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Objective To establish the biomechanical model of skeletal muscle during hand grasping for reverse dynamics simulation, so as to obtain the maximum muscle force of each muscle involved in the process of hand grasping under different forces. Methods CT scanning was performed on a volunteer’s hand, and CT data of his hand were imported into Mimics software for 3D reconstruction, so as to obtain the bone models of each segment. After adjusting the model coordinates by Geomagic Studio, the model was imported in AnyBody software for establishing the kinematics model of the hand skeleton. The related muscles involved in the flexion of each finger were added, to establish the skeletal muscle model of the hand. The model was then used to simulate the reverse dynamics of hand grasping. ResultsThe maximum muscle force of each muscle in the whole process of finger movement was obtained after the 5-30 N external force was applied to each distal phalanx. With the increase of force, the maximum muscle force of each muscle showed a linear trend. For example, the maximum muscle force of flexor pollicis longus increased from 18.49 N to 110.93 N; when the external force was 5 N, the maximum muscle force of flexor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis longus, adductor pollicis and flexor digiti minimi brevis during hand grasping was 7.70, 18.49, 9.49, 8.39 N, respectively. The muscle force of superficial and deep flexors was greater than that of other muscles in the process of finger movement, which played a major role in grasping the hand. Conclusions The maximum muscle force of the muscles involved in hand grasping under different resistance, and the relationship between muscle force of main muscles and joint angles, can provide guidance and references for the evaluation of hand rehabilitation effect of stroke patients, as well as certain theoretical basis for the manufacture of rehabilitation equipment.
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Objective:To explore the cancer incidence and mortality in registration areas of Shanxi Province in 2014.Methods:The data of 12 cancer registration areas of Shanxi Province in 2014 were taken to analyze the characteristics of cancer incidence and mortality for patients with different age and gender in different areas. And then the results were compared with the malignant cancer incidence and mortality in the nationwide.Results:There were 11 703 new cases, including 6 559 males and 5 144 females in registration areas of Shanxi Province in 2014, and the incidence rate was 221.21/10 5, while the age-standardized incidence rate of Chinese population and world population was 163.91/10 5 and 163.25/10 5, respectively. The cancer incidence rate in urban areas was 247.02/10 5 and the age-standardized incidence rate of Chinese population was 171.35/10 5. In rural areas, the cancer incidence rate was 205.98/10 5 and the age-standardized incidence rate of Chinese population was 159.03/10 5. The common cancer sites were stomach, lung, esophagus, liver and colorectum for males. And breast, cervix, lung, esophagus, stomach were the common cancer sites for females. There were 7 283 malignant death cases, including 4 548 males and 2 735 females. The crude cancer mortality rate was 137.66/10 5, and the age-standardized mortality rate of Chinese population was 99.67/10 5 and world population was 100.11/10 5. The crude cancer mortality rate in urban areas was 141.03/10 5 and the age-standardized incidence rate of Chinese population was 92.84/10 5. In rural areas, the crude cancer mortality rate was 135.68/10 5 and the age-standardized mortality rate of Chinese population was 103.69/10 5. Male common malignant tumor deaths included lung cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer and colorectal cancer, while lung, stomach, liver, esophagus and cervix were the common cancer death sites for females. Conclusions:The incidence and mortality of malignant tumors in registration areas in Shanxi Province are mainly lung cancer, upper gastrointestinal cancer and cervix uteri cancer. The incidence rates of stomach cancer and cervical cancer are high.
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Objective To study the effect of stress on the degradation rate in vitro of novel magnesium alloy bone screw. Methods A three-dimensional （3D） model of the tibia fracture was established using the reverse engineering method. Then, based on the FE model, the in vitro degradation experimental device for bone screws was designed. The stress distribution of the screw by finite element calculation was used as the in vitro experimental load, which effectively improved the accuracy and efficiency of the experiment. The experimental samples were divided into four groups. Group A was treated as control group without force application, while Groups B, C and D were subjected to 150, 250 and 350 N axial forces. The influence of different mechanical environment on the degradation rate in vitro of bone screws was investigated. Finally, combining the stress distributions with the degradation experiment results in vitro, the curve between the stress and the degradation rate in vitro of novel magnesium alloy bone screws was obtained. Results Degradation experiments in vitro showed that Group A had the lowest weight loss and hydrogen production, and the average degradation rate was (0.315±0.005) mm/a. While in the stress groups, the weight loss and hydrogen production increased gradually with the axial force increasing. The average degradation rates of Groups B, C and D were (0.379±0.006), (0.469±0.007) and (0.547±0.009) mm/a, respectively. Conclusions When the novel magnesium alloy bone screw was degraded in mechanical environment, the greater stress on the screw would cause the faster degradation rate in vitro. The obtained relationship between the maximum stress and the average degradation rate in vitro of the novel megnesium alloy bone screw provided data support and theoretical guidance for material selection, design and clinical application of magnesium alloy bone screws.
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the factors affecting the successful rate of nano-carbon in sentinel lymph node biopsy. @*METHODS@#A total of 270 patients with breast cancer, who were treated in First Affilitated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology from January 2013 to March 2015, were chosen and given sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLN) with nano-carbon, and the influencial factors were examined by logistic analysis. @*RESULTS@#Successful rate of biopsy, accuracy, sensitivity and false negative rate was 92.2%, 97.6%, 93.1% and 6.8%, respectively. Age, primary tumor lesions, body mass index, axillary lymph node status, number of SLN and pathological grade were the factors affetcing successful biopsy (all P 0.05). @*CONCLUSION@#Nano-carbon tracer method is a reliable method in sentinel lymph node biopsy. The body mass index, age, and number of lymph node metastasis greatly impact the successful rate of biopsy.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Axilla , Breast Neoplasms , Diagnosis , Carbon , Chemistry , Logistic Models , Lymph Nodes , Pathology , Lymphatic Metastasis , Nanoparticles , Chemistry , Neoadjuvant Therapy , Neoplasm Grading , Sensitivity and Specificity , Sentinel Lymph Node BiopsyABSTRACT
Objective Under the methodology of differential proteomics and bioinformatics,the impact of the exogenous gene on the expression of rice in the proteome is discussed,aiming to explore into the study of genetically modified rice in the proteomics. Methods The total protein was extracted from genetically modified rice Huahui No.1(HH1) and non-transgenic rice Minghui 63 (MH63),the method of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was applied to generate corresponding proteome two-dimensional poly?acrylamide gel(2D-PAGE)electrophoresis spectrum;then,the mass spectrometry and bioinformatics analysis were conducted after the selection of protein spots with significant differences. Results The comparing and matching of protein spots between transgenic Bt (cry1Ab/1Ac)rice and non-transgenic rice 2D-PAGE profiles identified 28 protein spots with significant differences. With non-trans?genic rice as a reference,transgenic Bt rice held 18 relatively high and 10 relatively low expressions;mass spectrometry and bioinfor?matics retrieval were made on the different protein spots. It was found that the differentiated protein was mainly involved in energy me?tabolism,protein synthesis,redox stress response and other biological processes. Conclusion Differences exist between transgenic Bt HH1 and its parental rice MH63 on the expression of proteome;however,there are neither anti-nutritional and allergenic protein, nor new or toxic proteins among these differentiated proteins.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the prognosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 (CIN1) at different follow-up time points in Chinese women and the relationship with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Biopsy-confirmed CIN1 women were followed up from cervical cancer screening cohorts established during 1999 to 2008 in Xiangyuan county, Yangcheng county, Qinxian county and Wuxiang county, Shanxi Province.In each follow-up visit, participants were examined by visual inspection with acetic acid, liquid-based cytology and HR-HPV DNA testing. Those with any positive results received colposcope and biopsies. The cumulative incidence rates of CIN grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) and CIN grade 3 or worse (CIN3+), regression rates and persistent rates were calculated using pathological findings as a gold standard. The risks of progression related with HR-HPV were evaluated stratified by baseline and follow-up HR-HPV status.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 228, 224, 261 and 105 CIN1 women received the 1-year, 2-year, 6-year and 11-year follow-up exams, respectively. The cumulative incidence rate of CIN2+ among baseline HR-HPV positive women was 4.8% (6/126), 10.7% (16/150), 16.9% (29/172) and 35% (19/55) in the above follow-up visits, respectively, and their risk of progression was 2.7(95%CI:0.3-22.0), 2.9 (95%CI:0.7-12.1), 12.0 (95%CI:1.7-86.2) and 30.6 (95%CI:1.9-493.5) times higher than baseline HR-HPV negative women. Moreover, the cumulative incidence of CIN2+ among women with positive HR-HPV both at baseline and follow-up visit was 11% (6/55), 14% (6/42), 17% (10/60) and 50% (13/26) in the above follow-up visits, respectively.No new CIN2+ cases were found among those with negative HR-HPV both at baseline and follow-up visits.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Given that CIN1 progression is related to HR-HPV infection, different follow-up intervals and strategies for CIN1 should be taken according to HR-HPV infection status.</p>
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Biopsy , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia , Disease Progression , Papillomavirus Infections , Prognosis , Prospective Studies , Uterine Cervical NeoplasmsABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the clinical application and effect of plastic surgery in emergency treatment of facial soft tissue injuries,and to explore the better plastic surgery method for facial soft tissue injuries in order to regain the patient facial morphology and function maximally.Methods The clinical data of 798 patients with facial soft tissue injuries from June 2009 to June 2011 were analyzed retrospectively.And plastic surgical techniques were applied to the early treatment of facial soft tissue injuries in this group cases,according to the size of defect and the degree of deformity of the patient,different plastic surgery treatment was chosen,such as skin flap or skin graft to repair wound surfaces.In this process,one must follow sterile noninvasive principle strictly with emphasis on the technique of plastic surgery such as entire debridement,wound healing application of skin flap and so on.Results 790 cases of facial soft tissue injuries were healed by first intention without significant complications,while 8 cases of them had mild scars.During 6 to 12 months of follow-up,neither scar,nor infections and necrosis of the wound region occurred,and the morphology and function of patients' face recovered well without the second operation.Conclusions Using plastic surgery techniques in the emergency treatment of facial soft tissue injuries as soon as possible can avoid the disfigurement and the function disturbance,and promote the facial morphology and function regeneration rapidly and effectively.
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Lumbar spinal stenosis [LSS] is a usual condition for spinal surgeries among adults over 65 years old. We conducted the present study to evaluate the health-related quality of life [HRQoL] after LSS in a group of Chinese patients. We followed up 79 patients who received surgeries for LSS for one year. The HRQoL before treatment and one year after treatment was evaluated with the Medical Outcome Short Form 36 [SF-36]. The HRQoL of patients after LSS significantly improved in three mental health domains [social function, vitality and mental health] and all four physical health domains one year after surgical treatments. However, patients with TBI still had significant lower scores in every domain than the reference group even one year after discharge. The HRQoL had lower scores at discharge greatly improved one year after the treatment. This study also highlighted the usefulness of the HRQoL assessment for prognosis evaluation in patients after surgical treatment for LSS
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The fasting blood sugar (FBS), blood insulin (INS), insulin sensitivity index (ISI) and resistant hormone of INS in 46 patients with NIDDM were observed before and after the treatment. It was showed that the good effect was achieved in the cases by acupuncture and moxibustion, while the contents of FBS and INS in plasma were all decreased and ISI was increased in the cases treated by acupuncture and moxibustion, the degree of decrease of FBS and INS, and increase of ISI being closely related to therapeutic effect. The level of resistant hormone of INS and lipid in patients tend to normal level. Acupuncture and moxibustion had a good regulatory effect on the function of endocrine,sugar and lipid metabolism. It suggests that IR can be corrected by acupuncture and moxibustion,which is a key to therapeutic effect.