ABSTRACT
This study was aimed to review literatures on the treatment of metrorrhagia and metrostaxis using acupuncture and moxibustion in recent 30 years.Database retrieval on literatures using acupuncture and moxibustion for treating metrorrhagia and metrostaxis was carried out.Statistical methods,such as frequency distribution and cluster analysis were employed in terms of frequently used medians,acupoints and methods.The results showed that there were a total of @@65 articles included in this study.The frequently used methods were acupuncture,moxibustion and auricular acupuncture.The frequently used meridians were the Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin,the Ren meridian,the Bladder Meridians of Foot-Taiyang,and the auricular acupoints.The frequently used acupoints were related with the liver,spleen and kidney.Most acupoints were the meeting acupoints.Selections of auricular acupoints were related to the combination of disease differentiation and syndrome differentiation.The frequently used acupoints were clustered into four groups.Different group reflected different acupoint selection laws.Group 1,such as SP-6 (Sanyinjiao) and SP1 (Yinbai),circling along the Spleen Meridian,had effect on tonifying the spleen and kidney,nourishing blood,preventing bleeding and regulating menstruation.Group 2,such as RN-4 (Guanyuan) and ST-36 (Zusanli),in the upper and lower positions,were used for nourishing qi and blood.Group 3 and group 4 were mostly auricular acupoints,acupuncture and moxibustion in combination with syndrome differentiation.Group 3 had the effect on notifying kidney yin,reinforcing the spleen,regulating Chong and Ren meridian.Group 4 played a role in tonifying the kidney,activating blood,and soothing liver qi.It was concluded that the study on quantitative analysis of literatures on the treatment of metrorrhagia and metrostaxis using statistical method had inspirational effect on clinical treatment in terms of acupoint selection and combination.
ABSTRACT
Human tumor necrosis factor alpha (hTNFalpha), a pleiotropic cytokine with activities ranging from host defense mechanisms in infection and injury to severe toxicity in septic shock or other related diseases, is a promising target for drug screening. Using the SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) process, we isolated oligonucleotide ligands (aptamers) with high affinities for hTNFalpha. Aptamers were selected from a starting pool of 40 randomized sequences composed of about 10(15) RNA molecules. Representative aptamers were truncated to the minimal length with high affinity for hTNFalpha and were further modified by replacement of 2'-OH with 2'-F and 2'-NH2 at all ribopurine positions. These modified RNA aptamers were resistant to nuclease. The specificity of these aptamers for hTNFalpha was confirmed, and their activity to inhibit the cytotoxicity of hTNFalpha on mouse L929 cells was determined. Results demonstrated that four 2'-NH2-modified aptamers bound to hTNFalpha with high affinity and blocked the binding of hTNFalpha to its receptor, thus protecting the L929 cells from the cytotoxicity of hTNFalpha. Oligonucleotide aptamers described here are potential therapeutics and diagnostics for hTNFalpha-related diseases.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , Base Pairing , Base Sequence , Binding Sites , Cells, Cultured , Ligands , Oligonucleotides , Genetics , Pharmacology , RNA , Genetics , Pharmacology , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , GeneticsABSTRACT
Aim To prepare and characterize a monoclonal antibody against recombinant glutathione S-transferase(GST) for purifying GST fusion protein. Methods The GST-follistatin fusion protein was expressed by using a pGEX4T-1 expression vector in Escherichia coli BL21 and purified by glutathione-resin affinity column chromatography. Then female Balb/c mice were immunized with the GST-FS, The immunized splenocytes were fused with NS-1 hybridoma cells. Dreparation of the mAb was used by conventional hybridoma techniqal. The mAb purified by protein A, was culpled with Sepharose4B to purify further GST fusion protein by affinity chromatography. Results The SDS-PAGE showed that the GST fusion protein could be purified effctively by specific mAb affinity chromatography as same as by glutathione-resin affinity chromatography. Conclusion mAb affinity chromatography will be a ecnomical and useful method and it can be used for secondary purification of GST fusion protein following glutathione-resin affinity chromatography.