ABSTRACT
Donation related vasovagal reaction(DRVR) is the most common adverse reaction during blood donation. It is very important for blood banks to identify, treat and prevent DRVR accurately. At present, it is generally believed that psychological factors are the first major inducement of DRVR. Applied muscle tension (AMT) and salt supplementation have been proved to be effective interventions for vasovagal response; the identification methods of high-risk groups such as State Trait Anxiety Inventory, Medical Fear Inventory and Blood Donor Response Scale have been relatively mature, but the utilization rate is relatively low in China. In this paper, the main clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, research methods, related factors, management and prevention measures of DRVR, as well as the identification of high-risk groups before blood donation are reviewed.
ABSTRACT
[Abstrict] Objective To explore the effect of systemic family dynamics,egma minnen bardndom on the psychological traits,treatment efficacy of the first onset schizophrenia.Methods 53 schizophrenia patients with first onset were assessed by Self-rating Scale of Systemic Family Dynamics (SSFD),Egma Minnen Bardndom Uppforstran (EMBU),Neurotism Scale (Nf),Psychoticism (PSY),Paranoia Scale (Pa),Psychopathic Deviate Scale (Pd),Tolerance Scale(To) of MMPI-2,and lie Scale (L) was used to control assessment effectiveness.40 normal control cases were assessed by SSFD and EMBU.The scale scores between study group and control groupwere compared,and correlation and regression of study group were analyzed.Results Scores of family atmosphere,individuation,system logic of SSFD were higher in study group than those in control group (t=4.04,3.295,2.44,all P＜0.05),scores of emotional warmth and understand of EMBU in father and mother were lower in study group than those in control group (t=2.925,3.45,all P＜0.01),scores of refused and deny and punishment and stern of EMBU in father and mother were higher in study group than those in control group((t=4.715,4.971,4.331,4.067,all P＜0.01)).And correlation analysis showed that refused and deny of EMBU of father and mother,punishment and stern of EMBU of mother and PSY had significantly positive correlation(r=0.3378,0.4677,0.2895,all P＜0.05),refused and deny and punishment and stern of EMBU of father and mother and Pa had significantly negative correlation (r=-0.2913,-0.3254,-0.5003,-0.3242,all P＜0.05),punishment and stern and excessive interference of EMBU of father and Pd had significant positive correlation (r=0.3417,0.2958,all P＜0.05),PSY of MMPI-2 and treatment effect had significant negative correlation (r=-0.3194,P＜0.05).Regression analysis showed that psychoticism to forecast the poor treatment effect the rate was 10.2％,father and mother the refused and deny to forecast psychoticism high mark the rate respectively were 11.41％ and 21.87％,mother the severe punishment to forecast the psychoticism high mark the rate was 8.13％,Conclusion Father and mother the refused and deny,mother severe punishment have effects on psychological traits of the first onset schizophrenia,psychoticism of psychological traits has an affect on treatment efficacy,the psychoticism high mark presages the poor treatment efficacy.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Various etiological mechanisms are involved in cerebral infarction. Both free radicals and lipid peroxidation participate in the atherosclerosis and damage of neural cells after cerebral ischemia. Compound danshen(Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) is a common prescribed Chinese herb, acting on activating blood circulation and removing stasis for cerebral infarction and coronary heart disease, but its mechanism has been unknown in many aspects.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of compound danshen on neural function defect and free radicals in patients with cerebral infarction so as to probe into its possible mechanisms.DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial.SETTING: Neurological Internal Department of a hospital affiliated to one university.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 538 inpatients were collected in Neurological Internal Department of First Hospital affiliated to Jinzhou Medical College from February to December 2002, their diagnosis compiled with "Diagnostic Keys on Every Type Cerebral Vascular Disorders" adopted on the 4th National Acadenic Meeting on Cerebral Vascular Disorders, and determined by cerebral CT scan. All of those were the first attack of atherosclerosis cerebral infarction in 72 hours. The patients with cardiac infarction, heart failure, auricular fibrillation, insufficiency of liver and kidney function,hemorrhage of digestive tract, vascular dementia and bulbar paralysis and the patients who could not be well cooperated were not included. A total of 68 patients compiled with the standards, of which, 38 patients were male and 30 patients female, aged varied from 52 to 78 years, at the average of (64. 62 ±5.80) years. The patients selected were randomized into study group and the control by lot-drawing nethod according to the hospitalized sequence and volunteer principle of the control.METHODS: The basic treatment was same in two groups. In study group,compound danshen injection was added together with physiological saline 250 mL for intra-venous drip, once daily, continuous 14 days made one course. In the control, thrombosis removing injection 15 mL was added together with physiological saline 250 mL for intra-venous drip, once daily,continuous 14 days made one course.Level of serum lipoperoxide(LPO) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD).RESULTS: Statistical differences presented in declined scores of severity of neural function defect after treatment in two groups compared with their own controls(in study group: 28.62 ±6.76 vs 13.84 ± 8.16; in the control:28.58±7.05 vs 21.52±8.24, t=8.134, t=3.796 respectively, P＜ 0. 001 ). The score in study group was declined more obviously compared with the control after treatment, indicating very significant difference ( t = 3. 861, P ＜ 0. 001 ). The effective rate of compound danshen injection was 88.24% in treatment of cerebral infarction, which significantly superior to that in the control(67.65% ) (x2 =4.19, P ＜ 0.05). Compound danshen remarkably reduced serum LPO level[ (8.69 ± 1.28) nmol/L vs (5.86 ± 1.42) nmol/L, t =8. 628, P ＜ 0. 001 ] and statistical differences presented compared with the result in the control after treatment[(5.86±1.42) nmol/L vs(8.56±0.95) nmol/L, t=9.125, P ＜0.001] . Simultaneously, SOD activity in serum was significantly increased, [ (26. 25±4. 64) mkat/g vs(30. 01 ± 3.87) mkat/g, t = 3. 629, P ＜ 0. 001] indicating statistical differences compared with the result in the control after treatment[ (30. 01 ±3.87) mkat/g vs(26.33 ±4. 14) mkat/g, t =3. 778,P ＜ 0.001].CONCLUSION: Compound danshen improves significantly neural function defect in patients with cerebral infarction, with definite therapeutic effects on the treatment. It can reduce serum LPO content and increase serum SOD activity in patients with cerebral infarction. It is predicted that removing free radicals and anti-lipid peroxidation damage is probably one of the important mechanisms of it, which provides a further theoretic evidence for the treatment of cerebral infarction clinically.