ABSTRACT
This paper summarized professor WANG Xinlu's experience in clinical application of hongjingtian （Radix et Rhizoma Rhodiolae Crenulatae）. It is believed that hongjingtian is good at boosting qi and supplementing deficiency， moving qi and resolving constraint， invigorating blood and unblocking vessels， which can be widely used in various diseases caused by qi-blood disorders such as qi deficiency， qi constraint， and blood stasis. Hongjingtian is commonly used with jixueteng （Caulis Spatholobi） to boost qi and nourish blood， invigorate blood and unblock vessels， and together with yuzhizi （Fructus Akebiae） to regulate qi and invigorate blood， dissolve stasis and dissipate masses. According to the specific symptoms， hongjingtian can be flexibly combined with other medicinal herbs to prepare different experienced formulas， such as self-made Sanhong Yangxin Decoction （三红养心汤） for palpitation with qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome， self-made Anfei Dingchuan Decoction （安肺定喘汤） for exacerbation of asthma with deficiency syndrome， self-made Honghu Jieyu Decoction （红胡解郁汤） for constraint syndrome of qi constraint and blood stasis， and self-made Shexue Chudian Decoction （摄血除癜汤） for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura with qi deficiency failing to contain syndrome. For severe cases of coronavirus disease 2019 （COVID-19） with qi-yin desertion syndrome， hongjingtian is commonly used together with modified Shengmai Powder and Tingli Dazao Xiefei Decoction （生脉散合葶苈大枣泻肺汤）， and for those with yang qi external desertion syndrome， hongjingtian combined with shanyurou （Fructus Corni） and Shenfu Decoction （参附汤） is recommended. Moreover， long COVID-19 with healthy qi deficiency and pathogen lingering syndrome can be treated with self-made Xinguan Fuyu Decoction （新冠复愈汤）.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To analyze the risk factors of frequent gout flare, and to evaluate its susceptibility to identify patients with≥2 acute attacks per year.@*Methods@#A total of 579 of cases gout patients with no history of taking urate lowering treatment (ULT) in recent 12 months were enrolled. The patients were divided into frequent group (gout episodes≥twice per year) and non-frequent group(gout attacks<twice per year). The clinical information was collected and relevant biochemical indices were detected.@*Results@#There were significant differences in involvement of upper limb joints, tophi, combining hypertension and renal stone between two groups. The two groups had no statistical differences in family history, gender, history of smoking and drinking, ratios of regular exercise, and combining diabetes, hepatic insufficiency, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, and overweight/obesity. There was significant differences in the number of joints involved, the history of disease duration, the level of SUA and TG[(4.66±2.54) vs (2.77±1.64), (6.68±5.11) vs (5.14±3.89) years, (525.82±132.11) vs (489.33±139.81) μmol/L, (2.51±1.94) vs (2.05±1.22) mmol/L, P<0.05 or P<0.01]; There were no statistical differences in age of onset, SBP, DBP, age of initial diagnosis, fasting blood glucose, TC, creatinine, glomerular filtration rate, AST, ALT, body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio. Logistic regression analysis indicated that a large number of joints involved and higher serum uric acid level were risk factors of frequent gout attacks. The ROC curve showed that the number of joints involved had qualified performance in identifying patients with frequent gout attacks. When the number of joints involved was >2, and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 77.8%, 43.3%, 85.6%, and 56.6%, respectively, and the difference was significant.@*Conclusion@#Higher SUA and a larger number of joints involved associate independently with frequent gout attacks. The number of joints involved at initial diagnosis>2, which can predict the frequent flare, and start ULT as earlier as possible. Patients with joints involved at initial diagnosis>2 are at greater risk of frequent gout flare.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze the risk factors of frequent gout flare, and to evaluate its susceptibility to identify patients with≥2 acute attacks per year.Methods:A total of 579 of cases gout patients with no history of taking urate lowering treatment (ULT) in recent 12 months were enrolled. The patients were divided into frequent group (gout episodes≥twice per year) and non-frequent group(gout attacks<twice per year). The clinical information was collected and relevant biochemical indices were detected.Results:There were significant differences in involvement of upper limb joints, tophi, combining hypertension and renal stone between two groups. The two groups had no statistical differences in family history, gender, history of smoking and drinking, ratios of regular exercise, and combining diabetes, hepatic insufficiency, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, and overweight/obesity. There was significant differences in the number of joints involved, the history of disease duration, the level of SUA and TG[(4.66±2.54) vs (2.77±1.64), (6.68±5.11) vs (5.14±3.89) years, (525.82±132.11) vs (489.33±139.81) μmol/L, (2.51±1.94) vs (2.05±1.22) mmol/L, P<0.05 or P<0.01]; There were no statistical differences in age of onset, SBP, DBP, age of initial diagnosis, fasting blood glucose, TC, creatinine, glomerular filtration rate, AST, ALT, body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio. Logistic regression analysis indicated that a large number of joints involved and higher serum uric acid level were risk factors of frequent gout attacks. The ROC curve showed that the number of joints involved had qualified performance in identifying patients with frequent gout attacks. When the number of joints involved was >2, and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 77.8%, 43.3%, 85.6%, and 56.6%, respectively, and the difference was significant. Conclusion:Higher SUA and a larger number of joints involved associate independently with frequent gout attacks. The number of joints involved at initial diagnosis>2, which can predict the frequent flare, and start ULT as earlier as possible. Patients with joints involved at initial diagnosis>2 are at greater risk of frequent gout flare.
ABSTRACT
Formation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network requires homotypic membrane fusion, which involves a class of atlastin (ATL) GTPases. Purified Drosophila ATL is capable of mediating vesicle fusion in vitro, but such activity has not been reported for any other ATLs. Here, we determined the preliminary crystal structure of the cytosolic segment of Drosophila ATL in a GDP-bound state. The structure reveals a GTPase domain dimer with the subsequent three-helix bundles associating with their own GTPase domains and pointing in opposite directions. This conformation is similar to that of human ATL1, to which GDP and high concentrations of inorganic phosphate, but not GDP only, were included. Drosophila ATL restored ER morphology defects in mammalian cells lacking ATLs, and measurements of nucleotide-dependent dimerization and GTPase activity were comparable for Drosophila ATL and human ATL1. However, purified and reconstituted human ATL1 exhibited no in vitro fusion activity. When the cytosolic segment of human ATL1 was connected to the transmembrane (TM) region and C-terminal tail (CT) of Drosophila ATL, the chimera still exhibited no fusion activity, though its GTPase activity was normal. These results suggest that GDP-bound ATLs may adopt multiple conformations and the in vitro fusion activity of ATL cannot be achieved by a simple collection of functional domains.