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OBJECTIVES@#This study aimed to construct the finite element model of the mandibular first molar with the invisible appliance and explore the dentition movement characteristics of the mandibular first molar when using micro-implant anchorage and different initial positions of the first molar.@*METHODS@#Models of the mandible, tooth, periodontal membrane, and invisible appliance were constructed using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) data. The two groups were divided into the non-anchorage group and the micro-implant group (between the roots of the first molar and the second molar) based on whether the elastic traction of the micro-implant was assisted or not. The two groups were divided into the following conditions based on the starting position of the first molar: Working condition 1: the distance between the first molar and the second premolar was 0 mm; working condition 2: the distance between the first molar and the second premolar was 1 mm; working condition 3: the distance between the first molar and the second premolar was 2 mm; working condition 4: the distance between the first molar and the second premolar was 3 mm. The data characte-ristics of total displacement and displacement in each direction of dentition were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#In the non-ancho-rage group, all the other teeth showed reverse movement except for the first molar which was moved distally. Meanwhile, in the micro-implant group, except for a small amount of mesial movement of the second molar in wor-king condition 1, the whole dentition in other working conditions presented distal movement and anterior teeth showed lingual movement, among which the distal displacement of the first molar in working condition 4 was the largest. With the change of the initial position of the first molar to the distal, the movement of the first molar to the distal, the premolar to the mesial, and the anterior to the lip increased, while the movement of the second molar to the mesial decreased.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The micro-implant can effectively protect the anterior anchorage, increase the expression rate of molar distancing, and avoid the round-trip movement of the second molar. The initial position of the first molar movement is related to the amount of distancing and the remaining tooth movement.
Subject(s)
Finite Element Analysis , Molar , Bicuspid , Periodontal Ligament , Tooth Movement Techniques/methods , Orthodontic Appliances, RemovableABSTRACT
Trollius chinensis has a wide range of pharmacological effects ，including anti-oxidative ，antibacterial，antiviral， anti-inflammatory，anti-tumor，anti-aging，antipyretic and analgesic effects ，relieving cough and removing phlegm ，viscera protection，and so on. Flavonoids and phenolic acids are the main medicinal components of it ，especially three monomers have a wide range of efficacy and have been studied more ，such as orientin ，vitexin and 2″-O-galactopyranosyl orientin. T. chinensis is mostly used in clinical practice in the form of Chinese patent medicines ，such as Jinlianhua granules ，Jinlianhua capsules ， Jinlianhua tablets and Jinlianhua oral liquid. These medicines are used to treatment of upper respiratory tract infection ，pharyngitis， tonsillitis，periodontitis，mumps，oral ulcer ，and hand-foot-mouth disease. They are usually used by combining with Western medicine. Due to its definite curative effect and less adverse drug reactions ，T. chinensis related preparations are more suitable for pediatric population ，and they can be used for the treatment of upper respiratory tract infection in children ，acute suppurative tonsillitis in children ，epidemic mumps in children ，hand-foot-mouth disease in children ，which is also one of its drug characteristics. This paper review the relevant literatures in recent 20 years from the respective of pharmacological effects and clinical applicationin order to provide reference for further promoting rational clinical application of T. chinensis and new drug research and development.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of compound sophora flavescens injection on T helper cells 17 (Th17), regulatory T-cells (Treg cells) and the related cytokines in lung cancer patients with cirrhosis.Methods:A total of 63 patients with early non-small cell lung cancer and cirrhosis in Shouguang People's Hospital of Shandong Province from January 2016 to January 2018 were selected. All patients were scheduled to undergo surgical treatment. The patients were randomly divided into observation group (33 cases) and control group (30 cases) according to the random number table method. The patients in the control group were treated with liver protection, and the patients in the observation group were given compound sophora flavescens on the basis of the control group. After 3 months of treatment, the changes of liver fibrosis index, the levels of Th17 and Treg cells in peripheral blood and the changes of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-17, IL-6, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in serum were compared between the two groups.Results:After treatment, the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of 15 cases (45.45%) in the observation group were normalized and 6 cases (20.00%) in the control group were normalized. There was a significant difference in ALT normalization rate between the two groups ( P < 0.05). The levels of serum laminin (LN) and hyaluronic acid (HA) in the two groups after treatment were lower than those before treatment (all P < 0.05), and the serum LN [(156.74±30.52) ng/ml] and HA [(179.56±25.32) ng/ml] in the observation group after treatment was lower than those in the control group [(210.58±39.42) ng/ml and (203.75±28.79) ng/ml] (t values were 18.236 and 12.184, both P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the level changes of type Ⅲ procollagen and type Ⅳ collagen between the two groups before and after treatment (all P > 0.05). After treatment, the levels of Th17 and Th17/Treg increased and the level of Treg cells decreased (all P < 0.05). After treatment, the levels of Th17 [(1.32±0.18)%] and Th17/Treg (0.23±0.04) in the observation group were higher than those in the control group [(1.21±0.17)% and 0.20±0.03] (t values were 3.201 and 1.087, both P < 0.01), while the level of Treg cells in the observation group was lower than that in the control group ( P < 0.05). After treatment, the serum levels of IL-10, IL-17, IL-6, and TGF-β in the two groups were lower than those before treatment (all P < 0.05), and their levels in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (all P < 0.05). Conclusion:Compound sophora flavescens injection can improve the liver function and fibrosis index of patients with lung cancer and cirrhosis, and it can regulate the levels of Th17, Treg cells and their related factors, which can be used as a clinical adjuvant.
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Objective@#To analyze the etiology and epidemiological characteristics of gastroenteritis virus in foodborne diseases from three cities in Shandong.@*Methods@#From January to December 2017, six sentinel hospitals in Jinan, Yantai and Linyi city of Shandong Province were selected as the research sites. Stool samples of 1 397 diarrhea patients were collected, as well as basic information and clinical symptoms. Duplex quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect Norovirus genogroupⅠ (Nov GⅠ) and genogroupⅡ (Nov GⅡ), Sapovirus (SAV) and Human astrovirus (HAstV), respectively, quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect group A Rotavirus (RVA), and quantitative PCR was used to detect Enteric adenovirus (EAdV). The specific gene of the virus were sequenced and typed. It was compared that the gastroenteritis virus rate in cases with different characteristics and the clinical symptoms difference between the virus positive and negative cases.@*Results@#The median age (P25, P75) was 23 (1, 42) , mainly male, 57.48% with 803 cased and children under 5 years old, 36.36% with 508 cases. The positive rate of gastroenteritis virus was 33.93% (474 cases), and that of Jinan, Linyi and Yantai City were 32.03% (147/459), 41.54% (189/455) and 28.57% (138/483), respectively (P<0.001). Nov GⅡ had the highest positive rate, 16.54% (231 cases), which, mainly GⅡ.P16/GⅡ.2 (48.28%, 56/116), peaked in May (24.75%, 50/202) and June (19.59%, 38/194). In patients of gastroenteritis virus positive, 44.51% (211/474) had vomiting symptoms, higher than that of patients of gastroenteritis virus negative (34.13%, 315/923). The difference was statistically significant (P<0.001).@*Conclusion@#In Shandong Province, the majority of gastroenteritis patients were male and children under 5 years old. Nov GⅡ possessed highest epidemic intensity, and peaked in spring and summer. Viral gastroenteritis had atypical clinical symptoms.
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Objective@#To investigate the effect of compound sophora flavescens injection on T helper cells 17 (Th17), regulatory T-cells (Treg cells) and the related cytokines in lung cancer patients with cirrhosis.@*Methods@#A total of 63 patients with early non-small cell lung cancer and cirrhosis in Shouguang People's Hospital of Shandong Province from January 2016 to January 2018 were selected. All patients were scheduled to undergo surgical treatment. The patients were randomly divided into observation group (33 cases) and control group (30 cases) according to the random number table method. The patients in the control group were treated with liver protection, and the patients in the observation group were given compound sophora flavescens on the basis of the control group. After 3 months of treatment, the changes of liver fibrosis index, the levels of Th17 and Treg cells in peripheral blood and the changes of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-17, IL-6, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in serum were compared between the two groups.@*Results@#After treatment, the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of 15 cases (45.45%) in the observation group were normalized and 6 cases (20.00%) in the control group were normalized. There was a significant difference in ALT normalization rate between the two groups (P < 0.05). The levels of serum laminin (LN) and hyaluronic acid (HA) in the two groups after treatment were lower than those before treatment (all P < 0.05), and the serum LN [(156.74±30.52) ng/ml] and HA [(179.56±25.32) ng/ml] in the observation group after treatment was lower than those in the control group [(210.58±39.42) ng/ml and (203.75±28.79) ng/ml] (t values were 18.236 and 12.184, both P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the level changes of type Ⅲ procollagen and type Ⅳ collagen between the two groups before and after treatment (all P > 0.05). After treatment, the levels of Th17 and Th17/Treg increased and the level of Treg cells decreased (all P < 0.05). After treatment, the levels of Th17 [(1.32±0.18)%] and Th17/Treg (0.23±0.04) in the observation group were higher than those in the control group [(1.21±0.17)% and 0.20±0.03] (t values were 3.201 and 1.087, both P < 0.01), while the level of Treg cells in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the serum levels of IL-10, IL-17, IL-6, and TGF-β in the two groups were lower than those before treatment (all P < 0.05), and their levels in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (all P < 0.05).@*Conclusion@#Compound sophora flavescens injection can improve the liver function and fibrosis index of patients with lung cancer and cirrhosis, and it can regulate the levels of Th17, Treg cells and their related factors, which can be used as a clinical adjuvant.
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Objective To evaluate the efficacy of the flexible laser endotracheal intubation light-wand device in guiding tracheal intubation in pediatric patients. Methods Ninety pediatric patients of both sexes, aged 4-8 yr, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical statusⅠor Ⅱ, scheduled for elec-tive surgery under general anesthesia requiring oral tracheal intubation, were divided into 2 groups ( n=45 each) using a random number table method: flexible laser endotracheal intubation lightwand device group ( group A) and direct laryngoscope group ( group B) . After induction of anesthesia, orotracheal intubation was carried out with a flexible laser endotracheal intubation lightwand device in group A or with a direct la-ryngoscope in group B. The development of hypertension and tachycardia during intubation, intubation time, and rate of successful intubation were recorded. The development of complications such as sore throat, hoarseness, aphonia and dysphagia was recorded at 24 h after surgery. Results Compared with group B, no significant change was found in the total rate of successful intubation ( P>0. 05) , the rate of successful intubation at first attempt was significantly increased, incubation time was shortened, and the in-cidence of hypertension and tachycardia during intubation and sore throat after surgery was decreased in group A ( P<0. 05) . Conclusion The flexible laser endotracheal intubation lightwand device produces bet-ter efficacy in guiding tracheal intubation when compared with direct laryngoscope in pediatric patients.
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Objective@#To explore age-based clinical and immune parameters in Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) to determine clinically useful markers reflecting disease characteristic.@*Methods@#A cohort of 502 patients with HSP were enrolled into this retrospective study to evaluate their clinical and immune data.@*Results@#Majority HSP cases occurred at age ≤14 years and showed significant immune imbalances of ESR, CD3+ cells, CD4+ cells, CD3-CD16+CD56+ cells, CD4+/CD8+ cells, IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, complements C3/C4 and ASO in the acute phase. Compared to patients aged >14 years, symptoms of joint were more frequent at disease onset in patients aged ≤14 years (20.8% vs 7.6%, χ2=13.547, P<0.001) , and involvement of digestive tract and joint were also more frequent (57.4% vs 33.8%, χ2=24.106, P<0.001; 55.9% vs 32.5%, χ2=23.768, P<0.001, respectively) , but not for involvement of kidney (21.4% vs 51.3%, χ2=42.440, P<0.001) . The patients aged ≤14 years had distinct immune state, reductions of CD3+ cells, CD4+ cells and IgG were more frequent than patients aged >14 years, also increase of ASO (33.1% vs 20.0%, χ2=6.656, P=0.010) , but not increase of IgA (2.6% vs 39.4%, χ2=15.582, P<0.001) . In addition, reduction of IgG and increase of IgE were positively associated with digestive tract involvement (P<0.001, P=0.001, respectively) , reduction of CD3+CD4+ cells and normal IgM were positively associated with joint involvement (P=0.004, P=0.003, respectively) , increase of CD3+CD8+ cells and normal CD3+ cells were positively associated with kidney involvement (P=0.032, P=0.014, respectively) .@*Conclusion@#HSP showed significant immune imbalance in the acute phase, patients between aged ≤14 and >14 years had distinct clinical and immune characteristic, and abnormal immune parameters were significantly associated with organ involvements.
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Objective To explore the role of resveratrol (RES) on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy of rat induced by isoproternol (ISO) and the effect of Res on the expression of GRP78 and GRP94 in endoplasmic reticulum stress of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.Methods Hypertrophic model of cardiomyocytes was induced by ISO.Cardiomyocytes was divided into four group: control group, the model group, RES+ISO group and RES group.Hypertrophy status of cardiomyocytes was determined by Leica 2Q500 image analysis system measuring the cell surface area and the gene expression of ANP.The content of LDH and MDA was measured in different groups, and the protein expressions of GRP78 and GRP94 were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with control group, ISO induced cardiomyocytes hypertrophy, endoplasmic reticulum stress related factors GRP78 and GRP94 protein expression were increased, compared with ISO group, RES intervention effectively suppressed the cardiomyocytes hyper-trophy induced by ISO, reduced the protein expression of GRP78 and GRP94, at the same time, reduced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) release in cell medium.Conclusions Treatment of RES may protect cardiomyocytes hypertrophy, which is partially mediated by inhibiting the expression of ERS factors GRP78 and GRP94.
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Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of Kuntai Capsule (KC) on premature ovarian failure in rats.Methods Totally 40 SD female rats were randomly divided into four groups:control group,model group,Kuntai Capsule (KC) group and conjugated estrogens tablets (CET) group.The premature ovarian failure model in rats was made by ig administration of 75 mg/kg tripterygium.After the model was established,rats were continually treated with 0.6 and 0.625 g/kg of KC and CET respectively by ig administration for 36 d.HE staining was used to observe the morphology of ovary and count the number of follicle.The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa) method was used for the detection of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH),luteinizing hormone (LH),serum estradiol (E2),and anti-Mueller tube hormone (AMH) level.The real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) method was used to detect the mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF).Results Compared with control group,the number of primordial follicles,preantral follicles and antral follicles were significantly reduced,the number of atretic follicles was increased (P ＜ 0.05),E2 and AMH significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05),FSH and LH levels increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05),and the levels of VEGF and bFGF mRNA in model group were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with model group,the number of primordial follicles,preantral follicles,and antral follicles were significantly increased,the number of atretic follicles was significantly reduced (P ＜ 0.05),E2 and AMH significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05),FSH and LH levels significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05),and the levels of VEGF and bFGF mRNA in KC group were significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion By regulating the level of hormone and up-regulating the expression of VEGF and bFGF,KC can repair the damaged ovarian tissue and promote the growth and development of the follicle,so as to inhibit the premature exhaustion of mRNA.
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Objective To explore the effect of flexible laser endotracheal intubation optical device (patent number 201520785723.7) on oral and maxillofacial intubation operations. Methods Forty-two patients with the oral and maxillofacial intubation optical device for general anesthesia were included in this study. The patients were from 16 to 73 years old and ASAⅠ-Ⅱ. Surface anesthesia was prepared for airway and nasal cavity. There were 27 patients whose mouth opening were smaller than 3 cm. After intravenous injection of midazolam 0.05 mg/kg and sufentanil 0.2μg/kg, reinforced endotracheal tube was inserted into throat 13-15 cm, then the probe shape to 120° and optical device were placed into the tube respectively, guided the tube according to the light spot in front of neck. There were 15 patients whose mouth opening were not smaller than 3 cm. The quick guidance optical device and larygoscope were adopted to help the intubation. After intravenous injection of midazolam 0.05 mg/kg, sufentanil 0.5 μg/kg, propofol 2 mg/kg, cisatracurium 0.2 mg/kg, the reinforced endotracheal tube was inserted into the oral cavity nasally, and completed intubation with laryngoscope. The success rate of intubation, time of intubation, the real-time blood pressure before and after intubation, heart rate and related complications were recorded before intubation and after intubation. Results In the 42 patients, 41 patients were successful for guidance intubation, and the success rate of intubation was about 97.6%. The average intubation time was(124.5±38.2) seconds. The shortest intubation time was 12 seconds and the longest was 276 seconds. During intubation, the increases of blood pressure and heart rate were in the normal range (<30%). Levels of SpO2 were maintained at 0.92-1.00. All the patients were without agitation. There were no serious complications such as hoarseness and pharyngalgia after operation.Conclusion The flexible laser endotracheal intubation optical device can be used quickly for oral and maxillofacial intubation, and the 45° bevel design for optical device can form two kinds of zones with bright light upward and downward. It is a new tool for nasal intubation that is more convenient for location of light guidance, and has high success rate and small stimulation.
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Objective To investiGate the effect of quit smokinG combine with respiratory rehabilitation traininG for quality of life of elderly severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease( COPD patients. Methods One hundred and fifty patients with smokinG history in hospitalized patients with severe COPD were divided into treatment Group( n=75 )and control Group( n =75 ). The patients in control Group were treated with reGular treatment,and in treatment Group were added with quittinG smokinG. Before treatment and 3 months after treatment,6 minutes walk test(6 MWT)distance was measured. The patients in treament Group who quit smokinG sucessful and whose Gener and aGe consistent with them in control Group were both Given respiratory rehabilitation traininG,and 6 MWT distance was measured after 3 months aGain. Results There was statistical siGnificant diference between treatment Group and control Group in term of 6 MWT distance at the first intervetion after 3 months((463. 0±37. 4)m vs.(4ll. 0±4l. 6)m,P<0. 05). There were 38 cases quit smokinG sucessfully in smokinG cessation intervention Group. After rehabilitation traininG,6 MWT distance were increased in smokinG cessation sucessful Group and control Group,and the difference was statistical siGnificant(( 497. 0 ±25. 6 )m, (456. 0±47. 5)m,P<0. 05). Conclusion SmokinG cessation intervention can increase the exercise tolerance of COPD patients,and joint with respiratory rehabilitation traininG can further more improve the exercise tolerance of COPD patients,so that to improve their quality of life.