Experimental study on abnormal expression of TPH2,DDC and MAO-A involved in depression-like behaviors of rats induced by CUS / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the role of tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH2),dopa-decarboxylase (DDC)and monoamine oxidase-A(MAO-A)in depression-like be-haviors induced by chronic unpredictable stress (CUS).Methods 30 male SD rats were randomly di-vided into model group(MG)and control group(CG). Rat depression model was developed by CUS for 28 consecutive days in a solitary condition.The depres-sion-like behaviors of rats were evaluated by open-field test(OFT)and forced-swimming test(FST).The real time PCR and Western blot test were used to determine the mRNA and protein expression of TPH2,DDC and MAO-A in rat telencephalon and hippocampus.Re-sults The movement scores of rats were obviously de-creased in OFT(P<0.01 ).The immobility time was obviously increased in FST (P <0.01 ).The mRNA and protein expressions of TPH2 and DDC were de-creased significantly (P <0.01,P <0.05 )and the MAO-A mRNA and protein expressions were increased significantly(P <0.01,P <0.05 )in telencephalon and hippocampus of MG rats, when compared with those in CG rats.Conclusion The TPH2,DDC and MAO-A in rat telencephalon and hippocampus were closely related with the depression-like behaviors of rats induced by CUS.

Down-regulation of monoamine neurotransmitter synthetase expression involved in CUS-induced depression of rats / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate whether chronically un-predictable stress (CUS)-induced depression-like be-haviors of rats is associated with the variant expression of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH)and tyrosine hydrox-ylase (TH).Methods 30 male SD rats were ran-domly divided into depression model group(MG)and control group (CG),the former was established using CUS plus solitary condition for 28 d,whereas the latter was fed normally as five rats per cage without CUS. The open field test(OFT)and the sucrose preference test were used to evaluate depressive behaviors.Both mRNA and protein expressions of TPH and TH in hip-pocampus and forebrain cortex were determined by re-al-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and western blot (WB),respectively.Results MG rats showed obvi-ous depressive behaviors with much lower locomotive activity and sucrose preference than CG.Meanwhile, the mRNA and protein expressions of TPH and TH also significantly decreased in MG rats,compared with CG rats.Conclusion The depression behaviors of rats in-duced by CUS may be associated with down-regulation of TPH and TH expression.

Function of CD4(+) CD25(+) regulatory T cells in Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis in children / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the levels and functions of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells and specific transcription factor Foxp3 and Th17 cells related cytokine in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and renal tissues, and explore their roles in pathogenesis of Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephropathy (HSPN) in children.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>From March, 2011 to March, 2013, 30 cases of HSPN children underwent renal biopsy and were treated in Guiyang Children's Hospital were enrolled into this study. Ten healthy children who underwent health check up were enrolled as blood sample control group. The normal kidney tissue specimens were taken from 5 children who underwent surgery for urologic disorders were used as renal sample control group. The circulating proportions of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells in PBMC of 30 cases of HSPN children and 10 cases of control group were determined by flow cytometry, respectively.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to analyze the mRNA expressions of IL-17, IL-1β and Foxp3 in PBMC. The expression of IL-17 and IL-1β in renal tissue of HSPN and control group were measured by immunohistochemistry. CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells, Foxp3, IL-17, IL-1β expression were analyzed and compared in HSPN group and control groups respectively.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Thirty cases of HSPN pathological classification were as follows: type I was found in 0 case; type II in 9 cases; type III in 16 cases; type IV in 5 cases; type V in 0 case. The circulating proportions of CD4(+)CD25(+)/CD4(+)T cells and the CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+)Treg/CD4(+)T cells level were (5.84 ± 0.78)%, (1.01 ± 0.46) % in HSPN groups were substantially lower than those in control group. All these two differences had statistical significance (t = 27.200, 33.260, P < 0.05). The mRNA levels of IL-17, IL-1β in HSPN groups (0.86 ± 0.01,0.71 ± 0.01) were higher than those in control group (t = 25.000, 31.840, all P < 0.05). Foxp3 mRNA expression in HSPN groups (0.24 ± 0.02) were significantly lower than those in control group (t = 21.690, P < 0.05). Protein expression of IL-17 and IL-1β in renal tissues of HSPN children (13.31 ± 0.54, 11.56 ± 0.28) were significantly stronger than those in the control group (t = 27.6, 14.0, all P < 0.01). The highest level of protein expression of IL-17 and IL-1β in renal biopsy of HSPN was in type IV (IV>III>II, F = 545.800, 262.500, all P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The disorder of quantity and function of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells, and increase in levels of IL-17, IL-1β (cytokine related to Th17 cells) may play important roles in pathogenesis of HSPN in children; increased protein expression of IL-17, IL-1β in renal tissue may contribute to the development of renal pathological damage in HSPN children.</p>

Improving oxidative stress response and reversing abnormal expression of hippocampus NET and 5-HTT involved in anti-depressive effect of venlafaxine / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate if anti-depressive effect of venlafaxine was associated with improving oxi-dative stress and expression of hippocampus NET and 5-HTT in rat model induced by CUS. MethodsEighty SD male rats were randomly divided into four groups:model group(MG),normal group(NG), ven-lafaxine-treated normal group ( VNG ) , and venlafax-ine-treated model group ( VMG) . VNG and VMG were given venlafaxine (23. 4 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 ) once daily;NG and MG were given the same volume solvent. Soli-tary condition with chronic unpredicted stress ( CUS ) was taken to establish rat depression model. The force swimming test was used to evaluate the behavior chan-ges of experimental rats. The malondialdehyde ( MDA) level and activity of superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) in serum were determined by biochemical methods. The mRNA and protein expressions of NET and 5-HTT in hippocampus were determined by Real-Time Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( real-time RT-PCR) and Western blot ( WB) , respectively. Results Compared with NG rats, obviously increasing immo-bile time of rats in force swimming test and serum MDA level, as well as significantly decreasing SOD activity in serum was observed with clearly decreasing 5-HTT expression and elevating NET expression in hippocam-pus of MG rats. The treatment of venlafaxine distinctly suppressed changes above from CUS-induced rats. However, significant changes failed to be found in VNG rats. Conclusion The anti-depressive effect of venlafaxine may at least partly involve in improving ox-idative stress/anti-oxidative stress balance and revers-ing abnormal expression of NET and 5-HTT.

Determination of Terbutaline Sulfate and Its Combination with β_2 Adrenergic Receptor in Erythrocyte Membrane by High Performance Liquid Chromatography / 分析化学

A high performance liquid chromatographic method with hypersil C_(18) column, 0.020 mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution(which contains 0.25% triethylamine, pH 5.1)-methanol(20∶ 80, V/V) as mobile phase and fluorescence detection with 280 nm as excitation wavelength and 320 nm as emission wavelength has been developed for the determination of terbutaline sulfate and propranolol hydrochloride in Erythrocyte suspensions. Erythrocyte surface receptor oscillating reacted 1 h with terbutaline in 37 ℃ water bath. Free terbutaline and propranolol were separated from the membrane receptor-binding complex through 1500 r/min centrifugal in 5 min. The linear range was 0.010-3.000 mg/L in Alsever's solutions and the correlation coefficients were 0.9999 and 0.9998. The relative standard deviations(RSDs) of terbutaline and propranolol were 0.8% and 1.2%, respectively. The limits of detection(LODs) of both were 1.00 and 3.00 mg/L. This simple, safety and sensitive method was suitable for the determination of terbutaline and propranolol in erythrocyte suspensions and for the study of receptor-ligand binding.

Content Determination of Oxaliplatin in Oxaliplatin Liposome by HPLC / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To establish an HPLC method for the content determination of oxaliplatin in Oxaliplatin liposome. METHODS:The separation was performed on Hypersil C18(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m) column with methanol-water(5 ∶ 95,V/V) as mobile phase at flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1. The detection wavelength was set at 250 nm and column temperature was 30 ℃. RESULTS:The linear range of oxaliplatin was 12.2～122.0 ?g.mL-1(n=5,r=0.999 9) with an average recovery of 98.58%(RSD=1.83%). The limit of detection(LOD) was 97.6 ng?mL-1. CONCLUSION:The method is simple,sensitive and accurate for the content determination of oxaliplatin in Oxaliplatin liposome.

Study of Pharmacy Elective to Medical Student / 中华医学教育探索杂志

It is necessary to medical student to take the elective course of pharmacy.This paper put forward several viewpoints and concrete methods about teaching methods,means and contents of elective course of pharmacy.