ABSTRACT
AIM: To study the role of liver in immune regulation in experimental endotoxemia. METHODS: 17 castrated male goats were subjected to simultaneously installing catheters in jugular, hepatic and portal veins by surgery. Four days later, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was infused in term of three groups as followings: In group ①, LPS of 20 EU (endotoxin unit, EU)?kg -1 was infused into portal vein; In group ②, LPS of 20 EU?kg -1 was infused into jugular vein and LPS of 1 500 EU?kg -1 infused into jugular vein in group ③. Before and after infusion, blood samples were collected from the three veins through the catheters for 8 h. The plasma levels of TNF-? were measured by RIA. RESULTS: In group ①, the plasma TNF-? levels of hepatic and portal vein rose to peak value at 5 h, but that of the jugular vein did not changed. In group ②, the plasma TNF-? levels in hepatic vein rose to peak value at 3 h. The TNF-? levels of jugular vein rose to peak value at 1 h and the one in portal vein enhanced continuously between 0-8 h. In group ③, the plasma TNF-? levels in jugular, hepatic and portal vein rose to significant peaks at 1 h simultaneously. CONCLUSION: During experimental endotoxemia,liver showed different dynamic characteristics in TNF-? secretion according to the pathway and doses of LPS delivery. [
ABSTRACT
E-health is a new kind of health care model, which raises medical efficiency, brings happiness and hope to the therapy of severe disease, and stands for the future of health care. However, it is faced with many issues and challenges, such as the safety of information storing, privacy protection and the distribution of health resources.Therefore, research & development in e-health should observe some criterion. The author holds that the development of e-health should observe ethical principles such as inform-concent, safety, justice, risk-benefit and developing step by step, and puts forward regulating recommendations in many aspects.
ABSTRACT
The history of bioethics is more than twenty years in China.Although the development of bioethics has acquired some achievements in China,there are many problems in it,which directly influences its good development.It is a pressing issue to solve that we analyze the existing problems and pose the strategies in the development of bioethics in China.
ABSTRACT
The author analyzes the present situation of transformed-gene food from the two different points.One point thinks:transformed-gene food is more important than the structure to these developing countries.There are three reasons:Developing countries are badly in need of resolving poverty and hungry;introducing transformed-gene food is a moral command for developing countries.Using transformed-gene food is easier than the structure to resolve the poverty and hungry.The other point points that the sturucture is more important.These are reasons:reforming irrational and unfair system is more urgent than developing tranformed-gene food to these developing countries;gene patent may make the developing countries in a adverse situation;if they don't dissolve the structure problem,transformed-gene food will not make any progress.The author thinks:dissolving the sturture problem,rebuilding rational and fair system are more important than only introducing transformed-gene food.