ABSTRACT
Aim To investigate the effects of salidro-side on oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation ( OGD/R) injury in human umbilical vein cells ( HU-VECs ) and the possible mechanism. Methods OGD/R model was built after the density of cell growth reached 80％ ～85％. The OGD time point was deter-mined by MTT method to detect cell viability;LDH ac-tivity detection was used to explore the best dosage sol-ubility;NO content assay was applied to determine the best drug solubility, the degree of apoptosis was detec-ted by Annexin V/PI, and the expression of P-selectin was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results MTT detection determined that the time point of OGD was 16 h; LDH activity detection and NO content detection showed that the best efficacy of salidroside was 10μmol · L-1 . Compared with control group, Annexin V/PI detection showed that the apoptotic rate increased significantly ( P <0.01 ) after OGD/R, and the ex-pression of P-selectin in OGD/R group obviously in-creased ( P <0.01 ) . Compared with OGD/R group,the expression of P-selectin obviously declined ( P <0.05 ) , while the cell apoptotic rate increased ( P <0.05) after the administration. Conclusions Salidro-side may protect HUVEC cells from OGD/R injury and its mechanism may be related to related to the down-regulation of P-selectin and the inhibition of the pro-duction of inflammation.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>We aimed to elucidate the rates of repeat HIV testing and incident HIV diagnosis, and baseline CD4+ T cell count among individuals attending HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) clinics in Wuxi, China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A repeat HIV testing within 12 months was recorded if individuals had their first test with negative results, during 2013-2014 and retested within 12 months. An incident HIV diagnosis was recorded if individuals had their first test with negative results, during 2013-2015 and had a subsequent positive result at any point by the end of 2015. Data on HIV testing and diagnosis among individuals attending 32 VCT clinics from 2013 to 2015 and HIV diagnosis from other clinical services in Wuxi, China, were retrieved. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze factors associated with repeat HIV testing. Cox regression was used to evaluate factors associated with incident HIV diagnosis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>From 2013 to 2014, 11,504 individuals tested HIV negative at their first recorded test, with 655 (5.7%) retesting within 12 months. Higher repeat HIV testing within 12 months was associated with male gender [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.7, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4-2.2], risk behaviors [commercial heterosexual behaviors (aOR = 1.4, CI: 1.1-1.6), male-male sexual behaviors (aOR = 3.7, CI: 2.7-4.9)], injection drug use (aOR = 9.9, CI: 6.5-15.1), and having taken HIV tests previously (aOR = 2.0, CI: 1.6-2.4). From 2013 to 2015, 1,088 individuals tested negative on HIV test at their visit and at ⋝ 2 subsequent tests; of them 30 had incident HIV diagnosis. The overall rate of incident HIV diagnosis among all VCT individuals was 1.6 (95% CI: 1.1-2.1) per 100 person-years. Incident HIV diagnosis was associated with male gender [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 8.5, 95% CI: 1.9-38.1], attending hospital-based VCT clinics (aHR = 7.8, 95% CI: 1.1-58.3), and male-male sexual behavior (aHR = 8.4, 95% CI: 1.5-46.7). Individuals diagnosed at VCT clinics had higher CD4+ T cell count compared with those diagnosed at other clinical services (median 407 vs. 326 copies/mm3, P = 0.003).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>VCT individuals in Wuxi, China, had a low repeat HIV testing rate and high HIV incidence. VCT-clinic-based interventions aimed at increasing repeat HIV testing are needed to detect more cases at an earlier stage, especially among individuals at high risk for HIV infection such as men who have sex with men.</p>
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship on the prevalence rate of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and hepatitis B vaccination in urban citizens aged over 20 years old which would led to the development of strategies on HBV control.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 3744 subjects from general population were randomly selected in this study. Both ELISA and radio immunoassay were used to test five items of HBV infection, including HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBe and anti-HBc.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The overall standardized infection rate of HBV was 51.7%, and HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBe and anti-HBc were 4.5%, 48.5%, 0.3%, 3.5% and 51.4%, respectively. The two lowest HBsAg positive rates were found in the groups under 30 years old (2.9%) and students (2.6%). Anti-HBc rate among men was significantly higher than seen in women (P < 0.05), and showing a trend of increase with age (chi2 for trend = 256.2, P < 0.001). The standardized rates of HB vaccination in this population was 17.6% and decreasing rapidly with age (P < 0.05). People who had been vaccinated had both lower rates of HBsAg and HBV infection but higher rate of anti-HBs than those who had not (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HB vaccination in adults showed a reducing rate of HBV infection in the general population. Together with the enhancement of expanded program on immunization towards HB vaccination in neonates, much attention should be paid to HB vaccination in adults.</p>