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The surgeons must not lack humanistic spirit,and the cultivation of their humanistic qualities needs to be started from medical students and take the infiltration of surgery teaching as the path.In the teaching of clini-cal surgery,it should change educational concept,set the course rationally,and enhance the practice education,so as to help medical students to sense and understand humanistic spirit,establish the concept of care and promote the humanistic qualities.
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Objective To study the releasing properties and mechanism in vitro of the active ingredients of the gastric floating sustained-release tablet containning Zuojin Pellet extraction(ZJ-GFST).Methods The release rates of berberine,palmatine,evodiamine,and rutaecarpine from ZJ-GFST in vitro within 8 h were measured by using rotating basket method in Chinese Pharmacopeia.The cumulative curve of drug release data was fitted to zero order,first-order and Higuchi equation to ascertain the kinetic modeling of drug release.Release mechanism was ascertained using Peppas equation.Results The similar factors of the cumulative release curve of all the four ingredients mutually compared were more than 80%,indicating that the release of the four ingredients were similar.The cumulative release rate of all the four ingredients fitted Higuchi equation.The value of slopes of Peppas models of all the four ingredients were more than 0.45,indicating that drug released by concurrent action of diffusion and matrix erode(non-fickian diffusion).Conclusion The releasing properties in vitro of the active ingredients of ZJ-GFST is consistent.
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Objective To study the quality standard of Folium Nelumbinis.Methods Flavonoids of Folium Nelumbinis were identified by TLC.The extraction conditions of flavonoids was studied and the content of total flavonoids was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry .Results Quercetin in Folium Nelumbinis was identified by TLC.The optimal extraction conditions were defined and the content of total flavonoids was about 13 %.Conclusion This method is simple and convenient, and is feasible for the quantitative determination of Folium Nelumbinis.
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AIM: To study preparation of strychnine solid liposome. METHODS: Sorbitol carrier aggradation method and freeze drying method were used to prepare strychnine solid liposomes. They were evaluated by particle morphology, the size range, resolvable peculiarity in the water, encapsulation efficiency. RESULTS: The particles of liposome by sorbitol carrier aggradation method were less than that by freeze drying method, and its encapsulation efficiency was higher than that by freeze drying method. CONCLUSION: Sorbitol carrier aggradation method is better than freeze drying method.
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AIM: To select optimum purification of Qingluotongbi decoction (Caulis Sinomenii etc.). METHODS: Qingluotongbi decoction was refined respectively by ceramic membrane microfiltration, ultrafiltration, alcohol sedimentation, high speed centrifugalization, flocculation and macroporous resin absorption. Their refining effect was compared according to indexes of color, clarity, loss rate of sinomenine, removal ratio of impurity. RESULTS: All kinds of purification made decoction light and clear. Removal ratio of impurity by macroporous resin absorption was the highest and reached 80% or more. Removal ratio of impurity by ceramic membrane microfiltration was 21.17% , less than that by alcohol sedimentation or ultrafiltration, but more than that by flocculation and centrifugalization. Loss rate of sinomenine by AB 8 type macroporous resin absorption was the lowest and reached 6.39% , and that by ceramic membrane microfiltration was 15.31% , less than that by ultrafiltration, alcohol sedimentation, centrifugalization and flocculation. The chromatogram of decoction disposed by macroporous resin was different from that of decoction unsettled, but that disposed by ceramic membrane was similar to that of decoction unsettled. CONCLUSION: The technique of ceramic membrane microfiltration is optimum purification of Qingluotongbi decoction with the virtues of moderate removal ratio of impurity, small amount lose rate of sinomenine and simple process.
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AIM:To study the influence of material and configuration of microfiltration membranes on preparation of mono-ammonium glycyrrhizinate liposome(MGL) by membrane extrusion. METHODS: MGL were preparated by conventional rotary-evaporated film dispersion method and sonication,and MGL were extruding through 9 kinds of microfiltration membranes with 3 kinds of aperture specs of 0.1,0.2,0.45 ?m.The methods were evaluated by the filtration efficiency and the leakage rate of drug from liposomes. RESULTS: MGL were easily extruding through microfiltration membranes of NY6,PTFE,PVDF,PP and PC.MGL could not extruding through microfiltration membranes of PES,CN,CA and CA-CN.MGL become hardly to extrude through microfiltration membranes when increasing in the concentration of liposomes or the content of cholesterol.The leakage rate of drug from MGL was small when extruding through microfiltration membranes. CONCLUSION: The material and configuration of microfiltration membranes can remarkably influence the preparation of MGL by membrane extrusion method,and PC microfiltration membrane was selected.
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AIM: To preparate brucine liposome. METHODS: Brucine liposomes were preparated by a combination of ammonium sulfate transmembrane gradients method and extrusion through microfiltration membranes.The methods were evaluated by particle morphology,the size range,and encapsulation efficiency. RESULTS: The optimal preparating process parameters of brucine nanometer liposome were lecithin-to-cholesterin ratio of 100∶15,the volume of 0.1 mol/L of water solution of ammonium sulfate being 66.7 times as large as lecithin,the volume of brucine being 0.0167 times than lecithin,the temperature and the time of incubating being 40 ℃ and 20 min,respectively.The encapsulation efficiency of this method was over 90%. CONCLUSION: Preparation of brucine liposomes by a combination of ammonium sulfate transmembrane gradients method and extrusion through microfiltration membranes is feasible.