ABSTRACT
Psychogenic non-epilepsy seizures (PNES) are defined as paroxysms with clinical symptoms similar to epilepsy without epileptiform discharges. It is often misdiagnosed as epilepsy. Misdiagnosis not only delays the time for patients with PNES to get correct diagnoses and treatments, but also may increase the risk of adverse effects from improper use of antiseizure medications. The diagnostic method of PNES is video electroencephalogram monitoring, but there is no consensus on the optimal duration of monitoring. At the same time, the use of diverse physiological signals, brain imaging, laboratory examination, and the application of machine learning provide new perceptions for the precise identification of PNES and epilepsy. This article reviewed the progress of precise differential diagnosis between PNES and epilepsy.