ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the effects of eight-week group positive psychotherapy intervention on de-pression associated self-efficacy and subjective well-being in female nursing students.Methods:Totally 74 female nursing students with mild to moderate depression [the score of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-Ⅱ)was 14 to 28]were selected from three nursing colleges of Changsha.They were randomly divided into two groups,40 in the control group and 34 in the intervention group.Samples in the intervention group were given the eight-week group positive psychotherapy,while the control group was given nothing (the control group could receive the intervention when the intervention was proved to be effective or the control group needed treatments).The General Self-efficacy Scale(GSES)and Index of Well-being(IWB)were used to get the outcome of female nursing students'self-effica-cy,subjective well-being at baseline,the time after the intervention,3 month follow-up,6 month follow-up.Results:The interactive effect between group and time of self-efficacy,subjective well-being were statistically significant (Ps0.05).At the end of the intervention,3 month follow-up and 6 month follow-up,the GSES score and IWB score in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group (Ps <0.05).Conclusion:Eight-week group positive psychotherapy could improve self-efficacy and subjective well-being of female nursing students who have mild to moderate depressive symptom.This intervention also has a long-term effect.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effect of postoperative patient controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) on respiratory function in patients aged over 65 years Methods 41 ASA Ⅰ Ⅱ patients (male 22,female 19)aged between 65 80 years, weighing 58 78kg, scheduled for upper abdominal surgery were divided randomly into two groups: control group(n=20)and PCEA group(n=21) Epidural block was performed at T 8 9 with an epidural catheter inserted cranially for 4 cm A test dose of 1 5% lidocaine 4 5ml was given via epidural catheter When epidural blockade was confirmed, general anesthesia was induced with diazepam 0 2mg?kg -1 ,etomidate 0 3 mg?kg -1 ,fentanyl 4?g?kg -1 and vecuronium 0 1mg?kg -1 ,and maintained with epidural 0 5% bupivacaine infusion (6 7ml/2h) combined with inhalation of low concentration of isoflurane and intermittent iv boluses of fentanyl and vecuronium For postoperative analgesia in control group intramuscular pethidine was given on demand; In PCEA group PCEA was used A loading dose of 3ml of 0 15% bupivacaine mixture (morphine 10mg and haloperidol 5mg/0 15% bupivacaine 100ml) followed by continuous infusion of 0 5 1ml/h Superimposed by boluses of 2ml with a lock out time of 25min The maximal amount of bupivacaine mixture was 8ml/h VAS, Bruggman′s comfort scale and Rawsay′s sedation score were evaluated BP, HR, respiratory rate (RR) and SpO 2 were measured and recorded every 30min 4 h after operation Vital volume, Forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume (first second:FEV 1 0 ),PEEP, MMEF were measured before operation and on 1st,3rd,5th and 7th postoperative days Blood gas analysis was checked before operation, during operation (30min and 90min after induction of anesthesia) and the 1st,3rd, 5th and 7th postoperative days Results The total amount of narcotic in 72h was 11 36mg (morphine equivalent dose) in control group and 5 4mg in PCEA group VAS was higher in control group than PCEA group The postoperative respiratory function was significantly better in PECA group Conclusions In elderly patient after upper abdominal operation PECA can greatly improve the respiratory function with better analgesia