Interpretation and consideration of “Substitution of in vivo method(s) by in vitro method(s) for the quality control of vaccines” in General Texts of European Pharmacopoeia / 中国生物制品学杂志

Interpretation and consideration of “Substitution of in vivo method(s) by in vitro method(s) for the quality control of vaccines” in General Texts of European Pharmacopoeia@#Potency is a critical quality attribute for controlling relevant biological properties and batch consistency of vaccines.The methods can be divided into in vivo and in vitro methods according to whether animals are used.The in vivo methods are large consuming of animals and time,as well as have large variant detection results.In contrast,the in vitro alternative methods have been the hotspot of research due to their simple operations,in line with 3Rs principles,and more stable results.However,owing to the complexity of experimental design and the lack of corresponding guidance,the research progress of alternative methods is slow.Recently,“Substitution of in vivo method(s) by in vitro method(s) for the quality control of vaccines” was adopted in the European Pharmacopoeia(10th Edition),which clarifies the critical points of consideration for substitution.This paper interprets the chapter and puts forward some thoughts on that in China,which is expected to speed up the alternative methods research and improve the ability of vaccine quality control and supervision in China.

Quality analysis of Rosae Radix et Rhizoma / 中国中药杂志

Rosae Radix et Rhizoma is a herbal medicine in a variety of famous Chinese patent medicines, while the quality standard for this medicine remains to be developed due to the insufficient research on the quality of Rosae Radix et Rhizoma from different sources. Therefore, this study comprehensively analyzed the components in Rosae Radix et Rhizoma of different sources from the aspects of extract, component category content, identification based on thin-lay chromatography, active component content determination, and fingerprint, so as to improve the quality control. The results showed that the content of chemical components varied in the samples of different sources, while there was little difference in the chemical composition among the samples. The content of components in the roots of Rosa laevigata was higher than that in the other two species, and the content of components in the roots was higher than that in the stems. The fingerprints of triterpenoids and non-triterpenoids were established, and the content of five main triterpenoids including multiflorin, rosamultin, myrianthic acid, rosolic acid, and tormentic acid in Rosae Radix et Rhizoma was determined. The results were consistent with those of major component categories. In conclusion, the quality of Rosae Radix et Rhizoma is associated with the plant species, producing area, and medicinal parts. The method established in this study lays a foundation for improving the quality standard of Rosae Radix et Rhizoma and provides data support for the rational use of the stem.

Efficacy of Danshen injection iontophoresis in the treatment of retinal vein occlusion / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To explore the efficacy of Danshen injection iontophoresis in the treatment of retinal vein occlusion(RVO).METHODS: The clinical data of 90 patients(90 eyes)with RVO treated in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were analyzed retrospectively, and they were divided into control group and observation group according to treatment methods. A total of 38 patients(38 eyes)in the control group were treated with intravenous Xueshuantong+oral compound Xueshuantong capsule+enteric-coated aspirin, and 52 patients(52 eyes)in the observation group were treated with Danshen injection iontophoresis on this basis. The treatment time of the two groups was 3mo. The clinical efficacy, best corrected visual acuity, retinal condition and hemorheological indexes(whole blood low shear viscosity, fibrinogen)were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.RESULTS: The total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(87% vs 58%,P<0.05)at 3mo after treatment. The best corrected visual acuity in both groups was better than that before treatment, and the observation group was better than the control group(all P<0.05).The circulation time of retinal vein, the relative diameter of retinal vein and the relative area of retinal hemorrhage in the observation group were lower than those before treatment,and the observation group was lower than the control group(all P<0.05). The whole blood low shear viscosity and fibrinogen levels in the two groups were lower than those before treatment, and the observation group was lower than those in the control group(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Danshen injection iontophoresis is effective in the treatment of patients with RVO, which can effectively improve the visual acuity, treat fundus lesions and improve the abnormal blood flow.

Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of Xinmailong Injection in treatment of heart failure after acute myocardial infarction / 中国中药杂志

To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Xinmailong Injection in the treatment of heart failure after acute myocardial infarction. Seven Chinese and English databases, namely CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, SinoMed and PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, were retrieved from the establishment of the database to March 2020. Randomized controlled trials for Xinmailong Injection in the treatment of heart failure after acute myocardial infarction were screened out. Cochrane collaboration network bias risk assessment tool was used to evaluate the literature quality of the studies included, and RevMan 5.3 software was used for Meta-analysis. A total of 926 relevant literatures were retrieved, and 12 studies were finally included, involving 972 patients, including 486 patients in the treatment group and 486 patients in the control group. The quality of the literatures included was generally low. The results of Meta-analysis showed that Xinmailong Injection combined with Western medicine could decrease the levels of BNP(SMD=-5.90, 95%CI[-8.45,-3.36], P<0.000 01) and NT-proBNP(SMD=-2.28, 95%CI[-3.13,-1.43], P<0.000 01) and decrease the levels of cTnI(SMD=-2.91, 95%CI[-4.21,-1.60], P<0.000 1), increase LVEF(MD=4.67, 95%CI[4.19, 5.16], P<0.000 01), increased 6 MWT(MD=73.90, 95%CI[67.51, 80.28], P<0.000 01], decreased LVEDD(MD=-5.46, 95%CI[-9.66,-1.25], P=0.01), reduce the level of serum inflammatory factor(hs-CRP, CRP, IL-6). In terms of safety, less adverse reactions occurred in the study, with no impact on the treatment. The results showed that clinical use of Xinmailong Injection combined with Western medicine in the treatment of heart failure after acute myocardial infarction can further alleviate clinical symptoms and relevant indexes, with less adverse reactions. However, due to the limitations in quantity and quality of the clinical studies included, the positive results can only be used as a hint and reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment, and more high-quality studies are needed to further confirm its efficacy.

Analysis of CYP2C19 gene polymorphism in patients with upper digestive system diseases in Anhui Province / 预防医学

Objective@#To analyze the CYP2C19 gene polymorphism in patients with upper digestive system diseases in Anhui Province, so as to provide evidence for individual treatment.@*Methods@#The 307 patients with upper digestive system diseases in the Department of Gastroenterology, The 901st Hospital of Combined Service Force of People＇s Liberation Army were selected. The CYP2C19 genotypes were detected by DNA microarray microarray. The CYP2C19 genotypes and metabolic types in different genders, ages and diseases were analyzed.@*Results@# There were 197 males ( 64.17% ) and 110 females ( 35.83% ) , with the age of ( 58.00±16.13 ) years old. The gene frequency of CYP2C19*1, CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 was 62.70%, 32.25% and 5.05%, respectively. There were 119 cases (38.76%) of *1/*1 ( 636GG, 681GG ), 129 cases ( 42.02% ) of *1/*2 ( 636GG, 681GA ) , 18 cases (5.86%) of *1/*3 ( 636GA, 681GG ) , 29 cases ( 9.45% ) of *2/*2 ( 636GG, 681AA ) , 11 cases ( 3.58% ) of *2/*3 ( 636GA, 681GA ) , and 1 cases ( 0.33% ) of *3/*3 ( 636AA, 681GG ). In terms of metabolisms, there were 119 cases ( 38.76% ) of fast metabolism type, 147 cases (47.88%) of intermediate metabolism type and 41 cases (13.35%) of slow metabolism type. There were no significant differences in CYP2C19 genotypes and metabolic types among the patients with different gender, age and digestive system diseases ( P＞0.05 ).@*Conclusion@#The CYP2C19 genotypes of patients with upper digestive system diseases were polymorphic, mainly the fast metabolism type and the intermediate metabolism type, which could provide reference for the clinical medication of individualized treatment of proton pump inhibitors.

Investigation on in Vitro Antioxidant Activity and Chemical Composition of Different Polar Parts of Extract of Rosa cymosa Roots / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the antioxidant activity and chemical composition of 75% ethanol extract of <italic>Rosa cymosa</italic> roots and its different polar parts. Method:The 75% ethanol extract of <italic>R. cymosa</italic> roots was divided into dichloromethane， ethyl acetate， <italic>n</italic>-butanol and water parts by organic solvent extraction. <italic>In vitro</italic> antioxidant activity of each fraction was determined by 1，1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） and 2，2'-azino-bis（3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid） （ABTS） free radical scavenging assays， as well as ferric reducing antioxidant power （FRAP） test. The contents of total triterpenes， total phenols， total tannins and condensed tannins in each fraction were determined by spectrophotometry. SPSS 24.0 software was used to conduct Pearson correlation analysis between the antioxidant activity of each fraction and the content of the main components， and then the main active fraction and the main active components were determined. The chemical constituents of the active fraction was analyzed by ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS）， and the structures of the main chromatographic peaks were predicted. Result:Each fraction of <italic>R. cymosa</italic> roots had certain antioxidant activity， and there was a significant dose-effect relationship within a certain concentration range， but the antioxidant activity of different polar parts was different. In DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging tests， the antioxidant activity of each fraction and vitamin C （VC， the positive drug） was ranked as ethyl acetate fraction>VC><italic>n</italic>-butanol fraction>ethanol extract>water fraction>dichloromethane fraction. In FRAP test， the activity of ethyl acetate fraction was weaker than that of VC， and the other order was unchanged. The contents of total triterpenes， total phenols， total tannins and condensed tannins in ethyl acetate fraction were 3.81%， 50.33%， 3.32%， and 39.79%， in <italic>n</italic>-butanol fraction were 0.88%， 41.42%， 2.25% and 23.55%， in ethanol extract were 2.90%， 41.95%， 3.43% and 20.14%， in water fraction were 0， 26.80%， 16.90% and 7.57%， and in dichloromethane fraction were 21.23%， 12.90%， 1.59%， and 6.17%， respectively. Correlation analysis results showed that the contents of total phenols and condensed tannins were positively correlated with the antioxidant activity， the contents of total triterpenes were negatively correlated with the antioxidant activity， and the correlation between total tannins and antioxidant activity was not obvious. A total of 26 compounds were identified from the ethyl acetate fraction by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS， including 11 condensed tannins， 4 hydrolysable tannins， 6 triterpenes， 3 flavonoids， 1 benzoic acid derivative and 1 chlorogenic acid analogue. Conclusion:Ethyl acetate fraction is the main antioxidant active site of <italic>R. cymosa</italic> roots， and phenols mainly composed of condensed tannins are the main active components. The results can provide experimental basis for the development of natural antioxidants.

Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting cancer-specific survival in pediatric melanoma / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective:To identify prognosis factors and construct a nomogram for the prediction of cancer-specific survival in surgically resected pediatric melanoma.Methods:A total of 912 patients aged 0-19 years were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and SEER database and randomly divided into training cohort (n=640) and validation cohort (n=272) (A ratio of 70:30) . Univariable and multivariable cox analysis were used to determine prognostic factors, and these factors were used to construct a nomogram for predicting cancer-specific survival in patients with resected pediatric melanoma. Model performance was evaluated by Harrell’s concordance index (C-index) ,the area under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and calibration plots.Results:As revealed by the multivariable cox analysis, age, tumor location, ulceration, and lymph node status were all associated with melanoma-specific survival in pediatric patients. On the basis of these factors, a nomogram was constructed. Both the training cohort and the validation cohort had a concordance index of 0.9, which validated the accuracy of our nomogram. The nomogram showed significant discriminative power in both training cohort (3-year AUC: 0.87, 5-year AUC: 0.88, 10-year AUC: 0.85) and validation cohort (3-year AUC: 0.87, 5-year AUC: 0.87, 10-year AUC: 0.89) . Also, the nomogram displayed a good calibration.Conclusions:These results suggest that the new model has superior predictive performance in predicting cancer-specific survival of pediatric melanoma. This individualized prediction model can provide reference for tailoring treatment and clinical counseling of pediatric melanoma.

Research progress of tannins in traditional Chinese medicines in recent ten years / 中国中药杂志

In this paper, the newly isolated tannins were sorted after a review of the literature concerning tannins in recent 10 years, and their research progress was summarized in terms of extraction, isolation, pharmacological activity and metabolism. Hydrolysable tannins and condensed tannins are the main structural types. Modern research shows that tannins have many pharmacological effects, such as bacteriostasis, antioxidation, antitumor, antivirus and blood glucose reduction, and have broad development prospects. They are usually extracted by water, ethanol and acetone and isolated and purified by macroporous resin and gel column chromatography. The packings commonly adopted for the column chromatography mainly included Sephadex LH-20, Diaion HP-20, MCI-gel CHP-20 and Toyopearl HW-40. Modern analytical techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(NMR), fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry(FAB-MS) and circular dichroism(CD) are generally used for the structural identification of tannins. Howe-ver, their isolation, purification and structural identification are still challenging. It is necessary to use a variety of high-throughput screening methods to explore their pharmacological activities and to explore the material basis responsible for their functions through experiments in vivo.

Clinical study on intradermal needle therapy in treating urinary retention after cervical cancer surgery / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of intradermal needle therapy for urinary retention after cervical cancer surgery. Methods: A total of 100 patients with urinary retention after cervical cancer surgery were randomized into a control group and an observation group, with 50 cases in each group. The control group was treated with basic nursing only, and the observation group was treated with additional intradermal needle therapy. Both groups were treated for 2 courses of treatment. The main symptom scores and residual urine volume of the two groups were observed before and after treatment, and the inpatient time, catheter indwelling time and the clinical efficacy were compared between the two groups. Results: The total effective rate was 96.0％ in the observation group and 88.0％ in the control group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, the main symptom scores and residual urine volume in both groups decreased significantly (all P<0.05), and the scores and residual urine volume in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05). The inpatient time and catheter indwelling time in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group (both P<0.05). Conclusion: Intradermal needle therapy has an obvious effect in improving symptoms of urinary retention after cervical cancer surgery, and the effect is significantly more persistent than that of simple basic nursing.

Effect of Different Compatibility of Menthae Haplocalycis Herba-Schizonepetae Herba on Influenza Virus / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To research optimum compatibility components ratio for the anti-influenza virus effect of different compatibility of Menthae Haplocalycis Herba-Schizonepetae Herba. Method:The 228 SPF grade ICR rats of half male and half female were randomly divided into 19 groups, with 12 rats in each group. In each group, the ratio of flavonoids and volatile oil was determined. ICR rats were anesthetized with ether and infected with influenza A virus A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) with A 10-fold lethal dose（LD50）50 μL nasal drip infection. Than the blank control group was treated with the same amount of normal saline nasal drip control, and the rats were given the drug by gavage on the day after virus infection, the blank group and model group were given the same amount of distilled water, and the positive control group were given Oseltamivirphosphate and compound Jinyinhua granules by gavage, and once a day for 7 days. Different compatibility of volatile oil and flavonoids in Menthae Haplocalycis Herba and Schizonepetae Herba are applied to rats infected with influenza A/PR8/34 (H1N1) virus to study the pharmacodynamic screening by lung index of influenza-infected mice and histopathological examination. And antiviral effects as well as the expression of interleukin-6（IL-6）, interleukin-1β（IL-1β）, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is studied. Result:Lung infection injury was prepared by infecting mice with influenza A virus A/ pr8/34(H1N1). Lung mass increased at the end of the experiment in the model group, and lung index was compared with that in the blank group(P<0.01). And the experimental lung weight of oseltamivirphosphate group, compound Jinyinhua granules group, volatile oil 1-volatile oil 2 group, volatile oil 1 group and volatile oil 2 group were compared with that of the model group (P<0.05). Lung index of Oseltamivirphosphate group and volatile oil group was compared with that of model group (P<0.01).Lung index of compound Jinyinhua granules group, volatile oil 1-volatile oil 2 group, volatile oil 2-flavonoids 2 group, volatile oil 1-volatile oil 2-flavonoids 1 group, volatile oil 1-volatile oil 2-flavonoids 2 group, volatile oil 1-volatile oil 2-flavonoids 2 group, volatile oil 1-volatile oil 2-flavonoids 2 group and volatile oil 2 group were compared with the model group (P<0.05). And antiviral effect as well as the expression of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α is studied. The expression levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α in volatile oil 1-flavonoids 1 group, volatile oil 1-flavonoids 2 group, volatile oil 1-volatile oil 2 group, volatile oil 1-volatile oil 2-flavonoids 1 group, volatile oil 1-volatile oil 2-flavonoids 2 group, volatile oil 2 groups, flavonoids 2 groups were decreased, compared with the model group (P<0.01). Conclusion:It is found that different combinations have better biological effects and good antiviral effects. This study explores the synergies compatibility rule and mechanism of action on Menthae Haplocalycis Herba and Schizonepetae Herba pairs, which will not only develop the theory of Chinese medicine compatibility but also contribute to laying a foundation for the innovation of the influenza virus drug development.

Prognostic factors for overall survival in patients with Merkel cell carcinoma / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective:To identify prognosis factors in patients with resected Merkel cell carcinoma and construct a nomogram for predicting 3- and 5-year overall survival.Methods:A total of 1271 patients were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. According to the ratio of 70:30, patients were randomly divided into training cohort ( n=891) and validation cohort ( n=380) . Cox regression model was fitted with R software, thus the prognostic factors for 3- and 5-year overall survival were confirmed and a nomogram to predict overall survival was established. C-index was used to evaluate model discrimination and the calibration plot was used to evaluate model accuracy.The predictive power of the model was compared with the eighth TNM staging system. Results:Multivariable cox analysis indicated age, sex, tumor size, N stage, M stage, marital status and radiation therapy were associated with overall survival. The above predictors were employed to build a new nomogram, and we found that the new predictive model was better at predicting 3- and 5- year overall survival than the latest TNM staging system. The C-index of the training cohort using the new model for survival prediction was 0.72, and the C-index of the training cohort using TNM staging system was only 0.64. The C-index of the validation cohort using the new model for survival prediction was 0.73, while the C-index of the validation cohort using TNM staging system was 0.63. The nomogram also displayed a good calibration.Conclusions:The new predictive model with comprehensive prognostic factors is superior to the 8th TNM staging system in predicting overall survival of patients with Merkel cell carcinoma. This new model can help doctors to predict the prognosis of each patient more accurately, and assist clinical decision-making and individualized treatment.

Efficacy of assisted treatment of thumb-tack acupuncture with surrounding needling method for herpes zoster of stagnated heat in liver meridian / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the efficacy difference between thumb-tack acupuncture with surrounding needling method plus medication and medication alone for herpes zoster (HZ) of stagnated heat in liver meridian type.@*METHODS@#According to random number table method, 60 patients with HZ of stagnated heat in liver meridian type were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each one. All the patients were treated with oral valaciclovir hydrochloride dispersible tablets (0.3 g per time, twice per day), mecobalamin tablets (0.5 mg per time, three times a day) and vitamin B (10 mg per time, three times a day) for 15 days. In addition, the patients in the observation group were treated with thumb-tack acupuncture at area 1 cm outside the herpes, with an interval of 3 cm between thumb-tack needles. The thumb-tack acupuncture was given once every 3 days, retained for 48 h, with an interval of 1 day between treatments, and totally 5 treatments were given. The index of herpetic evaluation (stopping time of herpes, scarring time, decrustation time), visual analogue scale (VAS), serum immune-related factors (IgG, IgM, IgA) and serum inflammatory factors (IL-4, IL-17, TNF-α, TGF-β1) were observed before and after treatment in the two groups.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, the stopping time of herpes, scarring time, decrustation time in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group (all 0.05), but the difference before and after treatment in the observation group was superior to that in the control group (<0.05). Compared before treatment, the levels of serum immune-related factors IgG, IgM, IgA were increased in the two groups after treatment (all <0.05), and the levels in the observation group after treatment were higher than those in the control group (all <0.05). Compared before treatment, the levels of serum inflammatory factors IL-4, IL-17, TNF-α, TGF-β1 were reduced in the two groups after treatment (all <0.05), and the levels in the observation group after treatment were lower than those in the control group (all <0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The thumb-tack acupuncture with surrounding needling method plus medication have the advantages of rapid onset and analgesic effect for HZ of stagnated heat in liver meridian type, which could also improve serum immune-related factors and reduce inflammatory reaction.

Diuretic effect and material basis of Clematidis Armandii Caulis in rats / 中国中药杂志

To search for the active diuretic fractions of Clematidis Armandii Caulis( CAC) and determine its main active chemical components by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry( LC-MS) and diuretic activity evaluation. CAC 75% ethanol extracts and extracts from different polar solvents were orally administered to saline-loaded rats at different doses. 6 h urinary volume,p H and contents of electrolyte Na+,K+and Cl-were measured. The chemical components of the active fractions were separated and identified by ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time of flight-mass spectrometry( UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS) method. As compared with the control group,the urine volume was increased by 44%( P< 0. 01) and 34%( P < 0. 05) in CAC75% ethanol extract 57. 74 and 28. 8 mg·kg-1 groups respectively; the Na+excretion was increased by 52%( P< 0. 01) and 45%( P<0. 05),respectively; while the Cl-excretion was increased by 101%( P<0. 01) and 85%( P<0. 05),respectively. The urine volume,Na+excretion and Cl-excretion were increased by 50%( P< 0. 01),58%( P< 0. 05),and 65%( P< 0. 05) respectively in petroleum ether extract 70. 98 mg·kg-1 group as compared with the control group. While for the n-butanol extract 194. 18 mg·kg-1 group,the urine volume,Na+and Cl-excretion were increased by 42%( P<0. 01),41%( P<0. 05) and 97%( P<0. 01),respectively. The diuretic activity of other fractions was not obvious. There was no statistical difference in K+excretion in all groups. The results of LC-MS analysis showed that six compounds,including two sterols,one chromogen and three fatty acids,were identified from petroleum ether extract.Fourteen compounds,including six triterpenoid saponins,six lignin glycosides,one sterol glycoside and one phenolic glycoside,were identified from the n-butanol extract. All the results suggested that the ethanol extract of CAC had remarkable diuretic activity and its main effective components included sterol,triterpenoid saponin and lignin glycosides.

Traditional Application of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus, a traditional Chinese medicine with dual-purpose of drug and food, has a long history of cultivation and application, showing high medicinal, dietetic, ornamental and economic values. Many modern researches have been conducted on the extraction technology, chemical constituents, quality standards and biological activities, but the herbal textual researches were relatively insufficient. The related records of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus in the ancient Chinese medicinal classics were ambiguous and confusing. By referring to ancient Chinese medicinal classics and modern books, the textual researches of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus, including the names, plant morphology, origin, medicinal properties, efficiency and application were systematically reviewed and analyzed in this paper, in order to provide the basis for the confirmation of original source of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus. The results showed that Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus was usually recorded as ‘Xiangyuan’ ‘Juyuan’ ‘Ganyuan’ ‘Xiangyuan’ ‘Foshougan’ etc. in ancient books. After the Ming and Qing dynasties, it became clear that ‘Xiangyuan’ was equivalent to ‘Juyuan’, but different from ‘Foshougan’. Therefore, these two species were recorded separately. From the ancient times to the present day, Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus was always mainly distributed in south of the Yangtze River, such as Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Jiangxi provinces. Ancient records and modern reports basically have the same understanding on properties, efficacies and indications of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus, considering it was warm in nature with the effectiveness of soothing liver, relieving pain, eliminating dampness and resolving phlegm. ‘Baking it into powder on new tiles’ and ‘steaming’ were the traditional processing methods. The description of ‘The longer of storage period, the better of the effect’ was occasionally recorded. These results provide theoretical references for the further study, resource development and comprehensive application of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus.

Chemical Compositions and Pharmacological Activities of Polygoni Multiflori Radix / 中国实验方剂学杂志

As a common tonic traditional Chinese medical herb,Polygoni Multiflori Radix has been extensively applied in clinic. In recent years,there have been many literatures related to Polygoni Multiflori Radix. By reviewing the literatures in domestic and foreign,the latest progress on chemical components and pharmacology of Polygoni Multiflori Radix have been summarized and analyzed. At present,more than 133 kinds of compounds have been isolated from Polygoni Multiflori Radix, such as stilbene glycosides,terpenoids,flavonoids,phospholipids and phenylpropanoids. Among them, stilbene dimer and dianthrone glycosides are two kind of new compounds recently isolated from it. The current researches about the pharmacological effect of Polygoni Multiflori Radix focus on anti-oxidative,anti-tumor,anti-atherosclerosis and neuro-protective effects,with potentials in treating neurodegenerative diseases, preventing and treating arterial and reducing blood sugar. Its medicinal ingredients mainly include stilbene glycosides,terpenoids and flavonoids,in which 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxysilbene 2-O-glucopyranoside shows a variety of biological activities. However,there are a few studies on the pharmacological activities of other compounds. Therefore,to ensure the further development and utilization of Polygoni Multiflori Radix,it is suggested to conduct a more in-depth and comprehensive research on the material basis of its efficacy.

Comparative study on dose-toxicity-effect of Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets and Tripterygium wilfordii Tablets on CIA model rats / 中国中药杂志

The aim of this paper was to compare the properties of Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets and Tripterygium wilfordii Tablets from dose-effect-toxicity on type Ⅱ collagen-induced arthritis( CIA) in rats. SD rats were randomly divided into eight groups,including normal group,model group,Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets groups( 1 times equivalent dose 0.009 g·kg-1,4 times equivalent dose 0.036 g·kg-1,16 times equivalent dose 0.144 g·kg-1),Tripterygium wilfordii Tablets groups( 1 times equivalent dose 0.007 5 mg·kg-1,4 times equivalent dose 0.030 mg·kg-1,16 times equivalent dose 0.120 mg·kg-1). Beginning on the first immunization,Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets and Tripterygium wilfordii Tablets administered intraperitoneally once a day. After the second immunization,the symptoms such as redness and swelling of joints were observed,and the clinical score and incidence of arthritis were evaluated. HE and Masson staining were used to examine the histopathological changes of joints. The expression level of anti-type Ⅱ collagen antibody Ig G in serum was detected by ELISA,routine testing of blood components,the concentration of ALP( alkaline phosphatase),ALT( alanine aminotransferase),AST( aspartate aminotransferase),GGT( gamma-glutamyltransferase),TBi L( total bilirubin),CRE( creatinine) and UREA( urea) in serum were detected by enzymatic assay. The rate of sperm deformity in the epididymis was evaluated under light microscope. The extent of damage to the testis and ovarian tissue was assessed by HE staining. Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets and Tripterygium wilfordii Tablets attenuated the inflammation,redness,swelling and deformity of joints and reduced the clinical score and incidence of arthritis in CIA rats. Meanwhile,it also exhibited obvious reduction in all pathological features such as joint synovitis,pannus,cartilage erosion and bone destruction. Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets and Tripterygium wilfordii Tablets reduced Ig G in a dose-dependent manner,and Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets is better than Tripterygium wilfordii Tablets( P<0.05 or P<0.01). The high doses of Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets and Tripterygium wilfordii Tablets could significantly increase the organ coefficient of liver and spleen and reduced RBC and HGB in CIA rats( P<0.01),and severity leading to death. Gastric mucosal injury and morphological changes of liver and kidney were not observed in CIA rats of Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets and Tripterygium wilfordii Tablets treatment group. The 4 and 16 times doses of Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets and Tripterygium wilfordii Tablets could significantly increase serum ALT,GGT and decrease CRE( P<0.05 or P<0.01). Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets and Tripterygium wilfordii Tablets could increase the sperm deformity rate and damage the testicular seminiferous tubules of CIA male rats. Severity increased with dose and time increasing. The effect of Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets( 16 times) is more significant than Tripterygium wilfordii Tablets( 16 times). Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets and Tripterygium wilfordii Tablets significantly delayed onset of arthritis and inhibited the paw edema and arthritic score. Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets and Tripterygium wilfordii Tablets also caused male reproductive damage,high dose affected hematopoiesis,and maximum dose leading to death. Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets and Tripterygium wilfordii Tablets all depended on dose-effect-toxicity manner. Anti-arthritis effect of Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets is better than Tripterygium wilfordii Tablets,but the toxicity of Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets maximum dose is more obvious. The relevant conclusions of our study will provide experimental references for clinical rational use of drugs,and further clinical studies are needed to confirm our conclusions.

Effects of Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets from 6 different manufacturers on acute liver injury of normal mice / 中国中药杂志

The aim of this paper was to compare the performance of acute liver injury in mice induced by Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets from 6 different manufacturers,and to explore the toxicity mechanism from the perspective of oxidative stress and apoptosis preliminarily. Male or female mice were randomly divided into normal group,Zhejiang group,Hunan group,Hubei group,Shanghai group,Jiangsu group and Fujian group. Mice in Tripgerygium Glycosides Tablets groups were given 16 times the clinical equivalent dose( 300 mg·kg-1) Tripgerygium Glycosides Tablets by oral administration for one time,mice were executed in 24 h after lavaged.Then the visceral brain coefficient of the organ was calculated. Histopathological changes of liver were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Td T-mediated d UTP nick-end labeling was used to detect the apoptosis of the liver cells and the protein content of oxidative stress related factors in liver homogenate. Nuclear transcription factor E2-related factor( Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1( HO-1) as well as mitochondrial mediated apoptosis-related protein expression levels of Bax and Bcl-2 in hepatic tissue were measured by Western blot.Within 24 hours of administration,6 male mice in Jiangsu group and 2 female mice in Zhejiang group were dying; compared with normal ones,liver coefficients of mice in Zhejiang,Shanghai,Jiangsu and Hunan groups were significantly increased,thymus coefficients in the first two groups were significantly reduced,as well as the lung coefficients of Fujian group mice,the rest was normal. In addition to Hubei group,serum AST,ALT or ALP levels of mice were increased,while TBi L were not being affected. Histopathological changes and apoptosis of liver cells were observed in all mice,and the degree of severity was ranked as Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Shanghai,Hunan,Hubei and Fujian group. All Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets increased the MDA and reduced the content of T-SOD,CAT or GSH in liver tissue while inhibited Nrf2,HO-1 and Bcl-2,increased the protein expression level of Bax( except Hunan group). Tripgerygium Glycosides Tablets from 6 manufacturers all resulted in liver function damage and liver histopathological changes,especially in Jiangsu,Hubei and Fujian,and the mechanism may related to inhibit Nrf2/HO-1 oxidative stress pathway and activate Bax/Bcl-2 apoptosis pathway to mediate lipid peroxidation and induce liver cell apoptosis. Triptolide A may be one of the main toxic components of Tripgerygium Glycosides Tablets that causing drug-induced liver injury. This study was conducted on normal mice with super dose medication,so the relevant results are for reference only.

Identification of metabolites of Chenxiang Huaqi pill in rats based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS / 中国中药杂志

To analyze the metabolites of Chenxiang Huaqi pill in rats by using ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). The separation was performed on Phenomenex Kinetex C₁₈ column, with the acetonitrile -0.1% formic acid as the mobile phase for gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.8 mL·min⁻¹. The data were collected by the positive ion mode of ESI source. The plasma and urine total ion chromatograms of the rats in blank group and treatment group were used to analyze the targeted ion chromatograms. The results showed that 24 compounds were detected in the plasma and urine, including 5 prototype components and 19 metabolites. The major metabolic pathways included hydration, glucuronidation, demethylation, hydrolysis, hydroxylation and sulfation. The method was rapid, simple and sensitive, and can be used to rapidly identify the metabolites of Chenxiang Huaqi pill that can be absorbed in rats, providing a reference for the study of the absorption and metabolism mechanism of Chenxiang Huaqi pill .

Bioinformation analysis of chorismate synthase in Baphicacantus cusia and other 78 species of plants / 中国中药杂志

Chorismate synthase(CS, EC:4.2.3.5) catalyses 5-enolpyruvy-shikimate-3-phosphate to form chorismate, which is the essential enzyme for chorismate biosynthesis in organisms. The amino acid sequences of CS from 79 species of higher plants were reported in GenBank at present. 125 amino acid sequences of CS from Baphicacanthus cusia and other 78 species of plants were predicted and analyzed by using various bioinformatics software, including the composition of amino acid sequences, signal peptide, leader peptide, hydrophobic/hydrophilic, transmembrane structure, coiled-coil domain, protein secondary structure, tertiary structure and functional domains. The phylogenetic tree of CS protein family was constructed and divided into eight groups by phylogenetic analysis. The homology comparison indicated that B. cusia shared a high homology with several plants such as Sesamum indicum, Nicotiana tabacum, Solanum tuberosum and so on. The open reading frame(ORF) of all samples is about 1 300 bp, the molecular weight is about 50 kDa, the isoelectric point(pI) is 5.0-8.0 which illustrated that CS protein is slightly basic. The ORF of CS we cloned in B. cusia is 1 326 bp, the amino acid residues are 442, the molecular weight is 47 kDa and pI is 8.11. The CS in B.cusia showed obvious hydrophobicity area and hydrophilicity area, no signal peptide, and may exists transmembrane structure areas. The main secondary structures of CS protein are random coil and Alpha helix, also contain three main structural domains which are an active structural domain, a PLN02754 conserved domain and a FMN binding site. The acquired information in this study would provide certain scientific basis for further study on structure-activity relationship and structure modification of CS in plants in the future.

Identification of chemical compositions in Chenxiang Huaqi Pills by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS / 中草药

Objective: To analyze the main chemical constituents of traditional Chinese medicine compound Chenxiang Huaqi Pills by using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS technology. Methods: The separation was performed on Phenomenex Kinetex C18 column (100 mm×4.6 mm, 2.7 μm), and the gradient elution of acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid was used as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The data was collected by the positive and negative ion modes using Q-TOF/MS and ESI source. The main chemical constituents of Chenxiang Huaqi Pills were identified according to the exact molecular mass, the cleavage fragments of MS/MS, the literature data, and the reference control. Results: A total of 73 chemical components were separated and identified in Chenxiang Huaqi Pills, including 36 flavonoids, 16 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones, 7 triterpenoid saponins, 2 sesquiterpene lactones, and 12 other components. Conclusion: This study showed that UPLC-Q-TOF/MS technology provided a simple, rapid, and accurate method for the identification of chemical constituents in Chenxiang Huaqi Pills, which provided a new technology method for the pharmacological basis and quality control of Chenxiang Huaqi Pills.