Plurihormonal PIT1-lineage pituitary neuroendocrine tumors: a clinicopathological study / 中华病理学杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of plurihormonal PIT1-lineage pituitary neuroendocrine tumors. Methods: Forty-eight plurihormonal PIT1-lineage tumors were collected between January 2018 and April 2022 from the pathological database of Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University. The related clinical and imaging data were retrieved. H&E, immunohistochemical and special stains were performed. Results: Out of the 48 plurihormonal PIT1-lineage tumors included, 13 cases were mature PIT1-lineage tumors and 35 cases were immature PIT1-lineage tumors. There were some obvious clinicopathological differences between the two groups. Clinically, the mature plurihormonal PIT1-lineage tumor mostly had endocrine symptoms due to increased hormone production, while a small number of immature PIT1-lineage tumors had endocrine symptoms accompanied by low-level increased serum pituitary hormone; patients with the immature PIT1-lineage tumors were younger than the mature PIT1-lineage tumors; the immature PIT1-lineage tumors were larger in size and more likely invasive in imaging. Histopathologically, the mature PIT1-lineage tumors were composed of large eosinophilic cells with high proportion of growth hormone expression, while the immature PIT1-lineage tumors consisted of chromophobe cells with a relatively higher expression of prolactin; the mature PIT1-lineage tumors had consistently diffuse cytoplasmic positive staining for keratin, while the immature PIT1-lineage tumors had various expression for keratin; the immature PIT1-lineage tumors showed more mitotic figures and higher Ki-67 proliferation index; in addition, 25.0% (12/48) of PIT1-positive plurihormonal tumors showed abnormal positive staining for gonadotropin hormones. There was no significant difference in the progression-free survival between the two groups (P=0.648) by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Conclusions: Plurihormonal PIT1-lineage tumor belongs to a rare type of PIT1-lineage pituitary neuroendocrine tumors, most of which are of immature lineage. Clinically increased symptoms owing to pituitary hormone secretion, histopathologically increased number of eosinophilic tumor cells with high proportion of growth hormone expression, diffusely cytoplasmic keratin staining and low proliferative activity can help differentiate the mature plurihormonal PIT1-lineage tumors from the immature PIT1-lineage tumors. The immature PIT1-lineage tumors have more complicated clinicopathological characteristics.

Effects of physical activity on heart rate variability in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis / Efeitos da atividade física na variabilidade da frequência cardíaca em crianças e adolescentes: uma revisão sistemática e meta-análise

Abstract The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of physical activity (PA) on heart rate variability (HRV) in children and adolescents. We conducted a research of Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer-Link and EBSCO-host. The revised Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used in an investigative analysis to assess bias risk. A total of 21 studies were included. Overall, medium-sized associations were found between PA and low frequency and high frequency in children and adolescents. High PA level had significantly higher standard deviation of RR intervals and root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent RR intervals in children and adolescents. The effects of PA on HRV were consistent in children and adolescents. Our systematic review and meta-analysis revealed medium-sized between PA and HRV in children and adolescents. Promoting children's and adolescents' participation in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) will increase parasympathetic nerve activity and decreased sympathetic nerve activity. Our findings support motivating children and adolescents to engage in more MVPA in their daily lives to improve autonomic nervous system function and promote cardiovascular safety.

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi investigar os efeitos da atividade física (AF) na variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) em crianças e adolescentes. Realizamos uma pesquisa nas bases Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer-Link e EBSCO-host. A Escala Newcastle-Ottawa revisada foi utilizada para avaliar o risco de enviesamento. Um total de 21 estudos foi incluído. De forma geral, foram encontradas associações de médio porte entre AF e baixa frequência e alta frequência em crianças e adolescentes. O alto nível de AF teve um desvio padrão significativamente maior dos intervalos e raiz da média da soma dos quadrados de diferenças entre os intervalos RR adjacentes em crianças e adolescentes. Os efeitos de AF sobre VFC foram consistentes em crianças e adolescentes. Nossa revisão sistemática e meta-análise revelou que AF e VFC em crianças e adolescentes são de médio porte. Promover a participação de crianças e adolescentes em atividade física de moderada à vigorosa (AFMV) aumentará a atividade nervosa parassimpática e diminuirá a atividade nervosa simpática. Nossas descobertas apoiam a motivação de crianças e adolescentes a se envolverem mais na AFMV em suas vidas diárias para melhorar o funcionamento do sistema nervoso autônomo e promover a segurança cardiovascular.

Age related changes in cervical range of motion and its relationship with cervical spondylosis in school students aged 12-18 in Nanyang City / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the age related changes in cervical range of motion (CROM) and its relationship with cervical spondylosis in school students aged 12-18 in Nanyang City, to provide reference for prevention, early diagnosis and treatment evaluation of cervical spondylosis.@*Methods@#Stratified sampling was adopted in 13 counties and districts of Nanyang City and 890 students aged 12-18 were assessed for CROM using the Coda Motion Analyzer. SPSS 19.0 was used to data analyze.@*Results@#A decreasing trend was observed in CROM among boys and girls aged 12-18 years in Nanyang. For boys aged 15 and 18 years old, higher anterior flexion ( t =2.02, 2.70), posterior extension ( t =2.01, 2.81), left flexion ( t =3.51, 2.99), right flexion ( t =5.07, 2.66), sinistral ( t =2.28, 2.92) and dextral ( t =2.91,3.60) were found compared with younger age groups ( P <0.05). Similar findings were found in girls aged 15 and 18-years old [anterior flexion ( t =2.38, 2.20), posterior extension ( t =2.09,2.02), left flexion ( t =2.33, 2.55), right flexion ( t =7.34, 4.60), sinistral ( t =3.73, 2.35) and dextral ( t =2.31, 3.99, P <0.05). Except for the right flexion, the CROM of boys in was higher than that of girls at the same age group. The prevalence of cervical spondylosis showed an increasing trend (boys: χ 2 trend =13.93, girls: χ 2 trend =12.87, P <0.05). Except for 14-year-old group, the prevalence of cervical spondylosis in girls was higher than that in boys, with significant differences observed in 15 and 17-year-old groups ( χ 2=10.35, 9.64, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#With the increase of age, the CROM of male and female students shows a downward trend in general. The prevalence of cervical spondylosis increases with the decrease of CROM. CROM measurement is conducive to the prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of juvenile cervical spondylosis.

Analysis on off-label use of drugs in pediatric guidelines and consensus published by Chinese authors / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To understand the current situation regarding pediatric off-label use of drugs recommendations in Chinese clinical practice guidelines and to make recommendations for standardized reporting format regarding off-label use of drugs for children. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out by systematically searching the databases for Chinese guideline consensus articles published in journals between 2018 and 2020 and extracting recommendations regarding off-label use of drugs from those articles. The essential characteristics of the included guidelines, the ranking of off-label drug types, the order of drug information, the type of off-label drug use, and the percentage of citation studies on which the recommendations were based were analyzed. Results: Among 108 studies that included Chinese off-label guidelines and consensus, 364 recommendations on pediatric off-label use of drugs were included. The Chinese Medical Association published the most, 48 out of the 108 studies (44.4%), and of those 14 studies (13.0%) were on infectious and parasitic diseases. Of the 364 recommendations on off-label use of drugs, the most commonly addressed drugs were 16 recommendations (4.4%) for cyclosporine A, 11 recommendations (3.0%) for methotrexate , and 11 recommendations (3.0%) for fentanyl. The most commonly addressed drug categories were as follows: 68 recommendations (18.6%) were immune system drugs, 66 recommendations (18.1%) were anti-infectives, and 56 recommendations (15.4%) were oncology drugs. The most commonly addressed drug information accounts were as follows: 364 recommendations (100.0%) were indications, 204 recommendations (56.0%) were dosages, and 198 recommendations (54.4%) were the route of administration. Based on the instructions approved by the Chinese Food and Drug Administration, the main forms of the off-label drug were as follows: 175 recommendations (48.1%) were unapproved indications, 127 recommendations (34.9%) were unapproved populations, and 72 recommendations (19.8%) were unapproved ages. Only 129 recommendations (35.4%) were cited, mainly including clinical guidelines (48 studies, 23.4%), reviews (22 studies, 10.7%), and pediatric randomized controlled trials (22 studies, 10.7%). Conclusions: Off-label use of drugs is commonly recommended in pediatric guidelines and consensus documents written by Chinese authors. However, the reporting of the recommendations varies widely, and the quality of the supporting evidence is poor.

Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention on Th17/Treg Balance in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）， a common clinical chronic respiratory disease， has a long course and is intractable. It is closely related to many factors， such as immune imbalance. Helper T cell 17 （Th17）， an immune-promoting cell， and regulatory T cell （Treg）， an immunosuppressive cell， maintain the balance of the immune microenvironment together. In the course of COPD， the proportion of Th17 cells usually increases， while the proportion of Tregs that inhibit Th17 activity decreases. Their coordination and balance are critical in the inflammatory and immune processes of COPD. At present， COPD is mainly treated with nasal inhalation preparations and oral drugs by western medicine. In spite of a certain therapeutic effect， side effects of drugs and heavy economic burden are becoming increasingly prominent. Modern research shows that traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has the characteristics of few side effects， stable curative effect， and multi-target regulation， and it is advantageous and promising in the prevention and treatment of COPD. In recent years， a large number of TCM clinical and experimental trials on the intervention of Th17/Treg balance in COPD have been launched. Substantial pieces of evidence confirm that the intervention of Th17/Treg balance is an important potential target of TCM in the treatment of COPD. This study reviewed the previous research on the intervention effect of single Chinese medicine， effective components of Chinese medicine， and Chinese medicinal compound on Th17/Treg balance in COPD to comprehensively reveal the potential target of Th17/Treg balance in COPD for clinicians and scientific researchers， promote relevant research， and provide references for the rational application of TCM in the prevention and treatment of COPD.

Association between health literacy and health related quality of life among primary and middle school students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the association between health literacy (HL) and health related quality of life (HRQoL) among primary and middle school students in Nanjing,and to provide a reference for improving health literacy and health related quality of life among children.@*Methods@#In this cross sectional study, by using a multi stage rondom duster sampling method,a total of 4 388 primary (4-6), junior (grades 7-9) and senior (grades 10-12) high school students were randomly selected in Nanjing during May and June of 2018. HRQoL was measured as continuous variable with the validated Chinese version of Child Health Utility 9D (CHU9D CHN); the relationship between health literacy level and HRQoL was examined using mixed effect linear regression models and reported as mean difference ( MD ) and 95% confidence interval( CI ).@*Results@#There were 85.8% participants who obtained adequate health literacy level, while the mean score of CHU9D CHN was (0.78±0.17) for overall participants. After control for potential confounding factors and class level clustering effects, participants who self reported adequate HL recorded an increased HRQoL scores of 0.08 (95% CI =0.06-0.10) units relative to those self reporting inadequate HL. According to the stratified analysis of students gender, school type and place of residence, the results show that after adjusting the relevant confounding factors and the aggregation of class level, compared with the students without health literacy, the score of health related quality of life of those with health literacy increased significantly.@*Conclusion@#Health literacy of primary school students in Nanjing is positively related to health related life qualities.Therefore,there is a need to promote student s health related quality of life through health literacy.

Epidemiological characteristics of children s Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease and its association with temperature in Nanjing from 2011-2016 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#This study aims to investigate the epidemiological distribution of HFMD and quantify the association of temperature with the incidence of children’s HFMD in Nanjing, China.@*Methods@#Daily counts of HFMD in children under 5 years and daily meteorological variables during 2011-2016 were obtained. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the epidemiological characteristics and distributed lag non linear model (DLNM) was used to assess the associations of temperature on HFMD cases.@*Results@#A total of 104 977 HFMD cases aged 0-5 years were reported in Nanjing during the study period and the male to female sex ratio was 1.49∶1. The average annual incidence was 213.5 per 100 000. A bimodal seasonal pattern was observed and the south and west were found to be the high incidence areas in the city. Of these laboratory confirmed enteroviruses positive cases, 32.5% cases were positive for EV-A71 infections, 29.1% cases were positive for CV-A16 infections and 38.4% cases were positive of other enteroviruses infections. The temperature HFMD relationships were non linear and showed obvious lag effects. The cumulative relative risk presented as an approximately inverted U shape over 14 days and peaked at 25.7 ℃ with value of 2.71(95%CI=1.93-3.81). Subgroup analyses revealed that males and children aged <1 year were more vulnerable to temperature variations.@*Conclusion@#Epidemiological characteristics of HFMD among children aged 0-5 years old in Nanjing presented temporal and regional distribution. The temperature has significant impact on children’s HFMD occurrence.

Recommendations of Clinical Practice Guidelines of Stroke Rehabilitation / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To analyze the contents of the recommendations of stroke clinical rehabilitation guidelines in order to provide advice for the development and implementation of stroke rehabilitation guidelines.Methods PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI, China Biology Medicine disc, Wanfang databases and guideline-related websites were retrieved from the date of establishment to January 2020, to collect stroke clinical rehabilitation guidelines. The main content, recommendations based on evidence, the type of evidences, and the scope of evidence classification had been explored based on World Health Organization Handbook for Guideline Development-2nd Edition.Results A total of twelve guidelines were included in this study, one in Chinese and eleven in English. They were from the United States (3 guidelines), United Kingdom (3 guidelines), Canada (3 guidelines), Australia (2 guidelines) and China (1 guidelines), and published from September, 2005 to February, 2019. Three articles (25.0%) used the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) for quality evaluation, and two articles (16.7%) used Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) as the grading system. The recommendations covered the areas such as: cognitive dysfunction (4 dimensions) with a recommendation of cognitive function assessment at most (7 guidelines, 66.7%), language and swallowing dysfunction (5 dimensions) with a recommendation of swallowing-related complications at most (10 guidelines, 83.3%), motor dysfunction (6 dimensions) with a recommendation of spasm treatment at most (10 guidelines, 83.3%), and psychological and behavioral dysfunction (4 dimensions) with a recommendation for assessment or monitoring at most (6 guidelines, 50.0%). There were many recommendations in these areas, but the types of evidence were different, and observational studies and/or randomized controlled trials accounted for most.Conclusion There are different types of evidence and levels of recommendation strength. It is proposed for future guideline developers in stroke rehabilitation to follow World Health Organization Handbook for Guideline Development-2nd Edition to improve the quality and the overall implementation of the rehabilitation guidelines, and to improve the quality and safety of rehabilitation.

Clinical Practice Guidelines of Rehabilitation: Composition of Expert Group and Situation of Conflict of Interest / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To evaluate and analyze the panel composition and conflict of interest management of clinical practice guidelines of rehabilitation.Methods Clinical practice guidelines of rehabilitation were systematically retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, China Biology Medicine disc, CNKI, Wanfang Data and Medlive database, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, National Guideline Clearinghouse, The Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, World Health Organization (WHO) and Guidelines International Network until January 11, 2020. Two researchers independently screened and cross-checked the literatures, and extracted the basic information of included guidelines, including the title, formulating institution, published journol, as well as the expert group, the number of expert group, the specific division of labor and their discipline, affiliation and the geographic location, the statement and management of conflict of interest, types of conflicts of interest, and whether to accept fund and the source of the fund.Results A total of 84 guidelines were finally included, 17 domestic ones and 67 foreign ones, in which, 52 (61.9%) reported the expert panel; 22 (26.2%) reported the number of expert panel groups, 21 (25.0%) indicated the specific division of work among the members of the expert panel, 74 (88.1%) reported the names of the members of the expert panel, 47 (56.0%) reported the subjects and specialties of the panelists, 70 (83.3%) reported the affiliation and location of panelists, 14 (16.7%) mentioned the management of conflicts of interest, and 25 (29.8%) reported if there were conflicts of interest. Only five of the 16 funded guidelines stated that there was no conflict of interest between the funding and the development of the guidelines. Among them, the reporting rate of expert panel was significantly higher in foreign countries than in China (χ2 = 9.542, P < 0.01), the reporting rate of name of expert panel members and specific division of labor were higher in foreign countries than in China ( χ2 > 4.155, P < 0.05), and the reporting rate of conflict of interest management was also higher in foreign countries than in China ( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in whether there was a conflict of interest, whether it was funded and the type of funding at home and abroad ( P > 0.05). Conclusion In gerenal, clinical practice guidelines of rehabilitation published at home and abroad are necessary to be improved in the reporting quality of expert group formulation and division of labor, conflict of interest reporting and management. It is proposed that future guideline developers should follow the WHO Handbook for Guideline Development, assign roles of experts, strengthen the management and reporting of conflicts of interest, and standarderize the development process and reporting of the guidelines.

Combined association of physical activity and screen time with healthrelated quality of life among primary and middle school students in China / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the association of physical activity and screen time with health-related quality of life among students in China.@*Methods@#A total of 4 388 students (graders 4-12) were randomly selected from primary, junior and senior high schools in Nanjing, China, to take part in this cross-sectional questionnaire survey in 2018. The associations of physical activity and screen time with health-related quality of life were assessed using mixed-effects linear regression models and reported as mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval(CI).@*Results@#After adjustment for potential confounders and class-level clustering effects, students with sufficient physical activity reported an increased 0.03 (95%CI=0.01-0.05) unit of the Child Health Utility 9D (CHU9D) scores compared to their counterparts with insufficient physical activity, while participants with short screen time also recorded higher CHU9D scores 0.05(95%CI=0.02-0.08) than those with prolonged screen time. Relative to those with insufficient physical activity and prolonged screen time, students with insufficient physical activity and short screen time 0.05(95%CI=0.02-0.09), or students with sufficient physical activity and prolonged screen time 0.03(95%CI=-0.03-0.10), or students with sufficient physical activity and short screen time 0.08(95%CI=0.05-0.12), respectively, reported increased CHU9D scores.@*Conclusion@#Health-related quality of life was positively associated with physical activity, but negatively with screen time. Moreover, these two factors may have a combined effect on health-related quality of life.

Network Pharmacology of Polygalae Radix and Gastrodiae Rhizoma in Treating Epilepsy / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To construct a "drug-target-pathway" network of Polygalae Radix and Gastrodiae Rhizoma in treating epilepsy, in order to explore the "multi-component, multi-target, multi-pathway" mechanism of the two kinds of traditional Chinese medicines. Method:According to the reverse pharmacophore matching method, potential targets of Polygalae Radix and Gastrodiae Rhizoma were predicted. Biological information annotation databases were used to analyze the molecular function and biological process of the action targets. Cytoscape 3.2.1 software was used to construct the "ingredient-core, target-pathway" network of Polygalae Radix and Gastrodiae Rhizoma for the treatment of epilepsy. Result:The 14 major constituents from Polygalae Radix exhibited interactions with 105 potential targets, and the 12 compounds from Gastrodiae Rhizoma showed interactions with 109 potential targets, involving several cancer signaling pathways, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) biological process played roles in the treatment of epilepsy. Conclusion:According to the screening for the potential targets relating to epilepsy and the evidences obtaining from docking study, we demonstrated that constituents from Polygalae Radix and Gastrodiae Rhizoma could play an anticonvulsant role by mediating the levels of monoamine substances. The conclusion is close to literatures published online to a certain degree, suggesting the accuracy of the study on the effect of Polygalae Radix and Gastrodiae Rhizoma in treating epilepsy according to the network pharmacology.

Relationship between Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Pulse Wave Velocity in Young Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The incidence of atherosclerosis-related myocardial infarction can be as much as 50-fold greater in young patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) than in age-matched controls. There are several explanations for this phenomenon, all of which result in a chronic state of low-grade inflammation. Recently, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been proposed as a useful biomarker of inflammation. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a reliable indicator of vascular damage and atherosclerosis. There is a paucity of data concerning the relationship between NLR and atherosclerosis as measured by PWV in patients with SLE. This study aimed to verify whether there is a positive correlation between NLR and PWV and to explore factors that influence PWV in young SLE patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 90 female patients with SLE were enrolled in this cross-sectional investigation. Traditional and nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors were assessed on the same day that brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV) was examined. The patients were divided into three groups according to their mean baPWV values: patients whose mean baPWV value was lower than the first tertile were placed in Group 1; patients whose mean baPWV value was between the first tertile and the second tertile were placed in Group 2; and patients whose mean baPWV value was higher than the second tertile were placed in Group 3. SPSS 20.0 was used to perform all statistical analyses in this study. Both univariate linear regression and multivariate regression models were utilized to analyze the association between NLR and arterial stiffness.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and triglycerides were all significantly different among Groups 1, 2, and 3 (111.90 ± 12.85 mmHg vs. 114.60 ± 12.88 mmHg vs. 129.43 ± 16.21 mmHg, P < 0.001; 68.77 ± 8.63 mmHg vs. 71.87 ± 9.77 mmHg vs. 82.57 ± 14.89 mmHg, P < 0.001; and 1.44 [0.91-2.47] mmol/L vs. 0.98 [0.78-1.26] mmol/L vs. 2.20 [0.94-3.66] mmol/L, P = 0.030; respectively), as were creatinine (57.50 [52.00-69.00] μmol/L vs. 55.50 [49.00-64.00] μmol/L vs. 64.00 [56.00-86.00] μmol/L, P = 0.045) and blood urea nitrogen (4.27 [3.79-6.22] mmol/L vs. 4.16 [3.47-4.84] mmol/L vs. 5.88 [4.04-8.19] mmol/L, P = 0.011). NLRs were significantly different among Groups 1, 2, and 3 (2.16 [1.56-3.42] vs. 3.12 [1.91-4.19] vs. 5.29 [2.63-7.25], P = 0.001). NLR, together with DBP and the SLE disease activity index, independently predicts PWV.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This study demonstrated that there was a positive correlation between NLR and PWV. Moreover, we found that disease activity and DBP were also positively correlated with PWV.</p>

Evaluation of the ocular surface in the patients after strabismus surgery / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

·AIM:To evaluate the ocular surface in the patients after strabismus surgery. ·METHODS: One hundred and eighty-eight hospitalized patients (240 eyes) with strabismus from May 2015 to October 2016 in Aier Hospital were divided into 3 groups according to the type of incision:85 cases(100 eyes) with the corneal limbus incision in Group A;35 cases(50 eyes) with the cross-muscle incision in Group B; 68 cases (90 eyes) with the adjacent-fornix incision (including Parks incisions and improved Parks incisions) in Group C. And 75 eyes with single extraoeular muscle surgery, 110 eyes with 2 extraoeular muscle surgery, 55 cases with 3 extraoeular muscle surgery. The first noninvasive tear film break-up time (NITBUTf) and the tear meniscus height (TMH) were tested by Oculus anterior segment analyzer preoperatively and 1d, 1, 2 and 4wk postoperatively. The data were studied by statistics. · RESULTS: Comparing with preoperative, TMH increased significantly at post-operatively 1d in all group, NIKBUTf reduced significantly(P<0.05). NIKBUTf was recovered in Group A at post-operative 2wk. NIKBUTf were recovered in Group B and C at post-operative 1wk. TMH were recovered in Group A and B at post-operative 2wk. TMH was recovered in Group C at post-operative 1wk. NIKBUTf and TMH were recovered with the single extraoeular muscle surgery at post-operative 1wk. They were recovered at post-operative 2wk with the 2 and 3 extraoeular muscle surgery. ·CONCLUSION: Surgical incision and surgical muscle number may affect the ocular surface of the people after strabismus surgery. The adjacent fornix conjunctival incision has less effect. The less number of muscles in strabismus surgery,the less effect on ocular surface.

Selection of Biopsy Site for Patients with Systematic Amyloidosis / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To evaluate the sensitivities of various biopsy methods for the diagnosis of systematic amyloidosis (SA). Methods The clinical data and biopsy results of 194 SA patients who were treated in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2009 to June 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Results The highest sensitivity was achieved by biopsy of affected organs,with renal biopsy 97.4%,heart biopsy 95.0% and liver biopsy 87.5%. Among non-invasive biopsy methods,tongue biopsy was found to be 75% sensitive,followed by gingiva biopsy at 57%,abdominal fat pad aspiration at 57%,rectum biopsy at 16%,and bone marrow examination at 8%. Combination of tongue and abdominal fat pad biopsy yielded a detection rate of 93.1%. Conclusions Biopsy of the involved organ has the highest sensitivity. However,combination of multiple non-invasive biopsy methods may has sensitivity comparable to organ biopsy and is safer and more convenient.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 1,3 dioxolo 4,5-fisoindolone derivatives / 药学学报

A series of [1,3]dioxolo[4,5-f]isoindolone derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterases (AChE). Furthermore, their effects on memory impairment of mice induced by scopolamine were investigated with step-through test. The results suggested that most of the target compounds exhibited potential inhibition on AChE with IC50 values at micromolar range. Compounds I1 (IC50 value of 0.086 μmol · L(-1)) and I2 (IC50 value of 0.080 μmol · L(-1)) showed the strongest AChE inhibitory activity, which are equipotent to donepezil (IC50 value of 0.094 μmol · L(-1)). Moreover, compounds I1-I4 could improve the memory impairment induced by scopolamine in mice.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 4-substituted-3-nitrobenzamide derivatives / 药学学报

A series of novel 4-substituted-3-nitrobenzamide derivatives were designed and synthesized. The structures of the target compounds were confirmed with 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS and element analysis. Anti-tumor activities against HCT-116, MDA-MB435 and HL-60 cell lines in vitro were evaluated by SRB assay. The results indicated most of the target compounds exhibited potent anti-tumor activity. Compound 4a showed the most potent inhibitory activities against three cancer cell lines with the GI50 values of 1.904-2.111 micromol x L(-1). Compounds 4g, 41-4n exhibited more potent inhibitory activities against MDA-MB435 and HL-60 cell lines with the GI50 values of 1.008-3.586 micromol x L(-1) and 1.993-3.778 micromol x L(-1), respectively. The structure-activity relationship of these compounds is discussed preliminarily.

Detection rate of Helicobacter pylori and its clinical significance in children with Meckel's diverticulum / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the detection rate of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) in children with Meckel's diverticulum (MD) and its clinical significance among children with MD.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty-one children with MD were divided into two groups according to the presence (n=45) or absence (n=36) of digestive hemorrhage. The detection rates of Hp in MD tissues and stomach tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry. The detection rates of Hp were compared between the two groups and between the MD tissues with different clinical features in the hemorrhage group.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The detection rate of Hp in MD tissues for the hemorrhage group was 76% (34/45), which was significantly higher than that for the non-hemorrhage group (47%, 17/36) (P<0.05). The detection rate of Hp in stomach tissues for the hemorrhage group (87%, 39/45) was insignificantly higher than that for the non-hemorrhage group (67%, 24/36) (P>0.05). Among patients in the bleeding group, the detection rate of Hp in MD tissues showed no relationship with age, sex, preoperative hemorrhage frequency, amount of hemorrhage, length of MD, basal diameter of MD, and pathological type (P>0.05), but was related to location of MD, presence or absence of ulcer, and depth of ulcer (P<0.05). For the hemorrhage group, a significant positive correlation was found between the detection rates of Hp in MD tissues and stomach tissues (P<0.05), as shown by the Spearman correlation analysis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The detection rate of Hp in MD tissues is increased in children with MD complicated by digestive hemorrhage. Hp infection may play some role in the hemorrhage process among children with MD.</p>

Physiological properties and functions of microglia / 生理学报

Microglia, the resident immune effective cells of the central nervous system, play crucial roles in mediating immune-related process. It becomes activated quickly in response to even minor pathological insults and participates in series of immune responses. Under physiological conditions, most microglia stay in a typical resting state, with ramified processes continuously extending and retracting from surrounding neural tissues, suggesting an important function of resting microglia. Recent studies indicate that resting microglia can regulate many physiological processes, including neural development, neural circuit formation, neuronal activity and plasticity, and animal grooming behavior. Here, we review the properties of resting microglia and further discuss how microglia participate in the above-mentioned functional regulation under physiological conditions.

Epigenetic Regulation of the ERβ Gene on the Estrogen Signal Transfection Pathway in Colon Cancer Cells / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

We studied the regulatory effects of the estragen receptorβ(ERβ)gene on the downstream estrogen signal transfection pathway in colon cancer cells and the possible mechanisms involved.A human ERβ gene recombinant expression plasmid,pEGFP-C1-ERβ,was constructed and transfected into the Caco-2 colon cancer cell line,a line with low ERβ gene expression.The expression of ERβmRNA and protein was detected 72 h after transfection.RT-PCR was used to examine the expression levels of the progesterone recepror(PR)gene containing the classic estrogen response element(ERE),the C-fos oncogene containing the AP-1 site(a non-classical ER binding site),the epigenetic modifying genes,such as Dnmt1,Dnmt3a,Dnmt3b,and histone methyltransferase(HMT),and the human mismatch repair gene hMLH1.Methylation-specific PCR was used to detect the changes in the methylated sites of the CpG islands in the promoters of the ERβ,PR,and C-fos genes.The results indicated that the human ERβ gene recombinant expression plasmid pEGFP-C1-ERβ was successfully constructed and transfected into Caco-2 cells.As compared with the control group,the mRNA and protein expression of ERβ gene was increased significantly 72 h after the transfection of pEGFP-C1-ERβ into the Caco-2 cells.As compared with the control group,the mRNA expression of the PR,C-fos,Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b genes was increased significantly 72 h after the transfection of pEGFP-C1-ERβ into the Caco-2 cells,but the mRNA expression of the Dnmt1,HMT,and hMLH1 genes decreased significantly(P<0.05).As compared with the control group,different degrees of demethylation occurred in the promoters of the ERβ,progesterone receptor(PR),and C-fos oncogene 72h after the transfection of pEGFP-C1-ERβ into the Caco-2 cells.The methylation index of the estrogen signal transfection pathway in Caco-2 cells was decreased significantly following the expression restoration of ERβ gene(P<0.05).It is concluded that the restoration or up-regulation of the ERβ gene in Caco-2 cells may significantly activate the expression of the related target genes in the downstream estrogen signal transfection pathway and may result in the demethylation changes of the pathway.During the process,the expression level and activity of the epigenetic modifying genes and the human mismatch repair gene have changed simultaneously.The regulatory effect of the ERβ gene on the estrogen signal transfection pathway to a certain extent partly involves demethylation.

Effect of mutations in the 5'untranslated region pyrimidine-rich tract on the virulence variation of coxsackievirus B1 / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To evaluate the infectivity and virulence variation caused by mutations in the 5' untranslated region(5'UTR)pyrimidine-rich tract of coxsackievirus B1(CVB1)genome.Methods Five pyrimidines in the 5'UTR pyrimidine-rich tract(nt563-nt573)of CVB1 genome were substituted with purines by site-directed mutagenesis.The mutant,CVB1/m563-573,was purified by plaque assay,and subjected to infectivity and virulence assessments by means of cytopathic effect(CPE),plaque forming,one-step growth curve,and 50% lethal dose(LD50)assays.Results Sequencing data revealed that the sequence of pyrimidine-rich tract in the 5'UTR of CVB1/m563-573 mutant was exactly identical to our design(C565A,U567C,U568A,U570A,and U572G).CPE assay showed that the infectivity of CVB1/m563-573 was weaker than that of its prototype CVB1/wt(A490=0.710±0.074,0.812±0.092)though no significant difference could be observed(t=-2.204,P>0.05).Plaque forming assay showed that the plaque quantities of CVB1/m563-573 were(6.40±1.52)×103,(11.60±2.19)×103 pfu/L and the plaque diameters of CVB1/m563-573 were(2.00±0.35),(2.47±0.41)mm at 46 and 58 hours pestinfection,respectively.The plaque quantities of CVB1/wt were(8.40±2.51)×103,(11.80±1.92)×103 pfu/L and the plaque diameters of CVB1/wt were(1.80±0.27),(2.85±0.44)mm,respectively.There was no significant difference between the plaque quantities and sizes of CVB1/m563-573 and CVB1/wt(t=8.000,0.985,10.000,9.000,all P>0.05).One-step growth curve demonstrated that the numbers(lg)of CVB1/m563-573 progenies at time-points of 3,5,7 h postinfection were 2.10±0.09,4.28±0.03,7.44±0 and that of CVB1/wt progenies were 2.80±0.02,4.77±0.02,8.55±0.01,respectively.The replication of CVB1/m563-573 was significantly slower than that of CVB1/wt at all three time-points(t=-13.151,-24.319,-47.714,all P<0.01).The LD50 of CVB1/m563-573(3.10×109 pfu/L)and CVB1/wt(1.26×107 pfu/L)indicated that the virulence of CVB1/m563-573 was significantly weakened compared to that of CVB1/wt.Conclusions The infectivity and virulence of CVB1 are weakened by substitution of pyrimidines with purines in the pyrimidine-rich tract of CVB1 5'UTR.Site-directed mutagenesis in the pyrimidine-rich tract may be a strategy for developing attenuated CVB vaccine.