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Objective: To investigate the effect of exenatide on body weight, blood glucose, blood lipids, insulin resistance and the degree of fatty liver in young and middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Meth-ods: Totally 70 young and middle-aged patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes and NAFLD were chosen and randomly divided into observation group and the control group with 35 cases in each group. The patients were treated with exenatide or isophane prota-mine biosynthetic human insulin injection for 3 months on the basis of original oral hypoglycemic drugs. The body weight, BMI, waist circumference, HOMA-IR, plasma glucose (FPG), 2 hour postprandial blood glucose (2hPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc), blood lipids, liver function indices (ALT, AST and GGT), and the severity of fatty liver were compared before and after the treatment. Re-sults: After the 3-month treatment, there was no significant difference in glycemic control between observation group and the control group. After treatment, the body weight, BMI, waist circumference, HOMA-IR, TG, ALT, AST and GGT in observation were signifi-cantly decreased than those before the treatment(P<0. 05), and were superion to those in control group(P<0. 05). While in the control group, all the above indices were not significantly changed before and after the treatment (P>0. 05). The total efficiency for treating NAFLD in observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Besides reducing blood glucose effectively, exenatide can also obviously reduce body weight and TG level, improve insulin resistance, decrease liver en-zymes, and significantly ameliorate the degree of fatty liver. The results suggested that exenatide might be a new therapeutic option for young and middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes and NAFLD.
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Objective: To investigate the effects of exenatide on body weight, blood glucose, blood lipids and proteinuria in obese and overweight young and middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes to provide reference for better controlling the macro-vascular and micro-vascular complications in the patients.Methods: Totally 60 obese and overweight young and middle-aged patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes were chosen and randomly divided into exenatide group and novolin N group with 30 ones in each.The patients maintained the previous oral hypoglycemic drugs, and exenatide group was treated with exenatide, Novolin N group was treated with protamine biosynthetie human insulin(NovolinN), and the treatment course was 3 months.The body weight, BMI, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2hPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), fasting C-peptide (FCP), 2-hour postprandial C-peptide (2hCP), blood lipids, plasma homocysteine (HCY) and urine microalbumin (UMA) were compared before and after the treatment.Results: After 3 month treatment,the FPG,zhpG and HbAlc were significantly decreased both in exenatide group and NwoCinN group(P0.05).In exenatide group, the levels of FCP and 2hCP were higher than those before the treatment (P0.05).Conclusion: Exenatide can effectively control blood glucose, improve β-cell function, reduce body weight, lower blood lipids and decrease urine protein.
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Objective:To investigate the effects of safflor yellow ( SY) on body fat, fatty liver and insulin resistance in diet-in-duced obese mice. Methods:Male C57BL/6 mice at the age of 4 weeks were fed with high fat diet ( HF) for 8 weeks to make the obese model. The mice were intraperitoneally injected SY (100 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 ) for 6 weeks. At the end of experiment, the introper-itoneal glucose tolerance test ( IPGTT) and insulin tolerance test ( ITT) were performed, and the body fat, blood lipid profile and the other metabolic parameters were detected. Meanwhile, the epididymis fat and liver tissue were withdrawn for HE staining, the adipo-cyte area was quantified and the morphology of liver was observed. Results:SY significantly reduced the body weight, body fat mass, adipocyte area, liver weight and blood lipid levels of the obese mice (P<0. 05), and fatty liver was obviously alleviated after the ad-ministration of SY. Meanwhile, IPITT and ITT tests showed that SY significantly improved the glucose intolerance and insulin resist-ance of the obese mice(P<0. 05). Conclusion:SY has significant weight-loss effects and it can alleviate fatty liver, and improve glu-cose intolerance and insulin resistance in diet-induced obese mice.
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Objective To investigate a method for isolation and purification of pancreatic islets in mice,aiming to enhance the quantity and activity of pancreatic islets.Methods The pancreas were digested by retrograde common bile duct perfusion of collagenase,discontinuous density gradient centrifugation and the islets were selected and purified by manual method.After overnight culture,the pancreatic islets were incubated by static glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS)and the islet function was assessed.The subcellular structure of islet βcells was observed under transmission electron microscopy.Results Using the modified method,(200 ±20)islets were collected in each mouse with a mean diameter of (175 ±22)μm. The insulin levels in the stimulation of low (2.8 mmol/L)and high glucose (16.7 mmol/L)were (0.33 ± 0.07)and (1.36 ±0.47 )ng/(islet · 60 min),which were detected by GSIS.Insulin levels in the stimulation of high sugar is 4.12 times of those of low sugar with a statistical significance (P <0.05).It was revealed by transmission electron microscopy that the pancreatic βcell membrane and mitochondrial membrane was intact and insulin granules of different sizes could be seen within βcells.Conclusions Retrograde common bile duct perfusion of collagenase,discontinuous density gradient centrifugation combined with manual selection in vitro is a convenient,fast and stable method for isolating mouse islets,which can get pancreatic islets with relatively high output,intact cellular morphology,and good reactivity of GSIS.
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Mouse and rat models of type 2 diabetes mellitus play a key role in basic and clinical translational stud-ies.Different animal models should match the determined investigational objects and methods .In this review, the estab-lishments and diabetes-specific changes of various animal models were described , which will be helpful for better use of ani-mal models in research of diabetes mellitus .