases) took the least.In the same latitude region (Beijing area), the onset/ relapse of MS was negatively correlated to the mean temperature and sunlight exposure intensity (r =-0.699, P =0.006;r =-0.623, P =0.015).Recurrence was higher in the high latitude group than in the low latitude group [68.7％ (123/179) vs 63.0％ (51/81), P =0.000], while no significant difference was found in gender composition, age of onset and disease duration between the two groups.Conclusion The onset/recurrence of MS has obvious seasonal characteristics.The onset/recurrence of MS is correlated with latitude, temperature and sunlight exposure intensity of the habitation of MS patients.Environmental factors are important cause of the onset/recurrence of MS, with sunshine exposure as the most key factor.
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Objective To investigate the evolution of CXCL10 in blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during relapses of multiple sclerosis (MS),and the correlation between these and the clinical neurological dysfunction.Methods Fifty-three patients with definite MS during relapsing state (relapsing MS group) diagnosed by the McDonald criteria;fifty-three patients with definite MS during remitting state ( remitting MS group);thirty-two patients with non-inflammatory neurologic disease ( NIND group) and fiftythree healthy controls (NC group) were enrolled in the study.Each patient clinical status was evaluated with the Expanded Disability Status Scale ( EDSS).Plasma and CSF levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunoassay.Results ( 1 ) The CXCL10 level in plasma in relapsing MS group elevated significantly between the 2nd ( (601 ± 365 ) pg/ml,t = - 2.898,P = 0.001) and the 4th ( (575 ± 297 ) pg/ml,t = -2.651,P=0.003) week after relapsing;GXL10 in CSF (n =32) did not changed significantly in the 4th week after relapsing( (1807 ±803) pg/ml).(2) The CXCL10 level in plasma in relapsing MS group were significantly higher than that in the healthy control group ((248±130) pg/ml,(=4.895,P=0.000) and remitting MS group ((287 ±118) pg/ml,t = 3.555,P = 0.001 ).( 3 ) The CXCL10 level in CSF in relapsing MS group (( 1774 ± 604) pg/ml) was significantly higher than that in NIND group ( ( 122 ± 114) pg/ml,t= 15.192,P =0.000).(4) The CXCL10 level in plasma in relapsing MS group had correlation with that in CSF (r=0.792,P=0.001).The CXCL10 level in CSF in relapsing MS group had correlation with EDSS scores (r = 0.526,P = 0.002 ).Conclusions The CXCL10 level in plasma might be implemented as a paraclinical marker of disease activity in MS.The CXCL10 level in plasma of MS may be relevant to that in CSF.The CXCL10 level in CSF of MS may indicate the clinical neurological dysfunction.
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@#Objective To explore the diagnosis and treatment in multiple sclerosis with pain symptom.MethodsThe clinical data of 362 patients suffered from multiple sclerosis with pain symptom from January 1999 to December 2009 were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsPain symptom could result from different causes. Acute radicular pain and Lhermitte's sign were common in the acute pain syndromes as dysaesthetic extremity pain and painful spasticity in chronic pain syndromes. Individual therapy of selected cases showed a benefit of decreased pain symptom.ConclusionPain is a common clinical symptom of multiple sclerosis. Individualized therapeutic decisions could relieve symptom and improve outcome.
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@#ObjectiveTo observe the effect of berneol on sodium valproate passing the blood-brain barrier in rabbits.Methods12 rabbits were randomly divided into the control group and borneol group with 6 animals in each group. All animals were treated with intravenous infusion of sodium valproate until steady state; while the rabbits of the borneol group received oral borneol. The sodium valproate concentration in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was determined. The pharmacokinetics parameters obtained from two groups were analyzed. ResultsIn the berneol group, the mean drug concentration in CSF and area under curve increased significantly ( P<0.05) compared with those of the control group, and the time of drug reaching the peak concentration in CSF was 6 hours, the ratio of CSF to plasma also increased significantly ( P<0.05), while the blood concentration not increased.ConclusionBorneol can enhance the permeability of blood-brain barrier to sodium valproate, but has small influence on blood concentration.
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@#The etiology and occurred mechanism of multiple sclerosis are remain unclear. The authors review the advance in research of heredity epidemiology, molecular biology, genomic screen and heredity factors of multiple sclerosis.