Bletilla striata polysaccharide improves toxic and side effects induced by 5-FU: an untargeted metabolomics study / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to analyze the effect of Bletilla striata polysaccharide(BSP) on endogenous metabolites in serum of tumor-bearing mice treated with 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) by untargeted metabolomics techniques and explore the mechanism of BSP in alleviating the toxic and side effects induced by 5-FU. Male BALB/C mice were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, a 5-FU group, and a 5-FU + BSP group, with eight mice in each group. Mouse colon cancer cells(CT26) were transplanted into the mice except for those in the normal group to construct the tumor-bearing mouse model by subcutaneous injection, and 5-FU chemotherapy and BSP treatment were carried out from the second day of modeling. The changes in body weight, diarrhea, and white blood cell count in the peripheral blood were recorded. The mice were sacrificed and sampled when the tumor weight of mice in the model group reached approximately 1 g. TUNEL staining was used to detect the cell apoptosis in the small intestine of each group. The proportions of hematopoietic stem cells and myeloid progenitor cells in bone marrow were measured by flow cytometry. Five serum samples were selected randomly from each group for untargeted metabolomics analysis. The results showed that BSP was not effective in inhibiting colon cancer in mice, but diarrhea, leukopenia, and weight loss caused by 5-FU chemotherapy were significantly improved after BSP intervention. In addition, apoptotic cells decreased in the small intestinal tissues and the percentages of hematopoietic stem cells and myeloid progenitor cells in bone marrow were significantly higher after BSP treatment. Metabolomics results showed that the toxic and side effects of 5-FU resulted in significant decrease in 29 metabolites and significant increase in 22 metabolites in mouse serum. Among them, 19 disordered metabolites showed a return to normal levels in the 5-FU+BSP group. The results of pathway enrichment indicated that metabolic pathways mainly involved pyrimidine metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, and steroid hormone biosynthesis. Therefore, BSP may ameliorate the toxic and side effects of 5-FU in the intestinal tract and bone marrow presumably by regulating nucleotide synthesis, inflammatory damage, and hormone production.

Anemoside B4 regulates fatty acid metabolism reprogramming in mice with colitis-associated cancer / 中国中药杂志

The study aimed to investigate the effect of anemoside B4(B4) on fatty acid metabolism in mice with colitis-associated cancer(CAC). The CAC model was established by azoxymethane(AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate(DSS) in mice. Mice were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, and low-, medium-, and high-dose anemoside B4 groups. After the experiment, the length of the mouse colon and the size of the tumor were measured, and the pathological alterations in the mouse colon were observed using hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining. The slices of the colon tumor were obtained for spatial metabolome analysis to analyze the distribution of fatty acid metabolism-related substances in the tumor. The mRNA levels of SREBP-1, FAS, ACCα, SCD-1, PPARα, ACOX, UCP-2, and CPT-1 were determined by real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR). The results revealed that the model group showed decreased body weight(P<0.05) and colon length(P<0.001), increased number of tumors, and increased pathological score(P<0.01). Spatial metabolome analysis revealed that the content of fatty acids and their derivatives, carnitine, and phospholipid in the colon tumor was increased. RT-qPCR results indicated that fatty acid de novo synthesis and β-oxidation-related genes, such as SREBP-1, FASN, ACCα, SCD-1, ACOX, UCP-2, and CPT-1 mRNA expression levels increased considerably(P<0.05, P<0.001). After anemoside B4 administration, the colon length increased(P<0.01), and the number of tumors decreased in the high-dose anemoside B4 group(P<0.05). Additionally, spatial metabolome analysis showed that anemoside B4 could decrease the content of fatty acids and their derivatives, carnitine, and phospholipids in colon tumors. Meanwhile, anemoside B4 could also down-regulate the expression of FASN, ACCα, SCD-1, PPARα, ACOX, UCP-2, and CPT-1 in the colon(P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001). The findings of this study show that anemoside B4 may inhibit CAC via regulating fatty acid metabolism reprogramming.

Comparison of in vivo plasma pharmacokinetics and urine excretion of main components in Xihuang Formula in rats with precancerous lesions of breast cancer / 中国中药杂志

The UPLC-MS/MS was established for the determination of acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid(AKBA) and β-boswellic acid(β-BA), the main active components of Olibanum and Myrrha extracts in Xihuang Formula, in rat plasma and urine. The effects of compatibility on the pharmacokinetic behaviors of AKBA and β-BA in rats were investigated, and the differences in pharmacokinetic behaviors between healthy rats and rats with precancerous lesions of breast cancer were compared. The results showed that compared with RM-NH and RM-SH groups, the AUC_(0-t) and AUC_(0-∞) of β-BA increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01), T_(max) decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01), and C_(max) increased(P<0.01) after compatibility. The trends of AKBA and β-BA were the same. Compared with RM-SH group, the T_(max) decreased(P<0.05), C_(max) increased(P<0.01), and the absorption rate increased in the normal group of Xihuang Formula. The results of urinary excretion showed that there was a decreasing trend in the urinary excretion rate and total urinary excretion of β-BA and AKBA after compatibility, but there was no statistical difference. Compared with normal group of Xihuang Formula, the AUC_(0-t) and AUC_(0-∞) of β-BA increased(P<0.05), T_(max) increased(P<0.05), and the clearance rate decreased in the breast precancerous lesion group. AUC_(0-t) and AUC_(0-∞) of AKBA showed an increasing trend, the in vivo retention time was prolonged, and the clearance rate was reduced, but there was no significant difference compared with the normal group. The cumulative urinary excretion and urinary excretion rate of β-BA and AKBA decreased under pathological conditions, indicating that pathological conditions could affect the in vivo process of β-BA and AKBA, and reduce their excretion in the form of prototype drugs, showing different pharmacokine-tic characteristics from normal physiological conditions. In this study, UPLC-MS/MS analysis method was established, which was sui-table for in vivo pharmacokinetic analysis of β-BA and AKBA. This study laid a foundation for the development of new dosage forms of Xihuang Formula.

Design and semisynthesis of oleanolic acid derivatives as VEGF inhibitors: Inhibition of VEGF-induced proliferation, angiogenesis, and VEGFR2 activation in HUVECs / 中国天然药物

Angiogenesis inhibitors targeting the VEGF signaling pathway are developed into drugs for the treatment of vaious diseases, such as cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and age-related macular degeneration. Recent studies have revealed that oleanolic acid (OA), a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, inhibited the VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling pathway and angiogenesis in HUVECs, which may represent an attractive VEGF inhibitor. In this paper, rational structural modification towards OA was performed in order to improve its inhibitory effects aganist VEGF and anti-angiogenesis potential. As a result, a series of novel OA derivatives, possessing α,β-unsaturated ketone system in ring A and amide functional group at C-28, were prepared and evaluated for cytotoxicity and their ability to inhibit VEGF-induced abnormal proliferation of HUVECs. The results showed that two promising derivatives, OA-1 and OA-16, exhibited no in vitro cytotoxicity against HUVECs but showed more potent inhibitory activity against VEGF-induced proliferation and angiogenesis in HUVECs, compared with OA. The results of Western blot indicated that OA-1 and OA-16 inhibited VEGF-induced VEGFR2 activation. Furthermore, small interfering RNA experiments were performed to confirm that both compounds inhibited VEGF-induced angiogenesis via VEGFR2. Thus, the present study resulted in the discovery of new promising OA-inspired VEGF inhibitors, which can serve as potential lead compounds for the treatment of angiogenesis-related diseases.

Study on effect of anemoside B4 in improving COPD rats by regulating IL-12/STAT4 and IL-4/STAT6 signaling pathways / 中国中药杂志

To study the effect of anemoside B4 on rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Seventy-two SD male rats were randomly divided into blank group and model group.The method of exposure to cigarette smoke and combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to replicate the rat model of COPD.After the model was maintained for 5 weeks,the rats were randomly divided into model group,dexamethasone group (0.81 mg·kg~(-1)) and anemoside B4 low,medium and high (2,4,8 mg·kg~(-1)) dose groups,a group of 12 animals were administered,and then the administration was started.The administration was maintained until the28th day,and the pulmonary function parameters of rats were measured by an animal pulmonary function instrument.After testing the rat lung function parameters,immediately draw rat alveolar lavage fluid (BALF),and use high-throughput protein chip technology to determined the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in rat BALF.HE staining was used to observe the general pathological changes of rat lung and tracheal tissue.Masson staining was used to observe the collagen deposition in rat lung tissue.Real-time q PCR method was used to determine the mRNA expression level of related genes in rat lung tissue.Western blot method was used to determine the expression levels of related proteins in rat lung tissues.According to the findings,compared with the model group,the dexamethasone group and the anemoside B4 drug groups had different degrees of increase in the lung function parameters of rats (P<0.01,P<0.05),improved the expression level of inflammatory cytokines in the BALF of rats to varying degrees (P<0.01,P<0.05),and improved the pathological structure of rat lung tissue to varying degrees.Relative mRNA expressions of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2),matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP-12),matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor 1 (TIMP-1),interleukin-6 (IL-6),and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were significantly reduced (P<0.01);whereas relative mRNA expressions of matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP-9) and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor 2 (TIMP-2) were increased significantly (P<0.01).The mRNA and protein expression levels of T-box transcription factor (T-bet),interleukin-12 (IL-12) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 4(STAT4) reduced to varying degrees (P<0.01,P<0.05).The mRNA of transcription factor GATA3 (binding protein-3),interleukin-4 (IL-4) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) in rat lung tissues and the protein expression levels of IL-4 and STAT6 were increased to varying degrees (P<0.01,P<0.05).In conclusion,anemoside B4 has a certain protective effect on COPD rats caused by cigarette smoke exposure and combined with LPS.The mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of IL-12/STAT4 and IL-4/STAT6 signaling pathways.

A comparative study on rat models of oral mucosal ulcers caused by several anti-cancer chemotherapy drugs / 中国药理学通报

;Aim To compare the characteristics of rat oral ulcer models caused by different chemotherapeutic drugs in order to find a stable oral ulcer model caused by chemotherapy drugs. Methods Except the control group, each group was injected with corresponding concentrations of chemotherapeutic drugs in the right buccal mucosa. During the experiment, the weight, food consumption, oral ulcer diameter were recorded; at the end of the experiment, ulcer diameter, oral mucosa histopathology, oral mucosa local cytokine level, organ index and T lymphocytes subtype in peripheral blood were observed. Results The body weight and food consumption of the animals in each group were significantly lower than those in control group after injection of chemotherapy drugs; obvious oral mucosal ulceration was observed in DDP group and PTX group, and broken and shed mucosa were observed by optical microscope in the two groups. The level of IL-lß mRNA in local mucosal tissues significantly increased, and the level of EGFR mRNA was significantly reduced in the tow groups, but organ index did not change significantly. Ulcers were not observed in MTX, VLB, and AMD groups, but organ index and cytokine significantly decreased. T lymphocyte subtypes had no difference among the emimals in each group. Conclusions Injecting cisplatin or paclitaxel in rat oral mucosa can induce a stable oral ulcer model, which can be used in therapeutic evaluation of anti-oral ulcer drugs by observing ulcer diameter, food consumption, cytokines level etc.

Guidelines for the use of post-traumatic tetanus vaccines and passive immune preparation / 中华预防医学杂志

Post-traumatic tetanus is the main type of non-neonatal tetanus. To reduce the incidence and mortality rate of tetanus and guide the primary medical institutions to prevent and control tetanus after trauma, National Immunization Planning Technical Working Group of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention has compiled this document in the reference with Position Paper by World Health Organization, the latest research progress from home and abroad. The guidelines focus on the basic procedures for the prevention and disposition of post-traumatic tetanus, the application of tetanus vaccines and immune preparation, and the pre-exposure immunization in high-risk populations of trauma.

Epidemiological characteristics of norovirus outbreaks in Shenzhen during 2005 to 2017 / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of norovirus outbreaks in Shenzhen during 2005 to 2017 in order to provide reference for disease control and prevention.@*Methods@#Monitoring data of norovirus outbreaks in Shenzhen from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2017 were collected from Shenzhen Communicable Disease Information System and China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used for data analysis.@*Results@#From January 2005 to December 2017, 346 norovirus outbreaks (five or more cases in one community within one week) were reported in Shenzhen, of which 6.36% (22/346) were public health emergency events. Fewer outbreaks were reported during 2006 to 2013 and they were mainly caused by GⅡ.4 genotype, but the number increased sharply since 2014 with 57.80% (200/346) occurred in 2016—2017 and the epidemic genotype changed from GⅡ.4 to GⅡ.17 and GⅡ.2. The outbreaks peaked during November to March (76.88%, 266/346). There were 63.87% (221/346) reported in urban areas, 67.05% (232/346) in nurseries and 23.70% (82/346) in primary/middle schools. Among the 22 public health emergency events, 40.91% (10/22) were caused by person-to-person contacts, 40.91% (10/22) by foodborne transmission and 13.64% (3/22) by waterborne transmission. Moreover, 75.80% (238/314) of the outbreaks in nurseries and primary/middle schools were confined to one classroom and most were due to contact transmission.@*Conclusions@#Norovirus outbreaks increased obviously since 2014, which might be related to the changes of the predominant genotype from GⅡ.4 to GⅡ.17 and GⅡ.2. It is necessary to strengthen a comprehensive prevention and control in key units such as nurseries and primary/middle schools in winter and spring.

Epidemiological characteristics of norovirus outbreaks in Shenzhen during 2005 to 2017 / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of norovirus outbreaks in Shenzhen during 2005 to 2017 in order to provide reference for disease control and prevention. Methods Monitoring data of norovirus outbreaks in Shenzhen from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2017 were col-lected from Shenzhen Communicable Disease Information System and China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used for data analysis. Results From January 2005 to December 2017, 346 norovirus outbreaks (five or more cases in one community within one week) were reported in Shenzhen, of which 6. 36％ (22/346) were public health emergency events. Fewer outbreaks were reported during 2006 to 2013 and they were mainly caused by GⅡ. 4 genotype, but the num-ber increased sharply since 2014 with 57. 80％ (200/346) occurred in 2016—2017 and the epidemic geno-type changed from GⅡ. 4 to GⅡ. 17 and GⅡ. 2. The outbreaks peaked during November to March (76. 88％, 266/346). There were 63. 87％ (221/346) reported in urban areas, 67. 05％ (232/346) in nurseries and 23. 70％ ( 82/346 ) in primary/middle schools. Among the 22 public health emergency events, 40. 91％ (10/22) were caused by person-to-person contacts, 40. 91％ (10/22) by foodborne trans-mission and 13. 64％ (3/22) by waterborne transmission. Moreover, 75. 80％ (238/314) of the outbreaks in nurseries and primary/middle schools were confined to one classroom and most were due to contact trans-mission. Conclusions Norovirus outbreaks increased obviously since 2014, which might be related to the changes of the predominant genotype from GⅡ. 4 to GⅡ. 17 and GⅡ. 2. It is necessary to strengthen a com-prehensive prevention and control in key units such as nurseries and primary/middle schools in winter and spring.

Effect of major chronic diseases on probability of premature death rate and life expectancy in Tongxiang / 预防医学

Objective To analyze the premature death rate and life expectancy caused by cancer, cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease and diabetes and to provide the basis for the government to formulate residents' health promotion measures. Methods The data of deaths of permanent residents in Tongxiang in 2016 were derived from"Zhejiang Chronic Disease Surveillance Information System" . The mortality, premature death rate, years of potential life loss and life expectancy of four chronic diseases were descriptively analyzed. Results In 2016, a total of 5104 deaths were reported in Tongxiang, with a crude death rate of 738.77 / 100, 000 and a standardized mortality rate of 480.40 / 100, 000, 23.59％ were premature deaths. The mortality rate of the four types of chronic diseases was 8.44％ , malignant tumors, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes were 5.68％, 2.06％, 0.65％ and 0.24％. Residents' life expectancy was 81.40 years, removal of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes, the life expectancy increased 3.69, 2.78, 1.43 and 0.16 years, respectively. The four types of chronic diseases had a potential life-loss loss of 15, 239 person-years, with an average life-saving year of 4.25 years and a life-saving rate of 22.06 ‰. Mortality rate, premature death rate, years of potential loss of life, average life expectancy and longevity rate were higher in males than in females. Conclusion The probability of premature death of four types of chronic diseases in Tongxiang was 8.44％, and male residents were more likely to be affected.

Molecular identification of the species of Biomphalaria snails in Shenzhen reservoir based on 16S rDNA sequences / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To identify the species of Biomphalaria snails collected in Shenzhen reservoir,based on the mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequences.Methods The 16S rDNA fragments were amplified by PCR from the genome DNA of Biomphalaria snails,and inserted in plasmid pMD-18T for sequencing.The sequence of 16S rDNA fragment and its phylogenetic relationships with those of other species of Biomphalaria snails were analyzed with BLAST and MEGA4 software.Results The amplified 16S rDNA fragment of the Biomphalaria snails was about 466 bp in length.As aligned with the corresponding sequences of the related Biomphalaria species,the identity of nucleotides was 99％ with 1 isolate of Biomphaltria straminea (B.straminea),98％ with 3 isolates of B.kuhniana,95％ with 1 isolate of B.intermedia,and 94％ with 1 isolate of B.edisoni.Based on the 16S rDNA sequence,the results of phylogenetic analysis with neighbor-joining (NJ) and unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA) indicated that the snails had close genetic relationships with the B.straminea isolate (Genbank accession NO.AY030213.1) Conclusion The Biomphalaria snails collected in Shenzhen reservoir could be classified as B.straminea based on the characteristics of 16S rDNA sequence.

A study on the plasma lipids level and its influencing factors among adults in Tongxiang City / 预防医学

Objective To know the plasma lipids level and influencing factors among adults in Tongxiang city,and to provide evidence for prevention and intervention of dyslipidemia.Methods Multistage stratified cluster sampling method was conducted to select participants in Tongxiang city.Questionnaire interview,physical examination and blood lipid detection were performed among the selected subjects.Models of the univariate and multivariate unconditional logistic regressions were used to analyze the influencing factors of dyslipidemia.Results A total of 600 people were involved in this study.The prevalence and standardized rates of dyslipidemia were 36.33% and 36.11 %,and abnormal rates of HDL -C,TG,TC and LDL -C were 27.33%,15.67%,4.83% and 4.83%,which standardized were 29.17%,15.1 3%,3.1 8% and 3.12%, respectively.The abnormal rate of LDL -C in females was higher than that in males (P <0.05).Borderline abnormal rate of TC and dyslipidemia rates were increased with age (P <0.05),and the abnormal rate of HDL -C were decreased with age (P <0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that BMI (OR =3.398),diabetes mellitus(OR =1.694), hypertension (OR =1.717)and total static time(OR =1.712)were the risk factors for dyslipidemia.Conclusion The prevalence of dyslipidemia was high among the adults in Tongxiang city,especially the abnormity of HDL -C and TG. Community comprehensive prevention and control of dyslipidemia should be carried out according to its risk factors.

An analysis on the influencing factors for the severity of motor vehicle road traffic injures / 预防医学

Objective To know the influencing factors for the severity of motor vehicle road traffic injures ,and to provide scientific basis for making appropriate intervention measures.Methods 7 977 patients with motor vehicle road traffic injuries who were first diagnosed in injury surveillance sentinel hospital of Tongxiang City in 2012 and 2013 were selected, and the factors influencing the severity of injury were analyzed.Results The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed an increased risk of the injure severity among the people aged over 65 years old,alcohol drinking before the injury and migrant workers,the values of OR(95%CI)were 3. 231(2. 091 -4. 993),2. 796(1. 697-4. 607)and 1. 424(1. 217-1. 666)respectively.However,women,motor vehicle drivers,collision with non motor vehicle driver and using safety belt may contribute to the less serious damage,and the values of OR (95%CI)were 0. 837 (0. 753 -0. 930 ),0. 769 (0. 622-0. 952),0. 753 (0. 598-0. 948)and 0. 691 (0. 492-0. 970)respectively.Conclusion The risk factors for the severity of motor vehicle road traffic injures are elderly people,migrant workers and alcohol drinking.The safety education should be provided among the people and the targeted interventions should be developed and implemented.

A case -control study on risk factors of malignant tumors in Tongxiang city / 预防医学

Objective To exam the influence of psychological factors,occupational factors and dietary habits on malignant tumors.Methods A total of 2 471 patients with malignant tumor were selected from 2010 to 2012 and 1 to 1 matching method was used controlling sex and age distribution in the case and control groups.Data collected by interviewing was analyzed by univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression.Results 12 related factors including 6 psychological factors were found in relation to malignant tumor after univariate logistic regression analysis.The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that harmful occupational history (OR =1.731,95%CI:1.337 ~2.242),often having fried food (OR =1.889,95%CI:1.398 ~2.551),heavy salty diet(OR =1.457,95%CI:1.169 ~1.818),psychological problems (OR =1.274,95%CI:1.003 ~1.617),poor marital life (OR =2.007,95%CI:1.111 ~3.623)and lack of self -regulation (OR =1.460,95%CI:1.189 ~1.793 )were the risk factors.Conclusion Malignant tumor was related to a variety of exposure factors and psychological factor has become an important risk factor for malignant tumor in Tongxiang city.

A correlation research between the Integrin alpha 2 (ITGA2)-807 C/T gene polymorphism and diabetic nephropathy / 实用医学杂志

Objective To explore the relation between the Integrin alpha 2 (ITGA2)-807 C/T gene and diabetic nephropathy (DN) in Han nationality in northern part of Guangxi. Methods 206 patients with type-2 diabetes were selected from the hospital. According to the diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) standards, 206 patients with type-2 diabetes were divided into diabetes without diabetic nephropathy (T2DM) and DN group, and 90 healthy people were selected as normal control (NC) group. The plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels were measured by routine method.And the genotypes and allele frequencies distribution were assessed by Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results compared with the control group,plasma total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in DN group blood were significantly higher (P 0.05). Conclusions The polymorphism of ITGA2-807C/T gene is associated with the development of DN in Han nationality in northern part of Guangxi. The T allele may be a genetic susceptibility genes for DN, which may promote the level of TC high expression and increase the risk of DN.

Analysis of Shenzhen Universal Infant Hepatitis B Immunization Strategy：Cost-effectiveness Analysis Based on Markov Model / 中国卫生经济

Objective: To optimize the Shenzhen universal infant hepatitis B immunization method. Methods: To analyze the long effectiveness of different immunization strategies and disease transition after hepatitis B virus infection by using cost-effectiveness method through decision-tree and Markov models among the Shenzhen newborns cohort in 2010 based on the local parameters. Results:Through the current strategies, the program of screening all pregnant women for HBsAg and vaccinating newborns of single-positive mothers combing with HBIG and vaccine would not only prevent more new cases, hepatic carcinoma and related deaths; but also gain more living years and QALYs. From the social prospect, it will save about RMB 40 million compared with the current program. Conclusion: It is suggested that Shenzhen Government should amend the current universal infant hepatitis B immunization program to gain more economic and social benefits.

Sero-epidemiological investigation on hepatitis B among permanent residents in Shenzhen area / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the infection status and epidemiological features of HBV in permanent residents of Shenzhen city.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was performed for questionnaire survey to permanently-registered residents of 1-59 years old in Luohu and Baoan district of Shenzhen in 2010, and blood samples of the subjects were collected. Hepatitis B virus-related surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B virus surface antibody (anti-HBs) were detected with ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total 3771 studied population showed 252 HBsAg positive and 2712 anti-HBs positive residents with the standardization prevalence as 9.73% and 72.83% , respectively. The difference of the prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HBs between males and females were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The prevalence of HBsAg was reduced with increasing age. The differences of the prevalence of HBsAg between Shenzhen permanent registered and non-permanent registered population were not significant, but the prevalence of anti-HBs in Permanent registered residents (78.32%) was higher than in non-permanent (66.03%, χ(2) = 41.613, P < 0.001). The prevalence of HBsAg was significantly different in various occupational and educational levels. Peasants had the highest prevalence (24.13%) and medical workers had the highest prevalence of anti-HBs (89.10% ). People with junior high school education had the highest prevalence of HBsAg (12.76%) and the lowest of anti-HBs (62.45%). Population with high-level education had the highest prevalence of anti-HBs(81.00% average). The prevalence of HBsAg was over 10% in people who were born in Shenzhen and Guangdong province, and the anti-HBs was the highest in Shenzhen population with the prevalence as 74.48% and 76.47% , respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In the Shenzhen resident population, the overall prevalence of HBV was lower than the average level of Guangdong province, but higher than the national wide.</p>

Carcinogenesis of cell cycle-related kinase / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Cell cycle-related kinase (CCRK) as a novel CDK-activating kinase plays a significant role in cell cycle regulation.Related studies confirm that CCRK is overexpressed in various tumors,and is associated with poor prognosis of the patients,which indicates that CCRK takes part in the generation and development of the tumor.

Treatment of acute cholangitis with hepatolithiasis / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the treatment of recurrent acute cholangitis with hepatolithiasis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients with recurrent acute cholangitis who were treated in Peking Union Medical College Hospitals emergency department from January 1998 to December 2008.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Totally 408 patients underwent surgery, of which 167 patients received emergency operations and 241 underwent selective operations after medication and interventional treatment. The incidence of complications was 6.4% among those who received emergency operations and 3.2% among selective operations. The 30-day mortality rate of selective operations was zero.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Along with the progress of percutaneous cholangiographic drainage and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, selective operations have been increasingly applied for acute cholangitis with notably low complications and postoperative death.</p>

Estimation on the intangible cost and influencing factors for patients with hepatitis B-related diseases / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To estimate the intangible cost and associated factors on patients with hepatitis B-related diseases, so as to explore the differences of the three elicitation techniques on the health economics-related information by trained investigators, using a structured questionnaire. WTP was employed to estimate the intangible cost while an open-ended question format, together with iterative bidding game and payment card were respectively used to elicit WTP for the hypothetical cure of hepatitis B-related diseases. A Multiple linear stepwise regression model was determined to identify those factors potentially affecting the intangible cost. Results A total of 564 subjects from 641 patients with hepatitis B-related diseases were identified for the inclusion of this study. The average annual intangible cost of patient with hepatitis B-related diseases was 54 320.4 Yuan (Ren Minbi).The intangible cost accounted for 53.0% of the total cost, which was much more than the proportions of the direct and indirect costs (38.5% and 8.5%, respectively). Among annual personal and the household income of the patient, proportions of intangible cost were 262.6% and 67.6% respectively,suggesting that the patients were under huge spiritual and psychological pressure. Response rate of the approach, combined open-ended questions with iterative bidding game, was the highest (76.6%) among the three elicitation formats. Considered the characteristics of data being gathered, the approach seemed to be more reasonable. Further studies were needed to examine the results yielded from other WTP elicitation formats. We also noticed that the progression of disease was associated with the increase of direct and indirect costs, but not with the intangible cost. Data from the multiple linear stepwise regression analysis indicated that the types of hospital and commercial medical insurance were significantly different in explaining the variation of the intangible cost. Conclusion Measures should be taken to reduce the intangible cost of hepatitis B-related diseases. The approach regarding the combination of open-ended questions with iterative bidding game should be recommended when carrying our further WTP studies of this kind.