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With the advent of the era of artificial intelligence, as an emerging technology, radiomics can extract a large amount of quantitative information describing the physiological condition and phenotypic characteristics of tumors with high throughput from the massive data of CT, MRI and other imaging tomography, and analyze these high-dimensional imaging omics features containing disease pathophysiological information can be used to accurately determine tumor differentiation, staging, and predict tumor behavior, which has broad application prospects. This article aims to introduce the technical principles of radiomics and its abdominal tumor application status, and to prospect its application prospects in pediatric abdominal neuroblastoma.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Abdominal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Artificial Intelligence , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Precision Medicine , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#Bietti crystalline dystrophy (BCD) is a rare degenerative eye disease caused by mutations in the CYP4V2 gene, and Cyp4v3 is the murine ortholog to CYP4V2. To better understand the molecular pathogenesis of this disease and to explore the potential treatment we have established a Cyp4v3 knock-out mouse model.@*METHODS@#Cyp4v3-/- mice were generated by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 in embryonic stem cells of C57BL/6J mice. Ocular morphologic characteristics were evaluated via fundus imaging, histologic analysis of rods and cones via immunofluorescence, and phalloidin stain to observe retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in whole-mounts, electroretinogram (ERG) was also conducted to examine the retinal function.@*RESULTS@#The characteristic features of BCD recurred in the Cyp4v3-/- mice, including retinal crystalline deposits, atrophy and degeneration of RPE cells, and ERG amplitude decline of dark and light adapted a- and b- wave; however, the immunofluorescence stain of rod and cone cells did not show obvious differences when compared with the wild type (WT) mice. In the early stage of the disease, no crystal-like deposits were found in the fundus, ERG detection of the retinal function did not find a significant decline, and the morphological structure and quantity of the neural retina and RPE did not change significantly. Crystalline deposits occurred and converged when the Cyp4v3-/- mice at the end of 6 months, and the deposits disappeared when the Cyp4v3-/- mice at the end of 12 months. The ERG amplitude started to decline when the Cyp4v3-/- mice at the end of 6 months and deteriorated at the end of 12 months. The RPE cells of the 12-month old Cyp4v3-/- mice showed irregular shape by phalloidin staining of F-actin. The Cyp4v3-/- mice behaved normally and were viable and fertile when maintained under specific pathogen-free (SPF) housing conditions.@*CONCLUSION@#Just like BCD patients, the disease progress of Cyp4v3-/- mouse is correlated with the age, which provides a good model for pathogenesis and gene therapy study in the future. The atrophy and degeneration of RPE take the lead in progressing of the disease, but the mechanism is not clear yet.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , Face , Fertility , Gene Knockout Techniques , Housing Quality , Mice, Inbred C57BLABSTRACT
Objective To study the accuracy of Nolla method for age estimation of Northern Chinese Han children aged between 5.00 and 14.99 years based on original transformation tables and multiple regression model. Methods A total of 2 000 orthopantomographs （OPGs） were collected from the Hospital of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, including 1 000 males and 1 000 females. Development stage of 7 left mandibular permanent teeth （except third molars） was assessed based on Nolla method, then age estimation was conducted through transformation tables and multiple regression model, respectively. Firstly, the development stage results of 7 permanent teeth were added up and the estimated age was obtained through the original transformation tables. Secondly, 80% of the samples （80 males and 80 females in each age group） were randomly selected from 2 000 OPGs as the train set. The chronological age of the selected patients was taken as the dependent variable, while gender and the development stage results of 7 permanent teeth were taken as the independent variable to establish multiple regression model. The remaining 20% of the samples were substituted into the model as the test set, to verify the accuracy of age estimation by multiple regression model. Results Mean chronological ages of males and females were 10.03±0.09 years and 10.01±0.09 years, respectively. The age estimated by original transformation tables showed an overestimation for males （0.18 years on average） and an underestimation for females （0.02 years on average）, with mean absolute error （MAE） of 0.94 years and 0.97 years, respectively. While the results by multiple regression model showed that males were overestimated by 0.06 years on average and females were underestimated by 0.02 years on average. The MAE was 0.66 years and 0.77 years, respectively. Conclusion The Nolla method is suitable for age estimation of Northern Chinese Han children. Compared with the original transformation tables method, the multiple regression model is more accurate for age estimation.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Age Determination by Teeth , Asian People , China , Molar, Third , Radiography, PanoramicABSTRACT
As a new type of magnetic resonance imaging method, amide proton transfer (APT) imaging can detect the chemical exchange characteristics of free proprotein, peptide amide proton and water proton by water signal changes, reflecting the changes of protein and pH in tissues. In recent years, clinical research on brain tumors, multiple sclerosis, hepatic encephalopathy and cervical cancer have been carried out. It is a radiation-free and non-invasive new magnetic resonance molecular imaging technology. This study briefly reviews the principle of APT technology and its clinical application, and prospects its application prospects in children's abdominal tumors.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Abdomen/pathology , Amides , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , ProtonsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of intravenous infusion of methylprednisolone on postoperative recovery and complications after coblation tonsillectomy.METHODS Eighty three patients who were scheduled for coblation tonsillectomy from December 2015 to December 2016 were included in this study.Firstly,they were divided into 2 groups,i.e.,the younger group (＜12 years) and the older group (≥12 years old).Secondly,these two groups were further divided into experimental group and control group by the prospective,double-blind and randomized method.The experimental group was treated with methylprednisolone and antibiotics for 3 days.Then,the postoperative reactions such as the pain,activity,pharyngeal edema,body condition,exfoliation time of the tunic albuginea,post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage were observed.RESULTS 1.From the third day to fifth day,using methylprednisolone can alleviate pain (Z=4.42,P=0.00),increase the activity(Z=2.64,P=0.00)and reduce pharyngeal edema(Z=2.84,3.10,all P=0.00) in younger group.2.After operation,in the younger group,the incidence rate of gastrointestinal discomfort in control group was higher than that in experimental group(x2=4.97,P=0.03).In the older group,the incidence rate of gastrointestinal discomfort(x2=5.24,P=0.02) and sleep disturbance(x2=5.03,P=0.03) in control group was higher than those in experimental group.3.In the older group,exfoliation average time of the tunic albuginea in experimental group was longer than that in control group(t=2.16,P=0.04).4.Secondary bleeding rate was not statistically significant in the two groups(x2=1.29,P=0.26).CONCLUSION Intravenous infusion of methylprednisolone after coblation tonsillectomy is beneficial,especially in the relief of pain,gastrointestinal discomfort and pharyngeal edema.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity of the nickel ion and provide with basic data for the biological evaluation of those medical devices containing nickel. Seven cell lines were chosen. They were L929, h9c2(2-1), 293[HEK-293], hFOB1.19, THLE-3, H9 and IM-9 respectively. According to the principle of biological evaluation of medical devices, MTT method was chosen to test the cytotoxicity in different concentrations of nickel ion. For each cell line, the relative growth rate (RGR) was obtained and the cytotoxic grade was classified. Besides, IC50 values were calculated. As a result, it was found that the sensitivity was different among all cell lines. H9 was the most sensitive one, while the L929 was the most tolerant one. The concentration which is not above 1.25 mg/L was safe for all seven cell lines, because the cytotoxicity for all cells exposed in this concentration were not higher than grade 1. According to the criteria for medical devices, the concentrations not above 5 mg/L were safe for L929 cells. This result helps us to roughly assess the cytotoxicity and systematic toxicity caused by nickel contained in medical devices.
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Humans , Cell Line , Equipment and Supplies , HEK293 Cells , Ions , Toxicity , Nickel , ToxicityABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>No-reflow after emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is related to the severe prognosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Tongxinluo, a traditional Chinese medicine, on no-reflow and the infarction area after emergency PCI for STEMI.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 219 patients (female 31, 14%) undergoing emergency PCI for STEMI from nine clinical centers were consecutively enrolled in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial from January 2007 to May 2009. All patients were randomly divided into Tongxinluo group (n = 108) and control group (n = 111), given Tongxinluo or placebo in loading dose 2.08 g respectively before emergency PCI with aspirin 300 mg and clopidogrel 300 mg together, then 1.04 g three times daily for six months after PCI. The ST segment elevation was recorded by electrocardiogram at hospitalization and 1, 2, 6, 12, 24 hours after coronary balloon dilation to evaluate the myocardial no-flow; myocardial perfusion scores of 17 segments were evaluated on day 7 and day 180 after STEMI with static single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to determine the infarct area.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no statistical significance in sex, age, past history, chest pain, onset-to-reperfusion time, Killip classification, TIMI flow grade just before and after PCI, either in the medication treatment during the follow up such as statin, β-blocker, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) between two groups. There was significant ST segment restoration in Tongxinluo group compared to the control group at 6 hours ((-0.22 ± 0.18) mV vs. (-0.18 ± 0.16) mV, P = 0.0394), 12 hours ((-0.24 ± 0.18) mV vs. (-0.18 ± 0.15) mV, P = 0.0158) and 24 hours ((-0.27 ± 0.16) mV vs. (-0.20 ± 0.16) mV, P = 0.0021) reperfusion; and the incidence of myocardial no-reflow was also reduced significantly at 24-hour reperfusion (34.3% vs. 54.1%, P = 0.0031). The myocardial perfusion scores of 17 segments evaluated by static SPECT was improved significantly on day 7 and day 180 after STEMI in Tongxinluo group compared to the control group (0.61 ± 0.40 vs. 0.76 ± 0.42, P = 0.0109 and 0.51 ± 0.42 vs. 0.66 ± 0.43, P = 0.0115, respectively). There was no significant difference in severe adverse events between two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Tongxinluo as a kind of traditional Chinese medicine could reduce myocardial no-reflow and infarction area significantly after emergency PCI for STEMI with conventional medicine therapy.</p>
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Acute Disease , Coronary Circulation , Double-Blind Method , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Therapeutic Uses , Electrocardiography , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Myocardial Infarction , Drug Therapy , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-PhotonABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the difference between 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) and trough clinic blood pressure (CBP) after 8 weeks of therapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The study used meta-regression analysis to summarize three randomized, double-blind, active controlled trials in order to compare the difference between the magnitude of the reduction in 24-h average ABP and CBP Patients. Chinese patients with seated diastolic blood pressure (SDBP) 95-115 mmHg and ambulatory diastolic blood pressure (ADBP) > or =85 mmHg.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average age of 126 patients was 47.7 +/- 8.3 years, ranging from 25 to 67 (95 males and 31 females). All regimens reduced 24-h ABP and CBP after 8 weeks of treatment. In the 126 patients the baseline 24-h SBP and DBP values (142.7/94.4 mmHg) were markedly lower than those for clinic values (152.6/102.6 mmHg; P<0.0001). Similarly, the 24-h SBP and DBP values (132.7/87.7 mmHg) in week 8 were markedly lower than the clinic values (138.9/92.7 mmHg; P<0.0001). The differences between the treatment-induced reductions in 24-h ABP and CBP were statistically significant (the difference was 3.7/3.3 mmHg for SBP/DBP, P=0.0069/P<0.0001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>All regimens significantly reduced seated CBP and ABP. The effect of antihypertensive treatment was greater on CBP than that on ABP, suggesting that assessment on effectiveness of an antihypertensive treatment using CBP readings only has to be carefully interpreted, and a more systematic application of ABP monitoring should be adopted.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Antihypertensive Agents , Therapeutic Uses , Blood Pressure , Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory , China , Hypertension , Drug TherapyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>In order to provide readers with general concepts and methodology on adaptive designs for clinical trial.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Definition of adaptive designs for clinical trial and basic idea of adaptive adjustment were introduced through an example.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The relationship between adaptive designs and group sequential design was summarized. Ways to embody two basic statistical rules of clinical trial under adaptive adjustments setting were also introduced.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Adaptive designs provided clinical trial with a great flexibility, which could greatly improve the efficiency of clinical trial.</p>
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Humans , Clinical Trials as Topic , Methods , Research DesignABSTRACT
Background Previous experimental and clinical studies have proved that elevated serum uric acid increased risk for developing hypertension.Whereas,there are a paucity of information on the relationship between serum uric acid and prehypertension.Objective The purpose of this research is to evaluate the association between the serum uric acid and prehypertension.Method A cohort of seven thousand eight hundred thirty-nine subjects without hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases were recruited from a cross sectional study in urban and rural place in 9 provinces during 2005-2006.Based on serum uric acid(324 ?mol/L for overall population,366 ?mol/L for male,285 ?mol/L for female),people were categorized into quartiles.The odds ratio for prehypertension was calculat ed with the lowest quartile as the reference.Results The prevalence of prehypertension increased with increasing uric acid in total population(P324 ?mol/L)to lowest quartile 1(