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Objective:To study the effect of water improvement on urinary arsenic methylation metabolism in population exposed to arsenic through drinking water.Methods:A cluster sampling method was used to select drinking water type arsenism areas in Bayannur City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Permanent residents lived in the arsenism areas for more than 10 years were selected as the survey subjects. Urine samples ( n = 874, 111, 145) were collected in 2004 (before water improvement), 2014 (4 years after water improvement) and 2017 (7 years after water improvement), respectively, and some subjects were followed up in 2014 and 2017. High performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) was used to detect different forms of arsenic metabolites in urine [inorganic arsenic (iAs), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsenic acid (DMA)], and total arsenic (tAs), the iAs percentage (iAs%), MMA percentage (MMA%), DMA percentage (DMA%), monomethylation rate (PMI), dimethylation rate (SMI), and the ratio of MMA to DMA (MMA/DMA) were calculated. The content and distribution of urinary arsenic metabolites in people exposed to arsenic before and after water improvement were compared and analyzed. Results:Compared with 2004, the levels of iAs, MMA, DMA, tAs and iAs% in urine of arsenic exposed population in 2014 were lower ( Z =-14.12,-12.79,-14.27,-14.21,-6.90, P < 0.001), the levels of MMA%, DMA% and PMI were higher ( Z =-3.22,-2.91,-6.90, P < 0.05); in the same drinking water arsenic exposed population, compared with 2004, the levels of iAs, MMA, DMA, tAs and iAs% in urine ( n = 48) were lower ( Z =-5.57,-5.53,-5.54,-5.55,-2.86, P < 0.05) in 2014, and PMI level was higher ( Z =-2.86, P = 0.004). Compared with 2014, the levels of iAs% and MMA/DMA in urine of arsenic exposed population in 2017 were lower ( Z =-4.97,-2.25, P < 0.05), the levels of MMA, DMA, tAs, DMA%, PMI and SMI were higher ( Z =-4.01,-5.39,-4.77,-4.61,-4.97,-2.25, P < 0.05); in the same drinking water arsenic exposed population, compared with 2014, the level of iAs% in urine ( n = 28) was lower ( Z =-2.87, P = 0.004) in 2017, the levels of DMA% and PMI were higher ( Z =-2.32,-2.87, P < 0.05). Conclusion:Water improvement could significantly reduce the levels of urinary arsenic metabolites iAs, MMA, DMA and tAs and increase the level of DMA% in arsenic exposed population.
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Objective:To study the clinical significance of Th17 cell detection in patients with thymoma associated with myasthenia gra-vis(MG).Methods:From October 2015 to October 2017,78 patients with thymoma who treated in Cardio-Thoracic Surgery of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and 15 normal controls were collected.Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of Th17 cells,and the levels of IL-17,IL-21 and AchR-Ab in peripheral blood were detected before operation.The correlation of Th17 with the corresponding cytokines was analyzed,and the independent risk factor was predicted for thymoma with myasthenia gravis.Results:The percentage of Th17 cells in the MG group was 10.33%±1.28%,compared with 7.33%±0.58% for the Con group and 7.67%±2.18% for the Tm group.These differences were statistically significant.The MG group was recorded as having(18.05 ± 7.23)pg/mL IL-17, (180.67±16.17)pg/ml IL-21,and(37.29±7.48)pmol/L AchR-Ab compared to(7.45±3.46)pg/mL,(84.33±5.13)pg/mL,and(15.23±3.32) pmol/L for the Con group and(8.22±1.67)pg/mL,(93.00±7.21)pg/mL,and(16.87±4.89)pmol/L for the Tm group for the same cyto-kines,respectively.These differences were also statistically significant(P<0.001).The percentage of Th17/CD4+T cells in the MG group was positively correlated with IL-17(r=0.830,P<0.001),IL-21(r=0.734,P<0.001),and AchR-Ab(r=0.809,P<0.001).IL-17,IL-21,and AchR-Ab are independent risk factors for predicting the combination of thymoma with MG.Conclusions:Th17 cells are involved in the development of thymoma with MG,which promote cell proliferation by secreting IL-21 and regulate MG growth by secreting IL-17.
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Objective:To establish the quality standard for Qinzhu Liangxue mixture. Methods:Seutellaria baiealensis, glyeyrrhizae and jobstears seed were identified by TLC. Baicalin and glycyrrhizic acid were determined by HPLC. Results:Seutellaria baiealensis,glyeyrrhizae and jobstears seed could be identified by TLC. The linear range of baicalin was 0. 030- 0. 971 mg·ml -1(r = 1. 000 0),and the average recovery was 97. 74%(RSD = 2. 76% ,n = 9). The linear range of glycyrrhizic acid was 0. 013- 0. 220 mg·ml -1(r = 1. 000 0),and the average recovery was 99. 02%(RSD = 1. 79% ,n = 9)Glycyrrhizic acid. Conclusion:The method is specific,simple and accurate. It can be used for the quality control of Qinzhu Liangxue mixture.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect and mechanism of high dose Vitamin B3 on granulopoiesis in normal rat.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty one healthy SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: the Vitamin B3 group (Vit B3 500 mg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹, × 7 d), the rhG-CSF group (rhG-CSF 25 μg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹, × 7 d) and the normal saline group (2 ml/d, × 7 d). The peripheral blood cell counts were analyzed by automatic blood cell counter before (day 0) treatment, the third day (day 3) and the seventh day (day 7) after administration of drugs, respectively. The concentration of serum nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) level was measured by enzymatic cycling assay before and after drugs treatment. The expressions of G-CSF, G-CSFR, SIRT1, C/EBPα, C/EBPβ, C/EBPε and NAMPT mRNA were detected by reverse transcription real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The neutrophil counts increased significantly after 7 days of Vitamin B3 and rhG-CSF treatment compared with that of control group [(1.64 ± 0.19) × 10⁹/L, (1.88 ± 0.37)× 10⁹/L vs (0.86 ± 0.18) × 10⁹/L, P<0.01]; the level of serum NAD⁺ increased significantly [(0.96 ± 0.08) nmol/L, (0.65 ± 0.12) nmol/L vs (0.36 ± 0.15) nmol/L, P<0.01]; the expression of G-CSF, G-CSFR, SIRT1, C/EBPα, C/EBPε and NAMPT mRNA in bone marrow mononuclear cells were increased significantly compared with that of control group (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>High dose of Vitamin B3 may play an important role in increasing absolute neutrophil count in healthy rat under steady state, and the mechanism may be dependent on NAMPT-NAD⁺-SIRT1 signaling pathways.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Bone Marrow Cells , Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor , Leukocyte Count , Neutrophils , Niacinamide , Pharmacology , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Recombinant ProteinsABSTRACT
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the salvage pathway for the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) from nicotinamide. NAMPT is also a cytokine that inhibits the apoptosis of neutrophils under various inlfammatory stimuli, regulates various diseases and closely associates with the progression and prognosis of cancers. However, it is still not clear whether the cytokine-like function of NAMPT is interrelated with the biosynthesis enzyme activity of NAD+. This article aims to provide novel insights for inflammation and cancers treatment by reviewing the function of NAMPT in inflammation, carcinogenesis, cancer progression and its inhibitors, APO866/FK866.
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Objective To investigate the influence of the biofeedback electrostimulation against the pelvic floor muscles to cure female pelvic floor dysfunction disease (PFD). Method Fifty-four female PFD patients treated with the biofeedback electrostimulation against the pelvic floor muscles by applying with different frequency and pulse width for different patients. Results The cure rate of the pelvic organ prolapse (POP) patients was 10.0%(1/10) and the cure rate of the post partum pelvic floor injury patients was 100.0%(32/32) except the stress urinary incontinence(SUI) patients. But the SUI patients improved efficacy rate was 91.7%(11/12) and the POP patients improved efficacy rate was 70.0%(7/10). The total efficacy rate was 94.4%(51/54). Conclusions It shows that the biofeedback electrostimulation against the pelvic floor muscles could cure the female PFD,reduce the disease morbidity of the PFD and improve the quality of female patient's lfie. As a result, the curing method could have clinical application prospect extensively.