ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the possible mechanism of rubbing abdomen to regulate intestinal homeostasis in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) mouse models.Methods:IBS-C mouse models of intestinal immune dysfunction were established using trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced C57BL/J6 male mice. Thirty C57BL/J6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: the control group, the model group, and the mogul group. After 7 days of modeling, mice in the mogul group were given a mogul mechanical stimulation intervention once per day for 2 weeks, while mice in the control and model groups were not given any intervention. Changes in serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-17A were detected by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry. The gene expression and protein levels of IL-17A and IL-23 were detected by quantitative real-time fluorescence PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western Blot, respectively. The morphological changes were observed by HE staining. The CD44 and CD62L expression changes were observed by immunofluorescence staining.Results:Compared with the model group, the levels of IL-6 and IL-17A in the serum of mice in the mogul group were decreased, and the expression of IL-6 and IL-7A in the tissues was down-regulated (all P<0.001). In addition, the gene expression and protein expression levels of IL-17A and IL-13 in the tissues of mice in the mogul group were decreased (all P<0.001). HE staining results showed that the mogul mechanical stimulation intervention could repair colonic tissues and reduce the inflammatory response. Immunofluorescence staining results showed that mogul mechanical stimulation intervention could downregulate the expression of CD44 but had no modulating effect on the expression of CD62L. Conclusions:Rubbing abdomen can improve intestinal homeostasis in IBS-C model mice by regulating changes in Th17 cell function.
ABSTRACT
Intestinal mucosal barrier is the first line of defense against exogenous substances. A complete mechanical barrier can separate the body from the contents of the intestines and prevent the translocation of bacteria and microorganisms in the intestines, playing an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the human body. If the intestinal mechanical barrier function is damaged, it will cause the intestinal endotoxin and bacterial translocation, leading to systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction diseases. The barrier function of intestinal mucosa is a key link in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Therefore, the maintenance of intestinal mucosal barrier function is of great value for the diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD. In this paper, the research progress in intestinal mechanical barrier function of NAFLD was reviewed, and the main factors maintaining intestinal permeability of NAFLD were introduced, such as apoptosis, autophagy, apical junctional complex, cytoskeleton, main signal pathway, to provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To observe the effect of abdominal mechanical stimulation on rats with irritable bowel syndrome-Diarrehea (IBS-D), and to explore the possible mechanism of abdominal massage mechanical stimulation to improve IBS-D.Method:60 newborn Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group and abdominal massage group, 20 rats for each group. The IBS-D rat model was established by separating the mother rats and newborn rats. In the abdominal massage group, the IBS-D rats were treated with abdominal rubbing once a day for 14 days. In the model group, the IBS-D rats were only bound to the experimental platform once a day for 5 min for 14 days. The rats in blank group were not made model and with no intervention. The intestinal motility and visceral sensitivity of rats were measured by the time of glass bulb expulsion and the abdominal lift volume threshold. The pathological changes of rat colon tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The changes of mast cells in colon tissue were observed by toluidine blue staining. The ultramicrostructure of intestinal glial cells was observed by transmission electron microscope. The content of proinflammatory factors IL-6 and IL-1β in rat plasma was determined by ELISA.Results:Compared with the model group, mechanical stimulation of the abdominal massage can significantly prolong the discharge time of the glass beads [(2.5±0.2) min vs (1.6±0.2) min], increase the abdominal lift volume threshold of rats [(0.5±0.1) ml vs (0.4±0.1) ml], improve the pathological state of the colon tissue, and reduce the number of mast cells [(2.64±0.22) per field vs (5.61±0.12) per field], reduce the number of mitochondria in the intestinal glial cells and increase the density of heterochromatin, and can also reduce the secretion of proinflammatory factors IL-6 [(189.4±4.7) pg/ml vs (224.8±8.6) pg/ml] and IL-1β [(178.4±7.1) pg/ml vs (191.4±8.4) pg/ml], and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Mechanical stimulation of abdominal massage can increase the visceral sensitivity of IBS-D rats, regulate intestinal glial cells and reduce the secretion of proinflammatory factors. The mechanism may be related to the intestinal-brain axis.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To observe the structural and functional changes of each nucleus group in generalized anxiety disorder(GAD) rat models before and after the massage therapy, and to explore the central regulating mechanism of the massage therapy in GAD.Methods:60 Wistar male rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group and abdominal rubbing group, 20 rats for each group. GAD rat models were established by chronic emotional stress, and the models were evaluated by the elevated cross maze experiment. In the abdominal rubbing group, the GAD rats were treated with abdominal rubbing once a day for 10 min for 14 days. In the control group, the GAD rats were only bound to the experimental platform once a day for 10 min for 14 days. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) retrograde tracking marker method was used to detect the changes of the structure of each nuclear cluster in the affective loop of the GAD rats in each group. The liquid-mass spectrometry quantitative analysis was used to determine the relative concentrations of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), glutamic acid, choline and creatine in nuclear cluster of the GAD rats in each group.Results:Compared with the blank group, the HRP labeled cells in the rats of model group were less expressed and the activity of the emotional circuit in the brain was weak. The NAA/creatine ratio in the left hippocampal tissue of the rats in the model group was significantly increased than that of the blank group(0.94±0.08 vs 0.79±0.10, P<0.05), the glutamic acid/creatine ratio in the right hippocampal tissue was significantly decreased (0.95±0.10 vs 1.12±0.13, P<0.01), and the NAA/creatine andglutamic and acid/creatineratios in the left cortical tissue were all significantly decreased (1.04±0.05 vs 1.41±0.23, and 1.21±0.04 vs 1.57±0.11, all P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the hippocampal tissues of the GAD rats in the abdominal rubbing group had a large number of HRP aggregation and spread to the surrounding tissues, the NAA/creatine and glutamic acid/creatine ratios in the left hippocampal tissue of the abdominal rubbing group were significantly decreased (0.74±0.21 vs 0.94±0.09 and 0.92±0.20 vs 1.21±0.12, all P<0.01). The differences between the model group and the abdominal rubbing group in the ratio of glutamic acid/creatine in the right hippocampal tissue (1.01±0.23 vs 0.95±0.10), the ratio of NAA/creatine in the left cortical tissue (1.12±0.09 vs 1.04±0.05), and the ratio of glutamic acid/creatine in the left cortical tissue (1.22±0.12 vs 1.21±0.04) were not statistically significant ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Abdominal rubbing can effectively enhance the activity of affective loop and improve the relative concentration of neuron metabolites in hippocampal and cortical tissues in the affective loop, suggesting that the mechanism of GAD treatment by abdominal rubbing may be closely related to the structure and function of regulating affective loop.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect and molecular mechanism of the combination of mechanical strain stimulation and icariin (ICA) on inhibiting the differentiation of osteoclasts induced by fatigue load stimulation. Methods The mouse mononuclear macrophage cell line RAW264.7 was cultured in vitro, and the blank control group was α-MEM complete medium. In the fatigue load group, RAW264.7 cells were treated with 5000 μεmechanical stretch strain, and then cultured in an osteoclast culture medium that was an α-MEM complete medium containing 40 ng/ml macrophage colony-stimulating factor and 40 ng/ml osteoclast differentiation factor. In the mechanical stimulation + ICA group, RAW264.7 cells were treated as the same procedure in the fatigue load group, and then cultured in an α-MEM complete medium containing 1 ×10 -5 mol/L ICA simultaneously with a 1000 μεtensile strain on the substrate. The activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) was detected using a TRAP assay kit. The mRNA expression of the osteoclast marker genes, i.e. TRAP, cathepsin K(CTSK) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) was detected by real-time RT-PCR. The nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) was analyzed by Western Blot. Results Compared with the fatigue load group, the combination of mechanical stimulation (1000 με substrate stretching) and ICA (1×10-5 mol/L) could significantly inhibit the activity of TRAP in osteoclasts (P<0.01) and reduce osteoclastosis. Moreover, that combination not only could down-regulate the mRNA expression of TRAP, CTSK and MMP-9 and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.01), but also could inhibit the formation of osteoclasts by inhibiting the phosphorylation of P65, P50 and IκB-α in NF-κB signaling pathway. Conclusions The coupling of mechanical stimulation and ICA can effectively inhibit the osteoclast differentiation and the bone resorption induced by fatigue load, and the mechanism may involve regulating NF-κB signaling pathway.