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Objective To understand the clinical distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus spp.isolated from blood culture.Methods Enterococcus spp.isolated from blood culture specimens of hospitalized patients between January 2012 and December 2016 was analyzed,antimicrobial susceptibility testing results were analyzed.Results A total of 139 strains of Enterococcus spp.were isolated,including 78 strains of Enterococcus faecium (E.faecium),60 Enterococcus faecalis (E.faecalis),and 1 Enterococcus avium (E.avium),accounting for 56.11％,43.17％,and 0.72％ respectively;56.83％ of patients were ＞60 years and 17.27％ were ≤28 days.The main department sources of strains were intensive care unit and neonatal department,accounting for 34.53％ and 18.70％respectively.There was only 1 strain of E.avium,which was isolated from neonatal department.Resistance rates of E.faecium to penicillin,ampicillin,levofloxacin,ciprofloxacin,moxifloxacin,and nitrofurantoin were all higher than E.faecalis(all P＜0.05),while resistance rate to tetracycline was lower than E.faecalis(P =0.001).Resistance rates of E.faecium to vancomycin and linezolid were 2.56％ and 6.41％ respectively;resistance rates of E.faecalis to vancomycin and linezolid were 0 and 3.33％ respectively.Conclusion E.faecium and E.faecalis are the main Enterococcus spp.isolated from blood culture,most are isolated from the elderly patients and newborns.Resistance rates of E.faecium to most antimicrobial agents are higher than E.faecalis,resistance rates of E.faecium and E.faecalis to linezolid are both higher than resistance rates to vancomycin,key monitoring needs to be continued.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To probe into clinical therapeutic effect of acupuncture on diabetic nephropathies and the mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using multi-central, randomized and blind methods, 130 cases of diabetic nephropathy were divided into an observation group and a control group, 65 cases in each group. They were treated by routine diabetic therapy, and in the observation group, acupuncture at Quchi (LI 11), Zhigou (TE 6), Hegu (LI 4), Xuehai (SP 10), Zusanli (ST 36), Yinlingquan (SP 9), Fenglong (ST 40), Diji (SP 8), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Taichong (LR 3), Tianshu (ST 25), Gaohuang (BL 43), Shenshu (BL 23), Zhongwan (CV 12), Zhongji (CV 3) were added with needling method of harmonizing spleen-stomach. While in the control group, acupuncture at Shenshu (BL 23), Taixi (KI 3), Sanyingjiao (SP 6), Yanglingquan (GB 34), Xuanzhong (GB 39), Guanyuan (CV 4), Shousanli (LI 10), Waiguan (TE 5), Yangxi (LI 5), Liangqiu (ST 34), Shangjuxu (ST 37), Neiting (ST 44), Huaroumen (ST 24), Dachangshu (BL 25). The treatment was given twice a day in the two groups. Clinical therapeutic effects were assessed according to clinical symptoms and signs, blood sugar, blood lipids, urinary albumin excretion rate, urinary monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal blood flow, etc..</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The needling method of harmonizing spleen-stomach not only could improve symptoms and signs of the patients, and also had benign regulative action on metabolism of blood sugar and lipids, and GFR, renal blood flow and urinary albumin level, with significant or very significant differences as compared with the control group ( P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The needling method of harmonizing spleen-stomach is an effective method for diabetic nephropathies, which can improve progressive renal lesion induced by abnormal metabolism of blood sugar and lipids, improve renal blood flow and GFR, decrease urinary albumin secretion, inhibit over expression of MCP-1, protect glomerulus and renal tubules, so as to improve renal function and delay renal lesion.</p>