ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the adjustment and value of lymphocyte G protein-coupled receptor kinase-2 (GRK2) protein levels in patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS). Methods Forty-two patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP), 44 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), 43 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and 46 patients with normal coronary angiography (NCA) in hospital were enrolled in this study. Lymphocyte GRK2 protein levels were analyzed by Western blot in 24 h after admitted to hospital. Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis was performed based on 24 h Holter electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring. Cardiac functions were measured using ultrasonic cardiogram. The results were compared and the relationship between GRK2 protein levels and HRV, cardiac functions index was analyzed. Results The level of lymphocyte GRK2 in AMI group, UAP group, SAP group and NCA group was (209.8 ± 63.9)%, (165.6 ± 60.2)%, (131.7 ± 51.8)% and (125.3 ± 50.6)%. The levels of lymphocyte GRK2 in AMI group and UAP group was significantly higher than that in SAP group and NCA group .Moreover, the level of GRK2 was the highest in AMI group, and there were significant differences (P<0.01). The level of lymphocyte GRK2 had negative correlation with high frequency(HF), low frequency(LF), LF/HF, standard deviation NN interval (SDNN), standard deviation of the average normal RR interval for 5-minute segments (SDNNI) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (r =-0.52,-0.47,-0.53,-0.56,-0.49,-0.51, P < 0.01). Conclusions The rise of lymphocyte GRK2 protein levels is significantly associated with increased sympathetic nerve excitability and deterioration of cardiac function.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the association of T help (Th) lymphocyte and heart rate variability (HRV) in congestive heart failure (CHF) patients. Methods Ninety-six patients with CHF and thirty healthy persons were enrolled in the study. Time-domain HRV analysis was performed based on 24 hour Holter Electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) was used as markers for the differentiation of Th1 subsets and interleukin-10 (IL-10) for the Th2 subsets. IFN-γand IL-10 in CD4 + T lymphocytes were quantified by 3-color flow cytometry. Results The frequency of IL-10-Producing T Cells in the CHF group was significantly lower than those in the healthy control ( ( 16.4 ± 5.8 ) % vs. ( 26.8 ± 3.7 ) %, t = 9. 243, P ＜ 0. 001 ). The frequency of IFN-γ in the CHF group ( ( 18.4 ± 7.3 )% ) was significantly lower than that in the healthy controls ( (7.3 ±4.6) % ,t =7. 917, P ＜ 0. 001 ). The following index of HRV in the CHF groups were all significantly lower than those in the healthy controls: (98. 6 ± 21.3) ms vs. ( 145. 1 ± 42. 6) ms for SDNN, (83. 9 ± 22.4) ms vs.(136.5 ±39.6)ms for SDANN, (40.6 ± 14.5) ms vs. (55.8 ± 17.9) ms for SDNNI, (20. 7 ± 12.9) ms vs.(29.1 ± 12.6) ms for RMSSD, (5.6 ± 3.7 ) % vs. ( 11.8 ± 4.4) % for PNN50 ( Ps ＜ 0.05 ). In CHF patients, the frequency of IL-10 were positively associated with SDNN, SDANN, SDNNI, RMSSD and PNN50 ( r = 0. 49,0. 57,0. 58,0.47 and 0. 52 ,respectively,Ps ＜ 0.01 ). In the CHF patients, the frequency of IFN-γand IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio were negatively associated with SDNN ,SDANN ,SDNNI, RMSSD and PNN50 ( r = - 0. 49, - 0. 54, - 0. 57, - 0.52,- 0.53, - 0. 52, - 0.64, - 0.57, - 0. 58, - 0. 67, Ps ＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusions Autonomic nervous system is involved in the regulation of the balance of Th1/Th2 in patients with CHF. Sympathetic nerve system enhances the effect of Th1 ,whereas parasympathetic nervous system enhances the effect of Th2.