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The automation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)pharmaceuticals has driven the development of process analysis from offline to online.Most of common online process analytical technologies are based on spectroscopy,making the identification and quantification of specific ingredients still a challenge.Herein,we developed a quality control(QC)system for monitoring TCM pharmaceuticals based on paper spray ionization miniature mass spectrometry(mini-MS).It enabled real-time online qualitative and quantitative detection of target ingredients in herbal extracts using mini-MS without chromatographic separation for the first time.Dynamic changes of alkaloids in Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata(Fuzi)during decoction were used as examples,and the scientific principle of Fuzi compatibility was also investigated.Finally,the system was verified to work stably at the hourly level for pilot-scale extraction.This mini-MS based online analytical system is expected to be further developed for QC applications in a wider range of pharmaceutical processes.
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ObjectiveTo explore the psychological defense styles and family environment among male prisoners of different terms of imprisonment， and to analyse the relationship between their psychological defense styles and family environment. MethodsA total of 200 male prisoners in a prison in Guangdong were randomly selected from April to June 2015， and they were classified into less than 5 years of imprisonment group （n=108） and 5 years or more imprisonment group （n=92）. Their defense style and family environment were evaluated by Defense Style Questionnaire （DSQ） and Family Environment Scale-Chinese Version （FES-CV）. Pearson correlation analysis was used to test the correlation between each scale score. ResultsThe factor scores of immature defense mechanism and intermediate defense mechanism of DSQ in the group with less than 5 years of imprisonment were lower than those in the group with 5 years or more imprisonment， with statistically significant differences （t=4.198， 1.137， P<0.01）. The scores of FES-CV family intimacy， emotional expression and organizational factors in less than 5 years of imprisonment group were higher than those in 5 years or more imprisonment group （t=3.122， 2.993， 2.203， P<0.01）， and the scores of contradiction factors were lower than those in 5 years or more imprisonment group （t=-3.682， P<0.01）. The scores of DSQ immature， intermediate defense mechanism and concealment factor of male prisoners were negatively correlated with the scores of FES-CV family intimacy and emotional expression factor （r=-0.428~-0.172， P<0.05 or 0.01）， and the scores of 4 factors in DSQ were all positively correlated with the scores of contradiction factor in FES-CV （r=0.175~0.384， P<0.05 or 0.01）. ConclusionCompared with male prisoners with less than 5 years of imprisonment， those with 5 years or more are prone to adopt immature and intermediate defense mechanisms， and their family environments are characterized by apparent contradiction and a lack of family intimacy， emotional expression and organization. Furthermore， the defects of psychological defense mechanism of prisoners are related to their family environment.
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BACKGROUND: Platelet-rich plasma and negative pressure drainage therapy have been widely used and achieved good clinical outcomes in the treatment of various chronic wounds. However, there is no randomized controlled trial regarding their combined effect on chronic refractory wounds. OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma with negative pressure therapy on chronic refractory wounds. METHODS: Databases of CNKI, VIP, WanFang, SinoMed, Web of Science, PubMed, and EMbase were searched for the randomized controlled trials regarding the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma combined with negative pressure therapy on chronic refractory wounds. Included studies were evaluated using the Cochrane system evaluation method. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. The primary outcomes included wound healing rate, time for wound healing, length of hospital stay, pain score and positive rate of bacteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 11 randomized controlled trials were included, including 743 patients with chronic wounds. The observation group was treated with platelet-rich plasma combined with negative pressure drainage. The control group was treated with conventional dressing or simple negative pressure drainage. The Meta-analysis results showed that compared with the control group, there was significantly increased wound healing rate [relative risk (RR)=2.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.82, 2.62), P < 0.000 01], significantly shortened time for wound healing [mean standard difference=-0.81, 95%CI (-1.00,-0.62), P < 0.000 01], significantly shortened length of hospital stay [mean difference=-7.11, 95%CI (-8.12,-6.11), P < 0.000 01], and significantly lowered positive rate of bacteria [RR=0.35, 95%CI (0.22, 0.54), P < 0.000 01] in the observation group. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the pain score [SMD=-5.97, 95%CI (-14.33, 2.40), P=0.16]. To conclude, platelet-rich plasma combined with negative pressure drainage can promote the healing of chronic refractory wounds and reduce the incidence of infection.
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OBJECTIVE@#To compare the therapeutic effect between thunder-fire moxibustion combined with external applicaion of powder and thunder-fire moxibustion alone for mild and moderate knee osteoarthritis.@*METHODS@#A total of 70 patients with mild and moderate knee osteoarthritis were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 35 cases in each group. In the observation group, thunder-fire moxibustion combined with external applicaion of powder were applied, Thunder-fire moxibustion was applied at Xuehai (SP 10), Liangqiu (ST 34), Neixiyan (EX-LE 4), Yanglingquan (GB 34) and point, external applicaion of powder was given to the affected knee after the treatment of thunder-fire moxibustion. Simple thunder-fire moxibustion was given in the control group. All patients in the two groups were treated once a day, 7 days as one course and the consecutive 4 courses were required, with an interval of 1 day between courses. Before and after treatment, the visual analogue scale (VAS) score and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score were used to assessed knee pain, stiffness and physical function in the two groups. In addition, the efficacy was evaluated.@*RESULTS@#Compared before treatment, the VAS scores, total scores of WOMAC, pain scores, stiffness scores and physical function scores were reduced after treatment in the two groups (<0.01), and the scores in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (<0.01, <0.05). The total effective rate was 97.0% (32/33) in the observation group, which was superior to 91.2% (31/34) in the control group (<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Thunder-fire moxibustion combined with external applicaion of powder are superior to simple thunder-fire moxibustion in improving the symptoms and delaying the development of the disease for mild and moderate knee osteoarthritis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Acupuncture Points , Knee Joint , Moxibustion , Osteoarthritis, Knee , Therapeutics , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
An experiment was conducted using cultivated Glycyrrhiza uralensis in age of one year to study the effects of abscisic acid (ABA) on chemical components content and color of G. uralensis. By using different concentrations of ABA spraying on leaves, the change of the chemical component content was analyzed within 45 d after ABA stimulation, and the effects on quality were studied combined with colorimetric analysis data. It turned out that in some sense the content of glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin had increased within 45 d, especially for liquiritin. After high concentrations of ABA (3.96 mg · L(-1)) stimulating, the content of glycyrrhizic acid rose 52% while liquiritin up 392% within 30 d. Then they both showed a decline in the content of glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin on 45 d. Color index values of a* and b* were all significantly higher than that of the control group within 45 d, which meant the color of powders turned toward red and yellow. The conclusion was that ABA (3.96 mg · L(-1)) stimulating could not only improve the quality in the traditional sense through the color of G. uralensis, but also in the modern sense by improving the content of glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin.
Subject(s)
Abscisic Acid , Pharmacology , Color , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Flavanones , Glucosides , Glycyrrhiza uralensis , Chemistry , Glycyrrhizic Acid , Plant Growth Regulators , PharmacologyABSTRACT
To optimize indices of molecular identification for authentication of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Panacis Quinquefolii Radix, four indices, including sequence similarity, specific positions, genetic distance and phylogenetic tree, were compared based on trnL-trnF sequences. Total DNA was extracted from Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Panacis Quinquefolii Radix, and trL-trnF sequences were amplified and sequenced. Sequence similarity was calculated by BLAST analysis. Specific positions were compared by DNAman software. Genetic distance and phylogenetic tree were analyzed by Mega software. The results showed that the inter-specific and intra-specific similarity of P. ginseng and P. quinquefolius respectively was 100% and 99. 6%. There were four specific positions at G153A, T463A, C732G and T818C. The inter-specific genetic distance (0) of trL-trnF sequences was lower than intra-specific genetic distance (0. 004). P. ginseng can be distinguished from P. quinquefolius based on the phylogenetic tree. It is concluded that Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Panacis Quinquefolii Radix can be authenticated by identification indices of sequence similarity, specific positions, genetic distance and phylogenetic tree. Index of specific positions based on trnL-trnF sequences is the most efficient index to authenticate Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Panacis Quinquefolii Radix.
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Chloroplasts , Genetics , DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic , Methods , Panax , Classification , Genetics , Phylogeny , Plant Proteins , Genetics , Rhizome , Classification , GeneticsABSTRACT
The fruit of Lycium ruthenicum is a common folk medicine in China. Now it is popular for its antioxidative effect and other medical functions. The adulterants of the herb confuse consumers. In order to identify a new adulterant of L. ruthenicum, a research was performed based on NCBI Nucleotide Database ITS Sequence, combined analysis of the origin and morphology of the adulterant to traceable varieties. Total genomic DNA was isolated from the materials, and nuclear DNA ITS sequences were amplified and sequenced; DNA fragments were collated and matched by using ContingExpress. Similarity identification of BLAST analysis was performed. Besides, the distribution of plant origin and morphology were considered to further identification and verification. Families and genera were identified by molecular identification method. The adulterant was identified as plant belonging to Berberis. Origin analysis narrowed the range of sample identification. Seven different kinds of plants in Berberis were potential sources of the sample. Adulterants variety was traced by morphological analysis. The united molecular identification-origin-morphology research proves to be a preceding way to medical herbs traceability with time-saving and economic advantages and the results showed the new adulterant of L. ruthenicum was B. kaschgarica. The main differences between B. kaschgarica and L. ruthenicum are as follows: in terms of the traits, the surface of B. kaschgarica is smooth and crispy, and that of L. ruthenicum is shrinkage, solid and hard. In microscopic characteristics, epicarp cells of B. aschgarica thickening like a string of beads, stone cells as the rectangle, and the stone cell walls of L. ruthenicum is wavy, obvious grain layer. In molecular sequences, the length of ITS sequence of B. kaschgarica is 606 bp, L. ruthenicum is 654 bp, the similarity of the two sequences is 53.32%.
Subject(s)
Berberis , Classification , Cell Biology , Genetics , China , DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic , Methods , DNA, Plant , Chemistry , Genetics , DNA, Ribosomal Spacer , Chemistry , Genetics , Drug Contamination , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Reference Standards , Lycium , Classification , Cell Biology , Genetics , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Phylogeny , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Species SpecificityABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship between copper and organic components, total flavonoids of Astragalus (TFA), total saponins of Astragalus (TSA) and total polysaccharide of Astragalus (TPA).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>TFA, TSA and TPA were extracted from Astragalus roots using different organic solvents, and determined by colorimetry. The concentration of copper in extracts was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS).</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Copper was found in TFA, TPA and TSA, and its concentration in TFA and TPA was higher; the content of copper was correlated significantly to that of TFA and TPA (r1(2) = 0.754 8, F1 = 57.202, P < 0.01 and r2(2) = 0.499, F2 = 21.906, P < 0.01), while not to that of TSA ( r3(2) = 0.0026, F3 = 0.041, P > 0.1).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Correlation analysis could reveal the relationship of copper with organic components in Astragalus roots; contents and structure characteristics of organic components might be important factors influencing the distribution of copper in Astragalus roots.</p>