Effects of fasudil hydrochloride on ROCK2 protein and ferroptosis in hippocampus during early brain injury in rats with subarachnoid hemorrhage / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of fasudil hydrochloride(FH) on Rho-associated kinase 2(ROCK2) protein and ferroptosis in hippocampal area during early brain injury in rats with subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH).Methods:Total 36 SPF grade Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups by random number table method: Sham group, SAH group and SAH+ FH (a ROCK2 protein inhibitor) group (FH goup) with 12 rats in each group.SAH animal model was established by internal carotid artery perforation.The rats in FH group were injected intraperitoneally with FH(15 mg/kg) 30 minutes after successful modeling, and rats in Sham group and SAH group were injected intraperitoneally with the same volume of 0.9% sodium chloride solution.Twenty-four hours after the intervention, shuttle box test was used to observe the learning and memory ability of rats.The Fe 2+ content in rat hippocampus tissue was detected by colorimetry, and the protein levels of ROCK2 and ferroptosis-related long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4(ACSL4) and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4) in hippocampus were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 20.0 software.One-way ANOVA was used for multigroup comparison, and LSD test was used for further pairwise comparison. Results:(1)In the shuttle box test, there were statistically significant differences in the number of avoidance reactions and avoidance reaction time of rats among the three groups( F=20.348, 22.316, both P<0.05). The number of avoidance reaction in SAH group was less than that in Sham group ((17.92±2.94) times, (27.13±3.48) times, P<0.05), the time of avoidance reaction in SAH group was longer than that in Sham group ((9.15±2.87) s, (3.68±1.09) s, P<0.05), while the number of avoidance reaction in FH group ((21.63±4.11) times) was more than that in SAH group, and the time of avoidance reaction ((6.08±1.76) s) was shorter than that in SAH group (both P<0.05). (2) The colorimetry results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the content of Fe 2+ in hippocampus of rats among the three groups( F=7.965, P<0.05). The Fe 2+ content in SAH group was significantly higher than that of Sham group((0.091±0.032) nmol/mg, (0.038±0.024) nmol/mg, P<0.05), and the Fe 2+ content in the FH group ((0.065±0.021) nmol/mg) was lower than that of SAH group ( P<0.05). (3) There were significant differences in the number of ROCK2, ACSL4 and GPX4 positive cells in hippocampus of rats among the three groups in immunohistochemistry ( F=7.602, 14.171, 36.077, all P<0.05). The positive cells of ROCK2 and ACSL4 in SAH group ((21.63±4.72), (55.13±19.41)) were significantly higher than those of Sham group ((11.63±3.62), (23.38±3.74)) (both P<0.05), and the positive cells of ROCK2 and ACSL4 in FH group ((15.88±6.64), (44.75±8.29)) were both lower than those of SAH group(both P<0.05), while the number of GPX4 positive cells in SAH group (25.38±6.30) was significantly lower than that of Sham group (60.25±10.36) ( P<0.05), and the number of GPX4 positive cells in FH group (45.13±7.51) was higher than that of SAH group( P<0.05). (4)The results of Western blot showed that there were significant differences in the expression levels of ROCK2, ACSL4 and GPX4 proteins in the hippocampus of rats among the three groups( F=4.812, 12.573, 10.849, all P<0.05). The protein expression levels of ROCK2 and ACSL4 in SAH group were significantly higher than those in Sham group(both P<0.05), and the protein expression levels of ROCK2 and ACSL4 in FH group were lower than those in SAH group (both P<0.05), while the expression level of GPX4 protein in SAH group (0.27±0.09) was significantly lower than that in Sham group( P<0.05), and the expression level of GPX4 protein in FH group was higher than that of SAH group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:FH can inhibit ferroptosis in the hippocampus and improve the learning and memory ability of rats, and the mechanism may be related with down-regulation of ROCK2 protein.

Preparation of sustained release microspheres containing extracts from Caulis sinomenii with polylactic acid and their release property in vitro / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To prepare polylactic acid microspheres containing total alkaloid extracts of Caulis sinomenii and study their release characteristics in vitro.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Polylactic acid microspheres containing total alkaloid extracts of C. sinomenii were prepared by O/W emulsification solvent-evaporation process. The microspheres were characterized in terms of morphology, encapsulation efficiency, and particle size distribution. The effect of different conditions on release property of microspheres was studied.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The formed microspheres were spherical with smooth surfaces. The encapsulation efficiency and rate of drug loading were (83.4 +/- 5.63)% and (8.7-0.35)%, respectively. The distribution of particle size was uniform and the average size was (21.5 +/- 1.22) microm. In vitro release study revealed that the 32-hour accumulative release percentage reached 80%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Polylactic acid microspheres containing total alkaloid extracts of C. sinomenii were prepared successfully. Microspheres with good sustained-release characteristics can be produced by controlling different process parameters.</p>

Design and fabrication of scaffolds in bone tissue engineering / 医疗卫生装备

It is now generally recognized that repairing of defect bones is one of the major issues in bone tissue engineering research.However,nowadays massive bone defect because of injury,infection or tumor removal has not been effectively solved in clinic.One of the key issues in bone tissue engineering is finding suitable biodegradable materials substitutes and scaffolds for seeding cells and guiding the subsequent growth of bone.The design and fabrication of bone tissue engineering scaffolds are overviewed as well as the development of the scaffold materials.