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Objective To investigate the effects of Panax Notoginseng saponins (PNS) on protein expression of Klotho in rats with renal ischemia reperfusion injury; To discuss its protective mechanism for model rats. Methods Experimental rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group, model group, positive medicine group, PNS high-, medium- and low-dosage groups. Each administration group was given relevant medicine for gavage, once a day. Renal ischemia reperfusion injury model was established. Rats were sacrificed by taking blood from abdominal aorta after 4 hours of modeling. Serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (SCr), malondialdehyde (MDA) content in kidney tissue, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity were measured. HE staining was used to observe the morphological changes of renal tissue. The protein expressions of Klotho and NF-κB p65 were measured by immunohistochemical method. Results Compared with the sham-operation group, the levels of BUN and SCr in the model group increased significantly (P<0.05); protein expression of Klotho in renal tissue decreased and the protein expression of NF-κB p65 increased (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the expression of Klotho increased but protein expression of NF-κB p65 decreased in each administration group (P<0.05); Compared with the positive medicine group, the expression of Klotho in PNS high-dosage group increased but protein expression of NF-κB p65 decreased (P<0.05). The protein expression of NF-κB p65 was negatively related to protein expression of Klotho (r=-0.895, P<0.05). Conclusion PNS can inhibit oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory effects through upregulating protein expression of Klotho, and reduce the protein expression of NF-κB p65, and thus exerts renal protective effects.
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Objective@#To analyze the influence of atmospheric particulate matters (PM2.5 and PM10) on low-birth-weight (LBW) infants at different periods of gestation.@*Methods@#We conducted a systematic literature search for 2 471 articles related to particulate matter and LBW published from January 1st 2000 to January 1st 2016 using the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Science Direct, Chinese Web of Knowledge, Wanfang and Weipu, and the keywords were" air pollution" , "adverse birth outcomes" , "adverse pregnancy outcomes" , "low birth weight/LBW" . According to criteria, 27 literatures were selected and included. Metafor package of the R 3.1.1 Software was used to check the heterogeneity and merge the effect value of the selected literatures, and sensitivity analysis and publication bias were detected and adjusted.@*Results@#A total of 2 471 studies selected form the databases, 27 enrolled in this analysis according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with combined OR values of 1st trimester, 2nd trimester, 3rd trimester and entire gestation at 1.02(95% CI: 0.87-1.19), 1.03 (95% CI: 0.91-1.16) , 1.07 (95%CI: 1.04-1.11) and 1.09 (95%CI: 1.04-1.15), respectively. And 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10 was associated with combined OR values of 1st trimester, 2nd trimester, 3rd trimester and entire gestation at 1.66 (95%CI: 1.06-2.61), 1.58 (95%CI:1.28-1.95) , 1.38 (95%CI: 1.23-1.56) and 1.04 (95%CI: 0.99-1.09), respectively. After adjusting the bias of publication, each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with the risk of low birth weight at 1.11 (95%CI: 1.02-1.21).@*Conclusion@#This meta analysis supports an adverse impact of maternal exposure to particulate air pollution on low birth weight, varying in effects by exposure period.
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OBJECTIVE: To understand the general awareness of the residents around a newly built nuclear power,to evaluate the safety and the attitude on the construction of nuclear power. METHODS: By the stratified random sampling method,1 029 general publics and 260 representatives were selected for investigation. The participants were from 30 km range around the nuclear power plant,each 5 km was assigned as 1 layer and there were total 6 layers. RESULTS: 74. 9%( 965 /1 289) interviewees were not aware of nuclear power,3. 1%( 40 /1 289) interviewees were well or very-well understand nuclear power. The awareness score of the general publics was lower than that of the representatives( 1. 0 vs3. 0,P < 0. 01); male,younger people,higher educational level,higher family income,religious people and living close to the nuclear power plant had higher awareness( P < 0. 05). A total of 28. 4%( 366 /1 289) interviewees considered the nuclear power was very safe or safe. The evaluation of nuclear power safety of the general publics was inferior to the representatives( P < 0. 05). The representatives,older people and those living far away from the nuclear power have better evaluation on the nuclear power safety than the general publics( P < 0. 05). Only 13. 0%( 167 /1 289) interviewees supported building the nuclear power in their residence construction; male,people with family members working in nuclear power plant,people with high degree of awareness on nuclear power,considered highly safety of the nuclear power had higher support for the local nuclear power construction( P < 0. 05). The interviewees who mostly believe about nuclear energy sources were experts,government officials,plant management and domestic media. CONCLUSION: Residents around the nuclear power plant had low awareness of the knowledge about nuclear power. Therefore,it is necessary to enhance the awareness of residents on nuclear power and the trust on the government.
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The effect of ambient particulate matters on human health is of great concern. Numerous epidemiological studies have revealed that particulate matters were associated with increased population mortality. Moreover, many studies found that season and temperature might modify the effect of particles on mortality. This paper summarized the potential effect modification of season and temperature and the possible mechanism, so as to provide certain evidence and reference for the future relevant studies.
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Humans , Air Pollutants , Epidemiologic Studies , Particulate Matter , Seasons , TemperatureABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the acute effects of indoor and outdoor particulate matter on lung function and respiratory symptoms of college students in winter.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A panel of 37 college students aged 19-21 in Wuhan were included and the investigation was carried out from 12/23/2009 to 01/05/2010. Daily morning/evening forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and respiratory symptoms (cough, phlegm and runny) were measured and reported by subjects, respectively. Meanwhile, daily data of indoors and outdoors PM10, PM2.5, temperature, and relative humidity were collected. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEEs) were used to estimate the association between particulate matters exposure and respiratory symptoms and FEV1).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Average daily concentrations of indoor, outdoor PM2.5 during the study period were (110.6 ± 42.3), (143.5 ± 51.2) µg/m³, (148.2 ± 43.2) and (239.1 ± 71.3) µg/m³ for indoor, outdoor PM10, respectively. Outdoor exposure to PM2.5 on lag 0 had little effect on evening FEV1). However, researchers observed a significant lagging effect (lag 1 d) and accumulative effect (lag 0-1 d and lag 0-2 d). A rise in the PM2.5 concentration of 10 µg/m³ resulted in the change of evening FEV1) of -0.28% (95% CI: -0.52%, -0.03%), -0.45% (95% CI: -0.81%, -0.08%) and -0.63% (95% CI: -1.15%, -0.11%), respectively. For respiratory symptoms of coughing up phlegm, 10 mg/m³ increase of indoor/outdoor PM2.5 concentration were associated with odds ratio of 1.18 (95% CI: 1.02-1.36) and 1.08 (95% CI: 0.97-1.19), respectively. Moreover, risk of coughing up phlegm increased with lagging time, and accumulative time of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 and PM10.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our study suggested that short-term exposure to particulate matters in winter was significantly associated with acute changes of respiratory symptoms and FEV1) of college students in Wuhan. Moreover, the effects of particulate matters tended to be larger as the increase of lagged and accumulative days.</p>
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Humans , Air Pollutants , Cough , Forced Expiratory Volume , Humidity , Mucus , Particulate Matter , Respiratory Tract Diseases , Seasons , Students , TemperatureABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) has been proposed to shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation in intubated patients, especially those who fail initial weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). However, there are also some discrepancies in terms of weaning success or failure, incidence of re-intubation, complications observed during study and patient outcomes. The primary objective of this update was to specifically investigate the role of NIPPV on facilitating weaning and avoiding re-intubation in patients intubated for different etiologies of acute respiratory failure, by comparing with conventional invasive weaning approach.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We searched randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing noninvasive weaning of early extubation and immediate application of NIPPV with invasive weaning in intubated patients from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Knowledge and Springerlink databases. Records from conference proceedings and reference lists of relevant studies were also identified.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 11 RCTs with 623 patients were available for the present analysis. Compared with IMV, NIPPV significantly increased weaning success rates (odds ratio (OR): 2.50, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.46 - 4.30, P = 0.0009), decreased mortality (OR: 0.39, 95%CI: 0.20 - 0.75, P = 0.005), and reduced the incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) (OR: 0.17, 95%CI: 0.08 - 0.37, P < 0.00001) and complications (OR: 0.22, 95%CI: 0.07 - 0.72, P = 0.01). However, effect of NIPPV on re-intubation did not reach statistical difference (OR: 0.61, 95%CI: 0.33 - 1.11, P = 0.11).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Early extubation and immediate application of NIPPV is superior to conventional invasive weaning approach in increasing weaning success rates, decreasing the risk of mortality and reducing the incidence of VAP and complications, in patients who need weaning from IMV. However, it should be applied with caution, as there is insufficient beneficial evidence to definitely recommend it in terms of avoiding re-intubation.</p>
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Humans , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Respiration, Artificial , Methods , Ventilator Weaning , MethodsABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the efficacy of the hospital intensive treatment by auto-CPAP on elderly patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and to analyse the possible factors related to the effectiveness.Methods Subjects were selected from elderly OSAHS patients over 60 years old.The eligible subjects were divided into intensive treatment group and non-intensive treatment group (non-ITG).Patients in intensive treatment group were intensively treated using auto-CPAP for 3 consecutive days,assisted with targeted health education and guidance,and making proper adjustments to parameters of the auto-CPAP according to treatment outcomes at the previous day.But those in non-intensive treatment group were just treated with auto-CPAP for only 1 day,supplemented by regular health education and guidance.The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI),minimum oxygen saturation (SaO2min),mean oxygen saturation (SaO2mean) and the time spent at SaO2 lower than 90％ (tSaO2＜90％),the occurrence of clinical symptoms and adverse effect,Epworth sleepiness scale(ESS) were compared between both groups.The correlation analyses were also conducted.Results ESS (3.58±3.76 vs.6.84 ± 3.22),AHI [(7.85±6.53) time/h vs.(10.42±7.27) time/h] and tSaO2＜90％[(5.65±15.43) min vs.(15.26±33.14) min] were lower(t=6.902,2.760,2.765,allP＜0.05),while SaO2mean [(96.57±1.53)％ vs.(94.63±1.38)％] and SaO2min [(88.24±4.43)％ vs.(83.28±5.06)％]were higher(t=-9.870,-7.740,both P＜0.05)in intensive treatment group than in non intensive treatment group.The occurrences of clinical symptoms and adverse effect (except for skin allergy) were decreased in intensive treatment group versus non-ITG (all P＜0.05).The AHI after intensive treatment was decreased in females versus males [(7.85±5.19) times /h vs.(11.27±7.78) times/h,t=2.133,P＜0.05].BMI,age,gender and the state of OSAHS were correlated to AHI,SaO2 mean,SaO2 min and tSao2＜90％ after intensive treatment (all P＜0.05).Conclusions The hospital intensive treatment can improve the clinical results and decrease the occurrences of clinical symptoms and adverse effect for elderly OSAHS patients,and is expected to improve therapy compliance,and its curative efficacy is correlated to BMI,age,gender and state of OSAHS before therapy.
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From March 1997 – September 2002, study on 31 patients intracerebral hemorrhage (28 male, 3 female) and 16 patients of control group (14 male, 2 female). The mortality of surgical treatment group was 32% and control group was 56%. Most of the benefit was in patients with lobar hemorrhage and following criteria: volume of hematoma 60cc, age 70, GCS 8. These is some suggestion that in the next future the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage will involve non-invasive, stereotactic aspiration of hemorrhage through a single burr hole within hours