ABSTRACT
Objective To study the antagonistic effects of selenium and germanium (Se-Ge) in combination on the kidney damage induced by fluoride in rats.Methods Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups,the control group (distilled water),fluoride group (NaF,100 mg/L),fluoride plus selenium group (100 mg/L NaF + 20 mg/L Na2SeO3),fluoride plus germanium group(100 mg/L NaF + 2 000 mg/L Ge-132) and fluoride plus selenium and germanium group(100 mg/L NaF+ 20 mg/L Na2SeO3+ 2 000 mg/L Ge-132),10 in each group (males and females were in the same number).The administration was conducted through gavage for 90 days.After 90 days of treatment,the kidneys were collected and the organ coefficients were calculated,MDA contents,SOD and GSH-Px activities in the tissue were determined and the histopathological examination was done.Results Fluoride decreased the organ coefficient of kidney,Se and/or Ge showed an obvious antagonism to fluoride,administration in combination was more efficient than singly.Na2SeO3 and/or Ge-132 had an antagonistic effect to fluoride in the increase of lipid peroxide(MDA) and decrease of the activity of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),superoxide dismutase(SOD).Na2SeO3 and/or Ge132 could prevent the pathologic damage caused by fluoride in the kidneys.Conclusion Na2SeO3 and Ge-132 in combination has an obvious antagonistic effect on fluoride-induced kidney damage.
ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the combined effects of selenium (Se), germanium (Ge) on the level of Ca, Mg, Zn in the tissues of rats exposed to fluoride(F). Methods SD rats were divided into 5 groups and respectively treated with distilled water(control), 100 mg NaF/L(through drinking water), based on the fluoride treatment, Se, Ge were respectively given by gavage at the doses of 0.1 mg Na2SeO3/(kg?d), 10 mg Ge-132/(kg?d) and 0.1 mg Na2SeO3/(kg?d) plus 10 mg Ge-132/(kg?d) for 90 days. The body weight, activity, and general state were observed. The content of Ca,Mg,Zn in the serum,liver and kidneys were determined by flame atomization method. The content of F was detected by ion chromatography. Results The body weight in F+Se, F+Ge and F+Se+Ge groups were higher than that in F group and lower than that in the control group. The content of F in the liver, kidney in F+Se, F+Ge groups were higher than that in F+Se+Ge group(P
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand socio-economic losses of inpatients and deaths caused by injuries in 2000 in Ningxia and to estimate their extent of harmfulness.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eight of 35 local hospitals totaling 5 876 inpatients were recruited with two-stage sampling in Ningxia in 2000. All medical cost incurred during their hospitalizations for injuries, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, respiratory disease, cancer and communicable diseases, losses in labor time were analyzed, and years of potential life lost (YPLL), working years of potential lost (WYPLL), valued years of potential life lost (VYPLL) due to these diseases were estimated for the residents in Ningxia with corrected human capital method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The study showed that indirect economic losses due to hospitalization for injuries accounted for 24 million yuan, higher than those for other diseases. YPLL, WYPLL and VYPLL due to injuries were also higher than those in other diseases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Injury has caused serious threat to their health of the residents in Ningxia and brought heavy burden for the society and economy. It has become an important public health problem and its prevention and control should be strengthened as soon as possible.</p>