ABSTRACT
Cystitis glandularis is a hyperplastic disease originated from the bladder mucosa, cystitis glandularis is a rare clinical disease, there is no standard diagnosis and treatment. The etiology and pathogenesis of cystitis glandularis are still unknown, it can be diagnosed according to clinical manifestations, laboratory and auxiliary examinations, and the diagnosis of cystitis glandularis mainly depends on pathological results. Cystitis glandularis has a cancerous tendency. The clinical treatment methods of cystitis glandularis include conservative treatment, surgical treatment and surgical combined with drug therapy, but different types of treatment methods are different, and most patients are treated by surgery combined with drug perfusion of the bladder.This article will review the research progress in diagnosis and treatment of cystitis glandularis.
ABSTRACT
Adrenal gland is one of the most common metastases from malignant tumors. Most adrenal metastases have not completely destroyed adrenal tissue, so most patients have no clinical symptoms. The main methods for the diagnosis of adrenal metastases are CT, magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography. At present, there is still controversy about the treatment of adrenal metastasis of all kinds of adrenal metastases. Non-surgical treatment mainly includes chemical drug therapy, radiotherapy, interventional therapy and so on. With the development of cognition and technology, the mode and indication of surgical treatment have also changed. In this paper, the diagnosis and treatment of adrenal metastases in recent years are reviewed.