ABSTRACT
Spermatogenesis is composed of a series of complex biological events, which are regulated by complex factors. There is a phenomenon of delayed translation in spermatogenesis, so the changes of transcription and protein expression are not completely consistent. Thus post-translational modifications (PTMs) play a key role in spermatogenic biological events. In recent years, the development of proteomics has deepened the discovery of PTM. This paper reviews the advances in multiple PTMs proteomic during testicular spermatogenesis. Their effects on sperm function and fertility, as well as their significance for future diagnosis and treatment are discussed.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Drug-induced liver damage is a potential complication from using many drugs. The aim of our study was to analyze the etiology and clinical features of drug-induced liver damage, in order to draw more attention to this problem.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two hundred and seventy-six cases over a 5-year period in Jiangsu Province Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A variety of drugs, including traditional Chinese medicines (26.1% of our total cases) and anticancer drugs (17%) caused liver damage. The main clinical manifestations of it were fatigue, nausea, vomiting and jaundice. In 88% of our cases the symptoms were relieved or completely disappeared, but there was still a 5.1% mortality rate.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The clinical features of drug-induced liver damage are of no specificity, and the mortality of it is not low. Liver function should be monitored when suspected drugs are prescribed.</p>