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@#This paper established policy framework and plan of higher education of rehabilitation (HER) in China, and analyzed the content of HER, including the integrated education system for HER, multiple disciplines and specialties system, and certification and accreditation system for rehabilitation workforce. Five recommendations had been made for HER development.
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Background BackgroundMeningothelial cells (MECs) are major cell type in the meningeal sheath around optic nerve,which form a fluid barrier between optic nerve and the cerebral spinal fluid.The impairment of the cerebral fluid-optic nerve barrier probably affects the balance of cerebral fluid components.Currently,the investigation on the role of MECs in neuropathy is less performed.Objective This study attempted to explore hypoxia-induced function changes of MECs,and to shed a new clus for the future research of optic nerve disorders.Methods Human MECs strains were cultured in vitro and cell suspension was prepared with the cell densities of 2.5 ×103/hole,5.0× 103/hole and 1 x 104 /hole,respectively.The suspensions of 100 μl were separately collected to incubate in 96-well plates and cultivated for 2 days in 21％ O2(normoxia group) or 1％ O2(hypoxia group).MTS was used to detect and compare the proliferative value (A490) of MECs between the normoxia group and the hypoxia group.The changes of MECs diameter and volume were measured by CASY1 assay.ATP product in the cells after MECs exposed to different oxygen environments with or without substrate (100 mmol/L pyruvate and 100 mmol/L malate) for 1,2 days were assayed by Luminometer method.The expression and distribution of cytochrome C in the cells of the normoxia group and the hypoxia group were determined by immunofluorescence.Results A490 of MECs in the 2.5× 103/hole,5.0× 103/hole and 1 × 104/hole were 0.399±0.009,0.393±0.009 and 0.496±0.026 in the hypoxia group,which were lower than 0.424±0.131,0.413±0.111 and 0.537±0.021 in the normoxia group (t =3.777,P =0.004 ; t =3.251,P =0.009 ; t =3.037,P =0.013).Compared with the normoxia group,the diameter and volume were significantly increased in the hypoxia group ([20.970 ±0.127] μm vs.[21.198 ±0.048] μm,t =-3.762,P=0.006; [5805±73] fl vs.[6026±106] fl,t=-4.124,P=0.002).ATP products were (0.900±0.225)mmol/(L· g) and (0.952± 0.075) mmol/(L · g) in the hypoxia group and the hypoxia+substrate group,which were significantly lower than (1.389±0.145) mmol/(L · g) and (1.401±0.122) mmol/(L · g) in the normoxia group and the normoxia +substrate group (P =0.001,0.002,0.001).Immunofluorescense staining showed that the green fluorescence of cytochrome C located at mitochondria of MECs in the normoxia group,but in the hypoxia group,cytochrome C distributed in the cytoplasm extensively.Conclusions Hypoxia induces malfunction of MECs,which might impact the intact of the cerebral spinal fluid-optic nerve barrier and therefore influence the microenvironment of the subarachnoid space and neuronal function.
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AIM: To establish the quality standards for Chinese extractum angelicae liquidum. METHODS: TLC was used to identify ferulic acid and ligustilide and HPLC to determine the content of ferulic acid and ligustil-ide. HPLC was performed on a Diamonsil ODS-C_(18) analytical column(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with gradient elu-tion(0-15 min, 38%A; 15-20 min, 38%A-70%A; 20-40 min, 70%A; 40-45 min, 70%A-38%A) of methanol (A, containing 0.4% glacial acetic) and 0.4% glacial acetic acid(B) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The diode array detection wavelength was set at 323 nm and the column temperature was at 35℃. RESULTS: The linear range of ferulic acid and ligustilide were from 1.008 μg/mL to 10.08 μg/mL and 9.985 μg/mL to 99.85 μg/mL,the average recoveries of both were 98.11% and 101.61%, RSD were 1.58% and 1.32%. CONCLUSION: The method is rapid, simple and accurate with high reproducibility and can be used to control the quality of Chinese extractum angelicae liquidum.
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AIM : To establish a HPLC method for simultaneous determination of rutin and naringenin-7-o-glucoside in Lysimachia clethroide Duby.METHODS: Using Diamonsil C_(18) (4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) as analytical column.The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile (A) and 0.1% phosphoric acid ( B ) with gradient elution : 0～18rain,83%～80% B; 18～30 min,80%～86% B.The detection wavelength of rutin and naringenin-7-o-glucoside was at 254 nm and 281 nm,respectively.The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min; Column temperature was at 35 ℃.RESULTS: A better separating effect was obtained with the HPLC gradient elution method.The linear calibration curve of rutin and naringenin-7-o-glucoside were obtained in the concentration range of 1.00～48.00 μg/mL( r =0.999 3 ) and 0.64 ～ 40.72 μg/mL( r = 0.999 8 ),respectively.CONCLUSION : The HPLC method is accurate,simple and can be used to determine the contents of rutin and naringenin-7-o-glucoside in Lysimachia clethroide Duby simultaneously.
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AIM: To establish the quality standards for Chinese extractum angelicae liquidum. METHODS: TLC was used to identify ferulic acid and ligustilide and HPLC to determine the content of ferulic acid and ligustilide.HPLC was performed on a Diamonsil ODS-C_18 analytical column(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m) with gradient elution(0-15 min,38%A;15-20 min,38%A70%A;20-40 min,70%A;40-45 min,70%A-38%A) of methanol(A,containing 0.4% glacial acetic) and 0.4% glacial acetic acid(B) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.The diode array detection wavelength was set at 323 nm and the column temperature was at 35 ℃. RESULTS: The linear range of ferulic acid and ligustilide were from 1.008 ?g/mL to 10.08 ?g/mL and 9.985 ?g/mL to 99.85 ?g/mL,the average recoveries of both were 98.11% and 101.61%,RSD were 1.58% and 1.32%.CONCLUSION: The method is rapid,simple and accurate with high reproducibility and can be used to control the quality of Chinese extractum angelicae liquidum.
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AIM:To establish a HPLC method for simultaneous determination of rutin and naringenin-7-o-glucoside in Lysimachia clethroide Duby.METHODS:Using Diamonsil C_ 18(4.6 mm ?250 mm,5?m)as analytical column.The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile(A)and 0.1% phosphoric acid(B)with gradient elution:0~18 min,83%~80%B;18~30 min,80%~86%B.The detection wavelength of rutin and naringenin-7-o-glucoside was at 254 nm and 281 nm,respectively.The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min;Column temperature was at 35 ℃.RESULTS :A better separating effect was obtained with the HPLC gradient elution method.The linear calibration curve of rutin and naringenin-7-o-glucoside were obtained in the concentration range of 1.00~48.00 ?g/mL(r=0.999 3)and 0.64~40.72 ?g/mL(r=0.999 8),respectively.CONCLUSION:The HPLC method is accurate,simple and can be used to determine the contents of rutin and naringenin-7-o-glucoside in Lysimachia clethroide Duby simultaneously.