ABSTRACT
Objective To observe and analyze the difference of CYP2C19 gene polymorphism and serum valproic acid concentration in the patients with epilepsy to provide reference for clinical individualized medica-tion .Methods A total of 148 patients with epilepsy in the hospital from January 2015 to December 2016 were selected and their CYP2C19 genotypes were detected by adopting the real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction ,meanwhile the cases were given the valproic acid treatment .Then the correlation between CYP2C19 gene polymorphism and serum valproic acid concentration was analyzed .Results There was great individual differences in serum valproic acid concentration difference among CYP2C19 genotypes ,in which the alleles and genotypes distribution frequency had no statistically significant difference among 148 cases of epilepsy ( P>0 .05);Serum valproic acid concentrations at 2 ,4 ,8 h after medication in the patients with AA genotype at CYP2C192 locus were significantly higher than those in the patients with GG genotype at CYP2C192 lo-cus ,the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05);Serum valproic acid concentrations at 8 h after medi-cation in the patients with AA genotype at CYP2C193 was significantly higher than that in the patients with GG genotype at CYP2C193 locus ,the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05);Serum valproic acid concentration had no statistically significant difference among other genotypes (P> 0 .05) .Conclusion The CYP2C19 gene in the patients with epilepsy has polymorphism ,moreover which is correlated with the patient′s blood concentration of vaproic acid .Therefore ,treating the patients with epilepsy by using valproic acid can detect the CYP2C19 genotyping in the patients in order to guide their individualized treatment .
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:The internal structures of the colagen-heparan sulfate scaffold and human nerve are very similar. OBJECTIVE: To explore thein vivo biocompatibility of colagen-heparin sulfate scaffold. METHODS:Forty pigs were randomly divided into two groups, 20 in each group: observation group and control group. Medulo-puncture needle was inserted 1.0 cm adjacent to the midline of anterior fontanele into the subarachnoid space, and then removed gradualy. Colagen-heparin sulfate scaffold was implanted into the observation group, and no treatment was given in the control group. Brain tissues were observed under transmission electron microscope, and cel apoptosis and Caspase-3 expression were detected at days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 30 after surgery. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Under the electron microscope, there were some damaged neurons in the observation group with the emergence of demyelination changes in the myelinated nerve fibers; positiveexpression of Caspase-3 protein was found at the junction between the brain tissue and scaffold as wel as within the scaffold, but no positive expression was found in the surrounding tissue. There was no cel apoptosis within 30 days after surgery except for individual apoptotic neurons both in the observation group and control group. The number of apoptotic cels in the observation group was higher than that in the control group at days 1, 3, 7, 14 days after surgery (P 0.05). Caspase-3 protein expression was at a low state in the two groups, but the protein expression of Caspase-3 was higher in the observation group than the control group at days 3 and 7 after surgery (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that the colagen heparin sulfate scaffold has good biocompatibility in the porcine brain.