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Objective:To evaluate the accuracy and stability of Eye-Monitor, a smart wearable device, in quantifying environmental risks related to myopia.Methods:A diagnostic test study was conducted.Forty-two subjects aged 18-25 years old were recruited from Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in December 2021.Forty-two Eye-Monitors were selected from 80 devices using the simple random sampling method.Static and dynamic tests were carried out to compare environmental risks related to myopia.The static tests included measurements under different working distances, different head tilt angles when sitting, and different light intensities.The dynamic tests included measurements under different near-work time, different outdoor activity time, different time watching computers, and different phone viewing time.Eye-Monitor with the largest sum of absolute values of total relative error was selected, Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the set values and Eye-Monitor measurements, and the accuracy of the objectively measured values was evaluated by Bland-Altman consistency analysis.The stability of the objectively measured values from Eye-Monitor was evaluated by the coefficient of variation.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No.HEC-KS-2021005KY). Written informed consent was obtained from each subject.Results:There were significant correlations between the measured values and setting values in the working distance, head tilt angle when sitting, indoor light intensity, total near-work time, average continuous near-work time, outdoor activity time, time watching computers, and time viewing phones ( rs=0.999, 0.998, 0.999, 0.998, 0.976, 0.959, 0.992, 0.997; all at P<0.001), with the 95% limits of agreement (LoA) of-1.23-2.32 cm, -1.49-4.24°, -13.90-26.90 lx, -6.46-0.11 minutes, -4.50-1.20 minutes, -4.01-1.34 minutes, -2.54-1.94 minutes and-2.15-0.45 minutes, respectively.More than 95% of dots were within the clinically acceptable LoA.The coefficients of variation of the measured values ranged from 1.23%-2.99%, 2.39%-8.25%, 0.87%-8.03%, 1.49%-12.52%, 6.63%-13.59%, 0.00%-14.15%, 1.20%-8.33 and 1.49%-12.51%, respectively, showing good stability.Eye-Monitor had good accuracy in measuring outdoor light intensity (95% LoA: -336.50-130.00 lx). Conclusions:The smart wearable device Eye-Monitor can be used to objectively monitor working distance, head tilt angle when sitting, indoor light intensity, total near-work time, average continuous near-work time, outdoor activity time, time watching computers, and time watching phones, which are with good accuracy and stability.
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OBJECTIVE： To prepare Melatonin solid lipid nanoparticles （MT-SLNs）， and to investigate in vitro transcutaneous absorption characteristics of them in isolated skin of mice. METHODS： Using melatonin （MT） as model drug， glycerin sorbate as oil phase， poloxamer 188 （F188） as emulsifier， MT-SLNs was prepared by melt-emulsion method. The morphology of MT-SLNs was observed by TEM； the particle size distribution of MT-SLNs was measured by laser particle size analyzer， and the infrared spectrum characteristics were measured by infrared spectroscopy. The entrapped efficiency and drug loading amount were determined by HPLC and ultrafiltration centrifugation method. The transcutaneous absorption characteristics in vitro of MT-SLNs and MT raw material were compared using Franz diffusion cells method. RESULTS： The formulation of MT-SLNs included 2.5 mg/mL MT raw material， 25 mg/mL glycerin sorbate and 1％F188. The obtained MT-SLNs were spherical， and no aggregation was observed. Average particle size was （67.88±0.17）nm， and polydispersity index was 0.188±0.001. The characteristic absorption peaks of N—H stretching and bending vibration were not found in infrared spectra， and the characteristic absorption peaks of C—H stretching vibration of benzene ring shifted red to 1 750 cm－1. The entrapped efficiency and drug loading amount of MT-SLNs were （87.54±5.31）％ and （8.42±0.78）％. The transcutaneous absorption behavior of MT-SLNs and MT raw material conformed to zero-order kinetics release rule. The steady-state transmission rate of MT-SLNs [（31.71+2.78） μg/（h·cm2）] was significantly higher than that of its raw material [（10.32±3.24） μg/（h·cm2）]， and its lag time [（0.17±0.01） h] was significantly shorter than that of its raw material [（1.57±0.37） h] （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS： Prepared MT-SLNs have small particle size and distributed evenly， and can promote in vitro transcutaneous absorption.
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Background Laser assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for myopia will change corneal asphericity and further affect the quality of vision.However,how operating parameters such as ablation depth and optic zone diameter affect corneal asphericity is still rarely reported.Objective Aim of this study was to investigate the influence of corneal ablation depth and optic zone diameter on corneal asphericity after LASIK for myopia.Methods This prospective study comprised 175 eyes of 89 patients with the spherical equivalent of (-5.93± 1.98)D and the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ≥ 1.0.The flap creation with the femtosecond laser combine iris recognize guided LASIK was performed on the patients who were available for the evaluation at postoperative 6 months.Corneal aspherical index (Q value) at the central corneal 6.0 mm were measured with Orbscan IIz-corneal topography before and 6 months after operation.Corneal ablation depth and optic zone diameter were recorded in operation.The changes of visual acuity and spherical equivalent before and after surgery were compared by self-control method,and the correlations between corneal ablation depth or optic zone diameter with alteration of Q value (AQ) after LASIK were assessed using multiple regression analysis.Results The mean spherical power,cylinder diopter and spherical equivalent were (-5.57 ± 1.89) D,(-0.71 ±0.55) D and (-5.93 ± 1.98) D before surgery,and those after surgery were (-0.25 ±0.30),(-0.14±0.22)D and (-0.32±0.37)D,showing significant differences between before and 6 months after LASIK (t=-32.39,-23.91,-35.18,all at P＜0.01).The Q values at the central corneal 6.0 mm were -0.13 ± 0.09 (-0.47-0.08) in preoperation and 1.09 ± 0.54 (0.22-2.51) in postoperation,with a significant increase in postoperation (t=29.37,P＜0.01).Corneal ablation depth was (95±28) μm and optic zone diameter was (6.32±0.26)mm.Ablation depth appeared to be positive correlation with AQ (β =0.803),and optic zone diameter showed a negative correlation with AQ (β =-0.149),with a multiple regression formula AQ =1.517+0.015×ablation depth-0.3 ×optic zone diameter.Conclusions LASIK for myopia increase corneal Q value.The increase of corneal ablation depth and decrease of optic zone diameter contribute to enlargement of corneal Q value.
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Twenty-six eyes which appeared rejection after allograft penetrating keratoplasty between April 2003 and April 2004 in Shandong Shi'erming Eye Hospital were collected, including 16 males and 10 females, 9 cases were repeated relapsing viral keratitis, 8 cases were traumatic posterior corneal leucoma, 5 cases were corneal decompensation caused by various intraocular surgery, 2 cases were congenital leucoma, and 2 cases had other symptom. The rejection occurred at 2 month to 2.5 years after operation. Among them 19 cases were transferred to our hospital and asked adding traditional Chinese therapy because western medicine was ineffective in other hospital. All cases were received local treatment with hormone and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory eyedrop, some cases applied systemic administration with glucocorticoid, mainly based on eye black immunosuppression decoction, potion daily, twice per day, the average time of medication was 11-42 days. Clinical symptoms were served as observation indexes, results showed that the total effective rate of the 26 cases were 100%. The bulbar conjunctiva hyperemia and edema was reduced, corneal opacity became light, and rejection was complete response in 9 cases, 5 of 19 cases which were transferred to our hospital were exempted from operation, and the average vision was improved three lines. It was found that purging liver and eliminating dampness compound Chinese medicine can rapidly reduce anterior chamber's inflammatory response and backoff corneal neovascularization in clinical practice.