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Objective To provide a basis for further study and utilization of the functional gene family of Pht1 in Salviae miltiorrhizae, the Pht1 gene family members from S. miltiorrhizae genome should be explored, identified and functionally predicted. Methods By utilizing the bioinformatics methods, based on the genomic and NCBI database of S. miltiorrhiza, the sequences of Pht1 family candidate genes of S. miltiorrhiza were obtained firstly by screening, and then carried on the multiple sequence alignment, conserved structure lookup as well as phylogenetic tree construction. Finally, the characteristic analysis and biological function prediction were carried out. Results The results showed that 12 Pht1 candidate genes were extracted from the genome of Salvia miltiorrhiza, together with the reported Smpht1, there are 13 Pht1 members in total, their homology as high as 74.34%, and nine members of them could provide more reliable functional annotation. Among the gene family members, Smpht1 & Sm1, Sm4 & Sm6, Sm5 & Sm11, in which these three pairs may share similar function as well as coevolution relation between each other; Smpht1, Sm1, Sm3, Sm5, Sm7, and Sm11, all of the six members can be only expressed in the roots of S. miltiorrhiza. furthermore, except Sm7 induced by p-deficiency and Sm3 member unaffected by the phosphorus supply factor, the other four probably belong to the P-deficiency induced up-regulated expressive genotype, which play an important role in phosphorus absorption of S. miltiorrhiza; Moreover, both Sm7 and Sm16 are possible to expressed in the flower organs of S. miltiorrhiza and then participate in the regulation of phosphorus balance in the flowering stage of plants. In addition, Sm14 is likely to be a mycorrhizal-induced specific expressive gene with the function of phosphorus transfer in Pht1 family members. Conclusion The Pht1 gene family was screened and identified systematically from the genome of S. miltiorrhiza for the first time, in addition, the members with characteristic and biological function were found out, which will provide dependable background support and ideas reference for the further research on the role of Pht1 in the growth and development of S. miltiorrhiza.
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Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of Bushen Huoxue Decoction in the treatment of carotid atherosclerotic plaque. Methods Totally 50 patients of carotid atherosclerotic plaque were collected to conduct health education. At the same time, they were given Bushen Huoxue Decoction, one dosage a day, twice a day, decoction, for 12 weeks. The correlation indexes of carotid artery before and after treatment were observed, and TCM syndrome integrals were evaluated before and after 4, 8 and 12 weeks treatment. FBG, TC, LDL-C, CRP HCY, IL-6, IGF-1, and OPG were detected before and after treatment. Hematuria routine, liver and renal function were monitored. Results After treatment, the Crouse score and the plaque grade score of carotid atherosclerotic plaque showed a tendency to decrease, without statistical significance (P=0.060, P=0.336). Carotid maximal plaque area and modified total score of carotid atherosclerotic plaque were significantly reduced compared with that before treatment (P<0.05). TCM syndrome integrals were significantly reduced compared with that before treatment (P<0.05), and the scores decreased significantly with the prolongation of treatment time. TCM syndrome integrals after 4, 8, and 12 weeks were significantly reduced compared with that before treatment (F=160.352, P<0.001). Total effective rate of treatment in the efficacy of TCM syndrome was 85.11％ (40/47). Serum levels of FBG and TC decreased significantly after the treatment compared with that before the treatment, with statistical significance (P<0.05). Serum levels of LDL-C, HCY, CRP, IL-6, IGF-1, and OPG all showed a tendency to decrease, without statistical significance (P>0.05). No abnormality in hematuria routine, liver and renal function examinations were found during the research. Conclusion Bushen Huoxue Decoction has obvious clinical efficacy for carotid atherosclerotic plaque, which can improve clinical symptoms of patients, it also could stabilize and reduce plaque with high safety.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To perform theory construction and empirical study of the competency model of rural general practitioners.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Through literature study, job analysis, interviews, and expert team discussion, the questionnaire of rural general practitioners competency was constructed. A total of 1458 rural general practitioners were surveyed by the questionnaire in 6 central provinces. The common factors were constructed using the principal component method of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The influence of the competency characteristics on the working performance was analyzed using regression equation analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The Cronbach 's alpha coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.974. The model consisted of 9 dimensions and 59 items. The 9 competency dimensions included basic public health service ability, basic clinical skills, system analysis capability, information management capability, communication and cooperation ability, occupational moral ability, non-medical professional knowledge, personal traits and psychological adaptability. The rate of explained cumulative total variance was 76.855%. The model fitting index were Χ(2)/df 1.88, GFI=0.94, NFI=0.96, NNFI=0.98, PNFI=0.91, RMSEA=0.068, CFI=0.97, IFI=0.97, RFI=0.96, suggesting good model fitting. Regression analysis showed that the competency characteristics had a significant effect on job performance.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The rural general practitioners competency model provides reference for rural doctor training, rural order directional cultivation of medical students, and competency performance management of the rural general practitioners.</p>
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Humans , Clinical Competence , General Practitioners , Models, Theoretical , Professional Competence , Rural Health Services , Rural Population , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the application of airway secretions expurgation cluster manage-ment in oxygen-driven aerosol inhalation. METHODS:280 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the Respiratory Second Division of our hospital from Mar. 2012 to Dec. 2013 were randomly divided into group A,B,C and D,with 70 cases in each group.Group A and B were treated with compound isopropyl bromide 2 ml+nomal saline 5 ml,10 min/time,twice a day,and 6 L/min oxygen-driven aerosol inhalation for 7 days;group C and Dreceived Ambroxol hydrochloride injection 15 ml+normal saline 5 ml,10 min/time,twice a day,and 6 L/min oxygen-driven aerosol inhalatiom for 7 days. group A and C were treatment groups, group B and D were control groups. Two treatment groups inhaled compound medications while the application of airway secretions expurgation cluster management. Two control groups inhaled compound medications with single effective cough guidance. RE-SULTS:Compared with control groups,the patients in treatment groups eliminated more phlegm,had lower (PaCO2)and higher (PaO2),also had a shorter hospitalization period,with significant difference(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Airway secretions expur-gation cluster management technology is a simple,safe and effective method,especially in patients with chronic obstructive pulmo-nary disease in oxygen-driven inhalation therapy.
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<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate the pharmacokinetics of osthole in rabbits and obtain the main pharmacokinetic parameters.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A simple high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed to study the pharmacokinetics of osthole in rabbits by joining an internal standard (paeonal). Methanol-water (80:20) was used as the mobile phase. According to the 3P87 pharmacokinetic program, the main parameters were calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The osthole pharmacokinetics conforms to a two compartment open model after i.v. administration, T1/2 alpha = 5.81 min, T1/2 beta = 42.2 min, K21 = 0.036 0.min-1, K12 = 0.045 0.min-1, K10 = 0.054 0.min-1, AUC = 235 mg.min.L-1, CLs = 0.043 0 L.min-1.kg-1, Vc = 0.780 L.kg-1.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The pharmacokinetics of osthole after i.v. administration showed a rapid distribution and elimination process in rabbits.</p>