ABSTRACT
Objective To study the temporal and spatial expressions of G protein-coupled receptor, putative receptor protein related to angiotensin type 1 receptor (APJ), in mammal cochlea postnatal development. Methods The cochlear tissues of each group 11 C57BL/ 6 mice at postnatal day 7 (P7), P14, P28 and postnatal month 2(P2M) were taken out under a stereo microscope. Real-time PCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescent staining were used to detect the expressions of APJ in hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons. Results The expression pattern of APJ in cochleae showed an upward trend during the period from P7 to P2M. The temporal expressions of APJ in hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons increased obviously at P14 and P2M. The spatial expression patterns of APJ in hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons followed a declined gradient from base turns to apex turns at P14. Conclusion APJ expression exhibits a specific spatial and temporal pattern during mouse cochlea postnatal development, and may play a role in cochleae maturation and hearing formation.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the classification, incidence and influential factors of severe complications occurred in endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) and how to deal with them.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One thousand and one hundred two patients with chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps treated by ESS were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twenty-one patients had severe complications. The types of complication included intraorbital hematoma (n=3), medial rectus injury (n=2), blindness (n=1), intracranial, hematoma (n=1), cerebrospinal rhinorrhea (n=3), nasolacrimal duct injury (n=3), nasal septum perforation (n=2), hemorrhage (n=2), thrombosis in legs (n=2) and asthma (n=2). The total incidence of severe complications was 1.91% (21/1102), most of which were complications in orbit (0.54%) and cranium (0.36%). The extent of the lesion, the surgical history of the patients, the technique and experience of the surgeons were the most important influential factors to severe complications.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Although there are many influential factors to severe complications in ESS, subjective factors are the more important, especial, the technique and the experience of the surgeon.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Chronic Disease , Endoscopy , Nasal Polyps , General Surgery , Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures , Postoperative Complications , Rhinitis , General Surgery , Sinusitis , General SurgeryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To introduce a better surgical approach for the resection of tumors involving the anterior and middle skull base and the fronto-orbito-ethmoidal area.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A "T" form incision was made in the fronto-orbito-ethmoidal region and along the nasal pyramid down. Parts of ethmoid sinus, lamina papyracea, fronto-orbito bone and behind wall of frontal sinus were resected in order to expose the tumors in the anterior skull base and the fronto-orbito-ethmoidal region. Then, the tumor was resected partly under the operation microscope, protecting the neighbouring important structures, for instance: optic nerve, internal carotid artery, sella, meninx, etc. The nasal pyramid was repaired and fixed to the frontal bone with titanium board and titanium nail in order to resume the appearance of a good face.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Thirteen patients received tumour resection through this approach. The patients were followed-up for 24 months, 11 patients showed no tumour recurrence, no severe complication, such as cerebrospinal rhinorrhea, meningoencephlocele, etc, in this series. The facial appearance was good.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The approach via the fronto-orbito-ethmoidal region is a good surgical procedure to resect the tumors involving the anterior and middle skull base and the fronto-orbito-ethmoidal area.</p>