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In recent years, the prevalence and medical visits of chronic cough in children are increasing year by year, among which cough variant asthma is one of the main causes of chronic cough in children.The Global Initiative for Asthma points out that cough variant asthma is a disease in which cough is the main or only symptom and is associated with airway hyperresponsiveness.Cough variant asthma, a disease with repeated or persistent cough as the main clinical manifestation, is a subtype of asthma.Due to the lack of typical wheezing symptom, cough variant asthma is easy to be misdiagnosed or missed, leading to lack of standardized treatment.In addition, frequent coughing has a significant impact on the quality of life of children and their family members.In order to improve clinicians′ understanding of cough variant asthma in children, the advances in epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of this disease are explained.
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With the improvement in the research level and the diagnosis and treatment technology of inherited metabolic diseases (IMD), the research on pediatric IMD in China has made great progress, but there is still some distance from the international level. Due to the vast territory of China and the uneven distribution of medical resources, the regional characteristics of IMD remain unclear in China, and there are many problems and difficulties in early diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the understanding of pediatric IMD among pediatricians, so as to improve the diagnosis and treatment level, achieve an early identification, diagnosis, and treatment of pediatric IMD, and effectively reduce the fatality and disability rates of children with IMD. This article reviews the research progress of IMD in children in China, and analyzes the features of representative IMDs. Citation:Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 2022, 24(3): 326-331.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , China , Metabolic Diseases/therapyABSTRACT
Nitric oxide is an endothelium-derived relaxing factor, which has the effect of dilating pulmonary vessels and reducing pulmonary artery pressure.Currently, inhaled nitric oxide has been widely used in the treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension in term infants and late preterm infants, but its use in the field of preterm infants is still controversial.In recent years, there have been more and more studies on inhaled nitric oxide in premature infants.This review summarized the relevant studies at home and abroad in recent years, discussed the indications of inhaled nitric oxide in premature infants, and introduced the potential adverse reactions, in order to provide guidance for clinical work.
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Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)is a common sleep and respiratory disorder, characterized by periodic collapse of the upper airway totally or partly during sleep, disrupting normal ventilation and sleep structure, and causing a series of pathophysiological changes.Recently, the incidence of obesity among children increases year by year with the improvement of living standards and the change of lifestyle, and severely affects children′s physical and mental health.At the same time, the prevalence of OSAHS is also increasing, which can result in serious adverse outcome.A large amount of research has shown the close relationship between obesity and OSAHS.There is a certain correlation in the pathogenesis, making the two influence each other in the treatment.To provide reference for clinical practice, this review mainly discusses the correlation between childhood obesity and OSAHS in terms of pathogenesis and treatment.
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Kawasaki disease shock syndrome (KDSS) is a serious manifestation of Kawasaki disease. It is a clinical symptom of hypoperfusion, which occurs hemodynamic instability on the basis of the diagnosis of Kawasaki disease. KDSS can occur in the early stage of Kawasaki disease, and can be easily missed and misdiagnosed. Now, the clinical features, pathogenesis and treatment of KDSS are reviewed, in order to improve the ability of clinical pediatricians to identify the disease early and reduce the occurrence of life-threatening complications.
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A methodology named immunoscorehas been proposed in recent years.It has been demonstrated to be a prognostic factor superior to the Union for International Cancer Control-American Joint Committee on Cancer (UICC-AJCC)TNMclassification.Over the past few years,it has gained a forefront posi-tion in colorectal cancer.It has the advantages of simple operation,low cost and high accuracy,and it is nee-ded for individual therapy.However,it still has its limitations.
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Objective: To investigate the expression of osteopontin (OPN) and integrin ot V (ITGA V) in the laryngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LHSCC) and study the influence on the biological behaviors (invasion and migration) of tumor cells. Methods: The tissue microarray of LHSCC was designed and the OPN and ITGAV expressions were detected by immunohistochemistry. The professional software of pathological image manipulation (Image Pro Plus 5.02, IPP 5.02) was used to quantitate the results of the immunohistochemical staining. The relationship between OPN and ITGAV expressions and clinicopathological staging of LHSCC was analyzed. Results: The expression levels of OPN and ITGAV in primary and metastatic carcinoma were significantly higher than those in normal tissues (P < 0.001); their expressions in the well-differentiated group were significantly lower than those in the moderate- and poor-differentiated groups(P <0.01); the expression levels of OPN and ITGAV in the group with lymph node metastasis were significantly higher than those in the group without lymph node metastasis (P <0.001). The expression levels of OPN and ITGAV had no correlation with primary locations, the size of invasion area, and the age and sex of patients. Conclusion: The expressions of OPN and ITGAV are significantly related with the invasion and migration of the LHSCC. Over-expression of OPN and ITGAV may be one of the important factors contributing to the invasion and migration of LHSCC.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of integrin alpha-v subunit in laryngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (LHSCC) and to correlate the expression ratio with clinic and pathologic features of LHSCC, meanwhile, to investigate the relationship between the expression of integrin alpha-v subunit and tumor angiogenesis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A tissue microarray of LHSCC was designed and made. Using this microarray, the expression of integrin alpha-v subunit in LHSCC was studied by immunohistochemistry, and the expression disparity in different clinic and pathologic staging of LHSCC was analyzed. The immunohistochemical staining of CD105 was done in the same microarray, the intratumor microvessel density (IMVD) was calculated by CD105 staining. The relationship between integrin alpha-v subunit expression and the IMVD was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In primary cancer tissue, the expression ratio of integrin alpha-v subunit was 68.0% (51/75), significantly higher than normal tissue beside cancer (10.3%, 3/29, chi2 = 28.68, P < 0.001); the expression ratio of integrin alpha-v subunit in lymph node metastatic carcinoma was 100.00% (20/20), significantly higher than normal tissue (chi2 = 38.77, P < 0.001) and primary cancer tissue (chi2 = 12.69, P < 0.05); in group with lymph node metastasis, the expression ratio of integrin alpha-v subunit was significantly higher than group without lymph node metastasis (chi2 = 10.87, P < 0.001); the IMVD of the group with integrin alpha-v subunit positive expression was significantly higher than the group with integrin alpha-v subunit negative expression (P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There was significant relationship between integrin alpha-v subunit expression and lymphatic metastasis of LHSCC. Overexpression of the integrin alpha-v subunit may have contributed to the tumor angiogenesis and lead to lymphatic metastasis. Integrin alpha-v subunit may become a novel lymphatic metastasis marker of LHSCC.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Metabolism , Pathology , Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms , Metabolism , Pathology , Integrin alphaV , Metabolism , Laryngeal Neoplasms , Metabolism , Pathology , Lymphatic Metastasis , Pathology , Tissue Array AnalysisABSTRACT
Objective To study the effects of H_2S on the visceral pain induced by colorectal dis- tention (CRD) and the expression of substance P (SP)in rats.Methods Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group,normal saline(i,p.) group,low( 15?mol/kg),moderate (45?mol/kg) and high(75?mol/kg) dose of NaSH(i.p.) groups.All rats.except control group,were subjected to CRD for 25 seconds and their behavioral responses to CRD were assessed by measuring the abdominal with drawal reflex(AWR).The expression of SP in the ileocecal junction,colon,spinal cord of thoracic waist (T6-L5) and brain was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results The visceral pain induced by CRD produced a capacity-dependent increase of AWR score in normal saline group,and a dose-dependent reduction of AWR score in three of NaSH groups.There was no significant differences of SP expression in the ileocecal junction,colon,spinal cord of thoracic waist and thalamencepbalon between the normal saline group and the NaSH low dose group.However,the decreased SP expression in the NaSH moder- ate and high dose groups were observed in comparison to those in the normal saline group(P