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Objective@#Using data of health information system (HIS) of medical institutions to study the incidence and hospitalization of herpes zoster in three districts of Beijing.@*Methods@#According to the different level of economic development and geographical features in Beijing, 3 districts of Xicheng, Changping and Miyun were chosen and all 110 medical institutions of the first level and above in the 3 districts are included in the survey. All the outpatient and inpatient herpes zoster cases in 2015 were retrospectively reviewed by HIS system. After distinguishing the reduplicated cases, Using the first outpatient case as a molecule and the resident population as denominator to estimate the annual incidence rate, as well as the annual hospitalization rate was estimated based on primary diagnostic hospitalized cases as molecule and the resident population as denominator.@*Results@#A total of 32 313 primary visit outpatient cases were investigated, of which 18 360 cases (56.8%) were women and 20 923 cases (64.8%) were ≥50 years old. The overall estimated incidence of the 3 districts was 8.8‰ with an increase trends with age and reached to the highest in ≥80 years old (30.5/1 000). The incidence of Xicheng, Changping and Miyun districts are respectively 16.2‰, 4.0‰ and 5.7‰. A total of 701 primary visit inpatient cases were identified, of which 366 cases (52.2%) were women and 651 cases (92.9%) were ≥50 years old. The estimated annual hospitalization rate was 19.4/100 000, with the primary and secondary diagnostic hospitalization rate are respectively 5.9/100 000 (212 cases) and 13.5/100 000 (489 cases). The disease types of secondary diagnostic inpatient herpes zoster cases were as follows: cardiovascular disease (19.0%, 93 cases), stroke (14.5%, 71 cases), pneumonia/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (14.1%, 69 cases), tumor (12.5%, 61 cases) and diabetes (5.7%, 28 cases).@*Conclusion@#Most of the herpes zoster cases in Beijing are over 50 years old, and the incidence of female is slightly higher than male. This disease should become a public health issue of great concern.
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Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of rapid hepatitis B vaccination with different vaccine dosages and types in adults.Methods Adults who were aged ≥20 years,negative in the detections of 5 HBV serum markers or only anti-HBc positive were selected from Chaoyang district of Beijing.They were divided into 4 community-based specific groups and given three doses of 10 μ g HepB-SCY vaccine,20 μ g HepB-SCY vaccine,20 μ g HepB-CHO vaccine and 10 μ g HepB-HPY vaccine respectively at month 0,1,and 2.Their blood samples were collected within 1-2 months after completing the three dose vaccination to test anti-HBs level by using chemiluminesent microparticle immunoassay.A face to face questionnaire survey was conducted,and x2 test,Mantel-Haensel x2 test,Kruskal-Wallis rank test and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed.Results A total of 1 772 participants completed vaccination and observation.Their average age was 48.5 years,and 62.75％ of them were females.The anti-HBs positive rates in the groups of 10 μg HepB-SCY,20 μg HepB-SCY,20 μg HepB-CHO and 10 μg HepB-HPY vaccines were 79.49％,84.34％,82.50％ and 74.15％,respectively (P=0.005),and the geometric mean titers (GMT) were 39.53 mIU/ml,62.37 mIU/ml,48.18 mIU/ml and 33.64 mIU/ml respectively (P=0.025).The overall anti-HBs positive rate and GMT were 79.01％ and 41.18 mIU/ml.The anti-HBs GMT of 4 groups declined with age.The differences in anti-HBs GMT among 4 groups minimized with age.The result of logistic modeling indicated that vaccine type and dosage,age and smoking were associated with anti-HBs statistically after controlling the variables of "only anti-HBc positive or not" and "history of hepatitis B vaccination".Conclusion Hepatitis B vaccination at dosage of 20 tg based on 0-1-2 month rapid schedule could achieved anti-HBs positive rates ＞80％ in middle aged and old people,which can be used as supplement of 0-1-6 month routine schedule.
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Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of rapid hepatitis B vaccination with different vaccine dosages and types in adults.Methods Adults who were aged ≥20 years,negative in the detections of 5 HBV serum markers or only anti-HBc positive were selected from Chaoyang district of Beijing.They were divided into 4 community-based specific groups and given three doses of 10 μ g HepB-SCY vaccine,20 μ g HepB-SCY vaccine,20 μ g HepB-CHO vaccine and 10 μ g HepB-HPY vaccine respectively at month 0,1,and 2.Their blood samples were collected within 1-2 months after completing the three dose vaccination to test anti-HBs level by using chemiluminesent microparticle immunoassay.A face to face questionnaire survey was conducted,and x2 test,Mantel-Haensel x2 test,Kruskal-Wallis rank test and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed.Results A total of 1 772 participants completed vaccination and observation.Their average age was 48.5 years,and 62.75％ of them were females.The anti-HBs positive rates in the groups of 10 μg HepB-SCY,20 μg HepB-SCY,20 μg HepB-CHO and 10 μg HepB-HPY vaccines were 79.49％,84.34％,82.50％ and 74.15％,respectively (P=0.005),and the geometric mean titers (GMT) were 39.53 mIU/ml,62.37 mIU/ml,48.18 mIU/ml and 33.64 mIU/ml respectively (P=0.025).The overall anti-HBs positive rate and GMT were 79.01％ and 41.18 mIU/ml.The anti-HBs GMT of 4 groups declined with age.The differences in anti-HBs GMT among 4 groups minimized with age.The result of logistic modeling indicated that vaccine type and dosage,age and smoking were associated with anti-HBs statistically after controlling the variables of "only anti-HBc positive or not" and "history of hepatitis B vaccination".Conclusion Hepatitis B vaccination at dosage of 20 tg based on 0-1-2 month rapid schedule could achieved anti-HBs positive rates ＞80％ in middle aged and old people,which can be used as supplement of 0-1-6 month routine schedule.
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Objective@#To estimate the influenza infection rate among severe acute respiratory infection(SARI) cases and the hospitalization rates of SARI attributable to influenza, based on two sentinel hospital surveillance databases in Beijing, 2015.@*Methods@#Surveillance was conducted at two sentinel hospitals in Beijing in 2015. A total of 1 842 patients who admitted to the sentinel hospitals and met the definition of SARI were enrolled in the study. The respiratory tract specimens of SARI cases were collected, and sent to laboratories within 48 hours for influenza RNA detection. The catchment area of sentinel hospitals was defined by reviewing the home address of inpatients; A total of 1 491 patients were sampled and tested for influenza. The population size of catchment areas was obtained from demographic year book. We investigated the number of pneumonia patients admitted to the sentinel hospitals and other hospitals in catchment areas in 2015, and calculated the proportions of pneumonia patients that were admitted to sentinel hospitals in catchment areas. The catchment population size was calculated using the number of total population of catchment areas multiply by the proportions of pneumonia patients that were admitted at sentinel hospitals.@*Results@#Among 1 491 patients, 13.7% (205 cases) was test positive for influenza viruses, 2 (0.9%) cases positive for influenza A (H1N1), 91 (44.6%) cases influenza A (H3N2), 1 (0.5%) case influenza B/Victoria, 111 (54.0%) cases influenza B/Yamagata. Influenza was associated with an estimated 30 (95%CI:9-51) SARI hospitalizations per 100 000 during 2015. The hospitalization rate was 243 (95%CI: 232-255), 86 (95%CI: 59-112),1(95%CI: 0-5), 8 (95%CI: 0-23) and 92 (95%CI: 16-168) SARI hospitalizations per 100 000 population for<5 years children, 5-14 years children, 15-24 years adult, 25-59 years adult and ≥60 years population, respectively. The hospitalization rate of SARI attributed to influenza A and B was 14 (95%CI:4-17) and 16 (95%CI:0-23) per 100 000 population, respectively.@*Conclusion@#The influenza positive rate among SARI cases was relatively high. The hospitalization burden of SARI attributed to influenza was the greatest in children under 5 year-old.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the differences in free influenza vaccination rate among different family structures of the elderly population in Beijing under the free vaccination policy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A cross sectional study was conducted by a multi-stage cluster sampling from July to August in 2013. A total of 1 717 individuals were selected to answer a self-designed questionnaire of demographic characteristics and basic information about receiving free influenza vaccination and 1 637 of which were valid. The chi-square test for dichotomous variables was calculated to examine the relationship between vaccine status and family characteristics. Predictor variables were selected as variables for non-conditional logistic regression model to determine potential independent predictors of vaccine uptake.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The free influenza vaccination rate in elderly population was 38.8% (634/1 637) in 2013. The rate in the old people who lived alone was the highest which was 47.5% (58/122). The rate in the old people who lived with children and spouse was 34.6% (175/506). There was a significant difference in coverage rate among different family structures (χ(2)=11.57, P=0.009). The rate in the old people who lived with spouse only, lived with children only and other types were 41.5% (322/778) , 34.7% (69/201), and 33.3% (10/30), respectively. In a multi-factor model, there was a significant difference in vaccination rate among different family structures after other confounding factors were controlled. The odds ratios (95% CI) of the people living with spouse only, people living with children only and people living with spouse and children were 0.90 (0.60-1.33) , 0.59 (0.37-0.96) , and 0.63 (0.42-0.96), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The vaccination rate in the old people living alone was low. The health education should be conducted not only in the elderly people but also in their family members.</p>
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Aged , Child , Humans , Beijing , Cross-Sectional Studies , Family Characteristics , Health Education , Influenza Vaccines , Logistic Models , Spouses , Surveys and Questionnaires , VaccinationABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the positive rates of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and surface antibody (anti-HBs) among adults aged ≥18 years in communities in Chaoyang district, Beijing.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HBsAg and anti-HBs were tested with ELISA reagents for participants in the Community Diagnosis Survey (3 000 person were sampled in each community according to the age and sex distribution of the residents) in all 42 communities in Chaoyang district by Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Chaoyang CDC. The data of 35 communities in which at least 1 000 adults were tested were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 78 100 adults were tested for HBsAg and anti-HBs in the 35 communities. The crude positive rate of HBsAg was 2.24% (95% CI: 2.13%-2.34%). The highest age-specific HBsAg positive rate was 3.00% (95% CI: 2.56%-3.44%) for those aged 40-44 years and the lowest age-specific HBsAg positive rate was 1.69% (95% CI: 1.29%-2.09%) for those aged 18-24 years, respectively. A obvious difference in community- based HBsAg positive rate was founded with the highest of 10.68% (95% CI: 9.43%-11.94%) and lowest of 0.24% (95% CI: 0.13%-0.38%). HBsAg positive rate was significantly lower in local residents than in participants with household registered in other provinces (1.97% vs. 2.98%, P<0.01), but the sex specific difference in HBsAg positive rate was relatively smaller (2.45% in males and 2.07% in females, P<0.01). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, community, occupation, residence status and sex were all associated with positive rate of HBsAg (P<0.01). The overall positive rate of anti-HBs was 30.85% (95% CI: 30.53%-31.18%), and the highest was 38.10% in age group 18-24 years (95% CI: 36.58%-39.61%) and the lowest was 28.88% in age group 75- years (95% CI: 27.62%-30.15%), respectively. Up to 67.02% of the subjects were both HBsAg and anti-HBs negative (95% CI: 66.69%-67.35%), and the age specific difference was not significant. But significant differences in anti-HBs positive rate and the negative rate of both HBsAg and anti-HBs were found across communities.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The overall positive rate of HBsAg was at a moderate low level among adults in Chaoyang, but the age specific positive rate was high in the middle-aged and the population specific positive rate was high in participants with household registered in other provinces, therefore, the prevention and control of hepatitis B in Chaoyang should be focused on the middle aged people and participants with household registered in other provinces. The community specific differences in the positive rate of HBsAg and anti-HBs across communities need to be further studied.</p>
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Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Age Distribution , Beijing , Epidemiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Family Characteristics , Hepatitis B , Blood , Hepatitis B Antibodies , Blood , Hepatitis B Surface Antigens , Blood , Hepatitis B virus , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Sex Distribution , Specimen HandlingABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the imported measles cases who came to Beijing seeking for better medical services and to explore the feasible strategies for prevention and control of the situation.Methods Descriptive analysis was conducted for all the measles cases noted from the Measles Surveillance System,between January 1,2014 and December 31,2014.Results 3 328 measles cases were reported in Beijing,including 2 397 (2 397/3 328,72.0％) native residents and 931 (931/3 328,28.0％) came from other provinces.Peak of the imported cases appeared earlier than those native cases,with 934 cases (934/2 397,39.0％) having had hospital exposure 7-21 days prior to the onset of the disease.Majority of the imported were children,including 718 of them (718/931,77.1％) under the age of 15.Most cases were reported from 3 infectious disease hospitals (567/1 156 person-time,49.0％) and 2 children' s hospitals (445/1 156 person-time,38.5％).Original addresses of the imported cases distributed in 24 provinces,with 705 of them (705/931,75.7％) coming from Beijing' s neighboring province (Hebei).Clinic symptoms with epidemiological information were analyzed on 712 cases.704 cases (704/712,98.9％) presented rash at home town while another 621 cases(621/712,87.2％) developed rash 4 days after arriving in Beijing and were still in the infectious period.Conclusion There was a big amount of imported measles cases in Beijing that called for the elimination of the disease in a urgent phase.It is necessary to timely develop and conduct targeted prevention and control measures on the disease in Beijing.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of outbreaks control in school settings after a 2 dose varicella vaccine immunization strategy implemented in Beijing.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Epidemiological data of varicella outbreaks in school and kindergarten settings, which were reported by all 16 districts (county) during 2007-2013 according to the technical management norms of Beijing, was collected. The first dose and second dose varicella vaccine coverage rate of eligible children after the 2 dose varicella vaccine immunization strategy implementation were estimated through BJIIMS. Based on above we analyzed the changes of outbreak quantity, case quantity and the distribution characteristics between the pre-adjustment era (2007-2011 years) and late adjustment era (2013) of the 2 dose immunization strategy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In pre-adjustment era (2007-2011 years), an average of 74 (95% CI: 60-89) outbreaks was reported and 964 (95% CI: 812-1 116) cases were involved per year. In late adjustment era (2013): Outbreaks (35) declined 52.7%, involved cases (371) declined 61.5%; Outbreaks epidemic duration shortened from 22 days of pre-adjustment era to 18 days; Outbreaks involved 10-24 cases declined 64.7% (from 34 to 12); Outbreaks involved ≥ 25 cases declined 71.4% (from 7 to 2); Outbreaks of different school type as well as different regions without exception declined dramatically. Cumulative one-dose vaccine coverage in children of 2-6 yr of age was 89.6% (812 859/907 579), and cumulative second-dose vaccine coverage in children of 4-7 yr of age was 44.3% (289 764/647 732).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Implementation of a 2 dose varicella vaccine immunization strategy effectively controlled outbreaks in school and kindergarten settings.</p>
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Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Chickenpox , Chickenpox Vaccine , Disease Outbreaks , Epidemics , Schools , Students , VaccinationABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the polio immunity level of persistent population in Beijing, 2012.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 1 676 subjects residing more than 6 months in Beijing were selected by stratified random cluster sampling design in 2012. Demographic characteristics, history of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) immunization were investigated by questionnaire. All 5 ml blood sample were collected for testing of polio neutralizing antibody using the method of microcell neutralization. The positive rate and the geometric mean titer (GMT) of polio neutralizing antibody type I, II and III were analyzed in different groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rate of type I, II and III were 98.2% (1 645/1 676), 98.1% (1 644/1 676), 97.6% (1 635/1 676); The GMT were 1:130.2, 1: 113.4 and 1: 79.7. Three types of positive rates in<15 years group (99.7% (664/666), 99.8% (665/666), 99.5% (663/666)) were higher than those of ≥ 15 years group (97.1% (981/1 010), 96.9% (979/1 010), 96.2% (972/1 010)), the differences were significant (all the values of P < 0.01); The GMT in<15 years group (1:325.9, 1:250.5, 1:190.7) were higher than that of ≥ 15 years group (1: 71.1, 1: 67.2, 1: 44.8), the difference was significant (all the values of P < 0.01). The positive rate (99.0%-100%) and GMT (1: 128.8-1: 300.7) in vaccination information confirmed population were higher. The highest positive rate (all were 100%) and GMT(1: 409.7-1: 636.7) were observed in children who vaccinated three times.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The polio antibody of healthy population was at a high level in Beijing in 2012; Especially the age groups of < 15 years which were covered by vaccines.Immunization barrier had been formed firmly to interrupt the transmission of wild poliovirus and vaccine-derived poliovirus.</p>
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Adolescent , Child , Humans , Adaptive Immunity , Antibodies, Neutralizing , Antibodies, Viral , Poliomyelitis , Poliovirus , Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral , VaccinationABSTRACT
A total of 3499 cases of influenza A (H1N1) were included in this study for analysis.Epidemiological and clinical data of these cases were input into EpiData software and analyzed by SPSS software. Throat swabs were collected from the cases and detected for nucleic acid of influenza A ( H1N1 )virus using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with fluorescence quantitative method, and time of viral excretion and clinical features of the cases were analyzed. Results showed that 0. 37% of the cases were in-apparent and asymptomatic and the most common symptom of the cases was fever (86. 77% ).Throat swabs converted to negative on the sixth day of onset in average, and no factors related to the time of conversion was found with logistic regression analysis.
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Objective To analyze epidemiological characteristics of elderly cases with influenza A (H1N1) in Beijing. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to describe epidemiological characteristics of elderly cases with 2009 influenza A (H1N1) in Beijing. Results The 321 laboratory-confirmed elderly cases with influenza A (H1N1) were reported in Beijing, and the morbidity was 13.2/100 000. The peak of infection occurred during November and December, the cases in this period accounted for 84.7% of the whole year, and 53.0% of them were reported in suburb areas, with the highest morbidity (19.2/100 000) in people beyond 85 years, and the morbidity increased with age (x2 = 7.24, P＜0.01). The mild cases accounted for 63.6 %, severe and critical cases accounted for 36.4%. No significant difference was found between severity and BMI (x2=8.14, P=0.52). Severity was associated with number of chronic diseases (x2= 123.0, P＜0. 01). Conclusions The H1N1 morbidity and proportion of severe cases are high among the elderly in Beijing, more attention should be paid to this population for influenza A (H1N1) prevention and control.
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Objective To describe the epidemiological features of severe cases and deaths of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 in Beijing and to explore the main risk factors associated with the disease severity. Methods Data of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 reported in Beijing were collected and analyzed. The relative risks between disease condition and possible risk factors were determined using the multi-factor Logistic regression analysis. Results The incidence of pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 was 66. 1/100 000, and the highest incidence was 86. 8/100 000 which occurred among people aged 25-60 years old. The prevalence of critical patients (12. 5/100 000 and 3.9/100 000, respectively), mortality (0. 9/100 000 and 0. 7/100 000, respectively) and fatality (2.4 % and 3.3 %, respectively) in people aged 0-5 years old and above 60 years old were higher than other age groups. There were 110 (20. 0%) preschool children among 549 critical cases, which were the largest proportion of critical cases. Among 69 death cases, 17 (24. 6%) were retirees with the highest proportion of death cases. More than 70. 0% of the critical cases and deaths visited hospital within two days of onset. The chronic heart disease and chronic lung disease were the most frequent risk factors of severe and death cases. Multi-factor Logistic regression analysis showed that the variables including aged above 60 years old (OR = 3. 586, 95 % CI = 1. 586 - 8. 117), chronic heart disease (OR=2. 126, 95%CI= 1. 178-3. 835), and chronic lung disease (OR=1. 954, 95%CI=1. 126-3. 391) were significantly associated with the disease severity. Conclusion Factors of aged above 60 years older, chronic heart disease and chronic lung disease may aggravate the severity of influenza A (H1N1).
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Objective: To establish the norm of occupational stress norm, as well as gender normative sample in southwest China. Methods: In this study, cross-sectional study method, and a synthetic way of sorting and randomized sampling were adopted to deal with research targets with revised occupational stress inventory (OSI-R) for 4278 participants.Results: The results of gender show that there were heavier occupational role , stronger interpersonal and physical strain in male than that in female(166.5?27.0/158.5?26.4,25.6?4.4/25.1?4.4,22.6?5.6/21.2?5.2,P
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Objective To analyze the contribution of dietary supplements to current vitamin mineral intakes in Beijing,China.Method By stratified cluster sampling method,3992 subjects aged 18y and above in 1440 households were investigated in 6 different regions in Beijing.Results The dietary intake of vitamin and mineral of men was higher than that of women,but the total intake of niacin and vitamin C was lower.Both dietary and total intake of vitamin and mineral in supplement users were higher that those in nonusers.In the group of supplement users,the contribution of supplement to thiamin,riboflavin and calcium intakes was 60% and 70%,47% and 45%,42% and 45% in men and women respectively.The percentage of supplement users who reached the current recommended intakes of vitamins and minerals was higher compared with that of nonusers,about 20 -30 percent higher for vitamin C and calcium.Conclusion The average intakes of vitamin and mineral are improved by using dietary supplements.Dietary supplements should be included in the future nutrition survey in China for improving the accuracy of nutrient’s intake.