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This article introduced the research design and main results of the article " Effect of Moderate and Vigorous Aerobic Exercise on Incident Diabetes in Adults with Obesity: A 10-Year Follow-up of a Randomized Clinical Trial" recently published in JAMA Internal Medicine, and addressed the scientific significance of the study. The importance of obesity management has been well discussed recently. This study investigated obesity management strategies for obese individuals and their long-term metabolic benefits.
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Objective:To study the risk factors of acute stroke within 1 year after hip fracture in the elderly and its effect on prognosis.Methods:From January 2018 to December 2020, 278 elderly hip fracture patients undergoing surgery were retrospectively analyzed, including 101 males and 177 females, aged from 60 to 99 years with an average of(78.9±8.7)years.According to whether acute stroke occurred within 1 year after operation, the patients were divided into stroke group and non-stroke group.A multivariate Logistic regression was used to evaluate the risk factors for acute stroke within 1 year after hip fracture, and the prognosis was analyzed.Results:Acute stroke occurred in 28 patients(10.1%)within 1 year after operation, and the peak of stroke onset occurred in the third months after operation.Patients in the stroke group were older, and had a higher proportion of hypertension, arrhythmia, previous stroke history, and use of anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs before fracture( P<0.05 for all). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that advanced age( OR=1.078, 95% CI=1.007-1.153, P=0.030), male( OR=2.643, 95% CI=1.060-6.742, P=0.037)and previous stroke history( OR=12.202, 95% CI=4.662-31.940, P<0.001)were independent risk factors for stroke in elderly patients with hip fracture within 1 year after operation.The 1-year mortality, complication rate and readmission rate in the stroke group were significantly higher than those in the non-stroke group( P<0.05 for all). Conclusions:The incidence of stroke is high in elderly patients with hip fracture within 1 year after operation.Older age, male, and previous stroke history were independent risk factors for acute stroke.The prognosis of stroke was poor in elderly patients with hip fracture, and the 1-year mortality, complication and readmission rates were high.
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ObjectiveTo reveal the clinical efficacy of Yunpi Huatan Tongqiao prescription in relieving inflammation， hypoxia， and adenoidal hypertrophy （AH）， and improving the quality of sleep-disordered breathing in children with AH by promoting M2-type polarization of macrophages through a randomized double-blind clinical trial. MethodSeventy-one AH children who met the research criteria and were treated in the Department of Pediatrics of Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from March 2022 to February 2023 were divided into an observation group （36 cases） and a control group （35 cases）. A randomized double-blind method was adopted. The patients in the observation group were given Yunpi Huatan Tongqiao prescription combined with placebo of montelukast sodium chewable tablets， while those in the control group were given montelukast sodium chewable tablets combined with placebo of Yunpi Huatan Tongqiao prescription. The treatment course was 84 days. After treatment， the therapeutic effect and sleep monitoring indicators were compared. Before and after treatment， venous blood was collected to compare the levels of macrophage polarization-related inflammatory factors between the two groups. ResultThe adenoidal/nasopharyngeal space （A/N） integral in the nasal and pharyngeal lateral radiographs， After treatment， the AH therapeutic effect score， and the traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome therapeutic effect score in both groups were lower than those before treatment （P<0.01）. Compared with the control group after treatment， the observation group showed a more significant reduction in various integral levels （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The improvement degree of A/N in the nasal and pharyngeal lateral radiographs in the observation group was better than that in the control group （Z=-2.970， P<0.01）， and the total effective rate of the therapeutic effect of AH （χ2=7.715， P<0.01） and the TCM syndrome therapeutic effect （χ2=13.239， P<0.01） were superior to those in the control group. The levels of interleukin-6 （IL-6） and tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-α） in both groups after treatment were lower， and the level of interleukin-10 （IL-10） was higher than those before treatment （P<0.01）. The level of transforming growth factor-beta （TGF-β） showed an increasing trend， but the difference was not statistically significant. Compared with the control group after treatment， the observation group showed more significant improvement in IL-10 and TNF-α levels （P<0.01）， a decreasing trend in IL-6， and an increasing trend in TGF-β， but the difference was not statistically significant. Compared with the results before treatment， the apnea-hypopnea index （AHI） and oxygen desaturation index （ODI） in both groups decreased significantly （P<0.01）. The observation group showed a significant reduction in the duration of the longest apnea and the longest hypopnea， as well as a significant increase in the mean and lowest oxygen saturation （P<0.01）. The control group also showed improvements in the above indicators， but the difference was not statistically significant. Compared with the control group after treatment， the observation group showed a more significant improvement in AHI， ODI， the duration of the longest hypopnea， and mean and lowest oxygen saturation （P<0.05， P<0.01）. There was a decreasing trend in the longest duration of apnea， but the difference was not statistically significant. ConclusionYunpi Huatan Tongqiao prescription can reduce the size of adenoids， alleviate clinical symptoms and signs in AH children， improve the constitution characterized by "spleen deficiency and phlegm obstruction"， reduce the occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing events， alleviate the degree of hypoxia in the child's body during sleep at night， and has satisfactory clinical efficacy. The improvement of clinical symptoms and sleep quality in AH children by Yunpi Huatan Tongqiao prescription may be achieved by promoting macrophage polarization from M1 to M2.
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Objective To investigate the changing trend of platelet count (PLT) and related influencing factors in patients with hepatitis B virus-related chronic-on-acute liver failure (HBV-ACLF) after artificial liver support system (ALSS) therapy. Methods A total of 152 patients with HBV-ACLF who were hospitalized and treated in The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from January 2018 to November 2021 were included in the study, among whom 102 patients received plasma exchange (PE) and 50 patients received double plasma molecular absorption system combined with low-dose PE, and their clinical data and laboratory marker were measured. The independent samples t -test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used for the comparison of continuous data between two groups, and the chi-square test was used for the comparison of categorical data between two groups; a multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the risk factors for PLT > 50×10 9 /L after ALSS therapy; the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to investigate the value of baseline PLT in predicting PLT > 50×10 9 /L after ALSS therapy. Results The patients were mostly middle-aged male adults; among the 152 patients, 70 (46.1%) had liver cirrhosis on admission, 114 (75.0%) received three sessions of ALSS therapy, and 88% had a baseline PLT count of > 50×10 9 /L. There was a significant reduction in PLT from baseline to after ALSS therapy (79.5±47.7 vs 112.5±64.1, t =4.965, P 0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that cirrhosis (odds ratio [ OR ]=3.097, 95% confidence interval [ CI ]: 1.255-7.645, P =0.014) and PLT > 50×10 9 /L at baseline ( OR =0.019, 95% CI : 0.002-0.154, P 50×10 9 /L after ALSS therapy. The ROC curve analysis of baseline PLT showed that PLT > 80.5×10 9 /L at baseline was the optimal cut-off value affecting PLT > 50×10 9 /L after treatment, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.818. Conclusion The influence of ALSS therapy on PLT is temporary, but cirrhotic patients have a weaker PLT generation ability than non-cirrhotic patients. PLT > 80.5×10 9 /L at baseline is the optimal cut-off value to reduce the risk of bleeding after ALSS therapy.
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OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the changes and characteristics of pediatric outpatient visits in a general hospital before and after the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic.@*METHODS@#Based on the registration data of pediatric outpatient visits in the information system (HIS)of Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, from January 1 2018 to December 31 2020, aged 0 to 16 years, we analyzed the changes of outpatient visits before and after the epidemic, focusing on respiratory infection including influenza. The relationship between the outpatient visits and age and quarterly distribution were also studied.@*RESULTS@#(1) Respiratory infection accounted for the majority of outpatient visits in 2018 and 2019 (60.6% and 60.5%, respectively). Non-respiratory infection accounted for the main proportion of outpatient visits in 2020, while respiratory infection accounted for only 47.4%. Annual respiratory infection visits, respiratory infectious diseases visits especially influenza visits all decreased significantly in 2020 compared with that in 2018 and 2019 (P < 0.05). (2)Respiratory infection visits were highest in the infant group, lowest in the school age group (P < 0.05) and highest in the fourth quarter each year. It decreased significantly in the second quarter of 2020 with statistical significance when compared with the other quarters of 2020(P < 0.05). (3)Influenza accounted for the highest proportion of respiratory infectious diseases visits in each year. It was highest in first quarter, which was significantly different from the other quarters of the year (P < 0.05). There were different distributions of influenza visits throughout 2018 and 2019, while it was only distributed in the first quarter and 99% in January in 2020.@*CONCLUSION@#The respiratory infection and influenza visits have decreased significantly in our pediatric outpatient department after the COVID-19 epidemic, which is considered closely related to the lifestyle and personal protection after the epidemic. It is recommended that health education on respiratory infection and influenza prevention should be strengthened, especially in winter and spring, to promote the development of good respiratory and hand hygiene habits.
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Child , Humans , Infant , COVID-19 , Hospitals, General , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Outpatients , Pandemics , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
Objective:To observe the effects of applying ultrasound-guided balloon dilatation in the treatment of post-stroke cyclopthyroid achalasia.Methods:Thirty-eight stroke survivors with cyclopneaful achalasia were divided into a control group ( n=19) and an experimental group ( n=19). All had been diagnosed with cycloparyngeal achalasia using videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS). The controls were treated with conventional oral balloon dilatation, while the experimental group underwent ultrasound-guided oral balloon dilatation. The treatment was performed once every 2 days. During the treatment period, the durations and the number of expansions were recorded, and the patient′s comfort and throat pain were evaluated. The Kubota drinking water test (KDWT), standardized swallowing assessment (SSA) scoring and VFSS scoring were compared before and after the 2 weeks of treatment. Results:The average daily duration of expansions in the experimental group was significantly less than in the control group and their number was significantly greater. Comfort and larynx pain were also significantly better in the experimental group. The effective rate in the KDWT was 78.95% in the treatment group, significantly higher than the control group′s 31.58%. Significant differences were also found in the average SSA scores, VFSS pharyngeal phase scores and in the incidence of achalasia between the experimental and control groups.Conclusions:Using ultrasound to guide balloon dilatation can shorten the operation, reduce the throat pain involved and allow for more expansions, greater comfort and thus more effective treatment.
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Glioblastoma is one of the most common intracranial malignant tumor and its initiation and progression are closely associated with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). EGFR variant III (EGFRvIII) is a mutant EGFR and highly expressed in glioblastoma. EGFRvIII promotes the proliferation and invasiveness of glioblastoma cells and induces drug resistance by signaling networks.
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Humans , Brain Neoplasms , Cell Line, Tumor , ErbB Receptors , Glioblastoma , Drug Therapy , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
Objective To observe the long-term efficacy and safety of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) for systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients.Methods Between May 2007 and June 2009,4 patients with SSc were enrolled in the study.Peripheral blood stem cells were mobilized with cyclophosphamide (CTX) followed by granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF).Conditioning was performed with i.v.cyclophosphamide 50 mg ·kg-1 ·d-1 for 4 days.The results of the modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS),thoracic high-resolution computer tomography and pulmonary function were collected after transplantation.Results There was an improvement in mRSS,lung function and HRCT in the six months after AHSCT.Within six month to one year after transplantation,one patient had sustained and two patients recurred.After active treatments two patients were improved again.During the follow-up of 8.7 (4.1-9.8) years,three patients were stable and one patient died.Infection and hepatic function injury were the major complications.There was not transplant-related mortality.Conclusion AHSCT with CTX as a pre-conditioning regimen is safe and effective for SSc.The efficacy for patients with short course,rapid progress and edema is significant.However,long-term efficacy is poor,and long-term maintenance treatment is needed.
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Exonuclease Ⅷ (Exo Ⅷ), an ATP-independent dsDNA 5'-3' exonuclease, is a candidate protein with great application value for in vitro DNA recombination. However, the application of Exo Ⅷ in DNA recombination in vitro has not been reported. In this study, the recombinant expression vector of the truncated Exo Ⅷ (tExo Ⅷ) with the full exonuclease activity was built and used to achieve the overexpression of tExo Ⅷ in Escherichia coli. Based on the purified tExo Ⅷ protein with high-purity, the feasibility of tExo Ⅷ applied in vitro DNA recombination and effects of the reaction temperatures, reaction duration, and homology arm lengths were examined. The results showed that tExo Ⅷ was highly expressed in soluble form in E. coli. One liter of bacterial culture yielded 92.40 mg of purified tExo Ⅷ with the specific activity of 1.21×10⁵ U/mg. In a 10 μL recombination system containing 2.5 U tExo Ⅷ, the highest cloning efficiency was achieved in a reaction at 25 °C for 12.5 min and followed by incubation at 50 °C for 50 min. With addition of Pfu DNA polymerase, the homology arm extension strategy can effectively improve the recombination efficiency. Using competent E. coli Mach1 T1 with 2.2×10⁶ cfu/μg transformation efficiency as recipient cell, the recombination of a 1 kb fragment with a 21 bp homology arm and a 5.8 kb linearized vector can form about 1.1×10⁴ recombinant clones per μg vector, and the positive rates was over 80%. The recombination efficiency was increased with the increasing length of homology arm ranged from 8 to 21 bp. Under the optimal reaction condition, only 8 bp homology arm can still achieve valid DNA recombination. This novel in vitro DNA recombination system mediated by tExo Ⅷ was particularly characterized by its easy preparation, no limitation on restriction sites and high recombination cloning efficiency. All results revealed that the new efficient gene cloning system has potential application in the field of molecular biology.
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Cloning, Molecular , Escherichia coli , Genetics , Exonucleases , Genetics , Recombinant Proteins , Metabolism , Recombination, GeneticABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the molecular mechanism underlying the inhibitory effects of aspirin against human breast cancer cell proliferation through bioinformatics analysis.@*METHODS@#Drug Bank 5.1.3 was searched to identify direct protein targets (DPTs) of aspirin, and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the DPTs was constructed online using STRING and the signaling pathways involved were identified. The genetic alterations of 6 DPTs associated with human breast cancer was analyzed and visualized by cBio Portal and OncoPrint, respectively. The transcriptomic data of breast cancer and normal tissues were downloaded from TCGA database, and the overexpressed genes were analyzed by DECenter. The intersection between the genes associated with the DPTs obtained by STRING analysis and the differentially over-expressed genes in TCGA was determined to confirm the candidate DPTs as a potential target of aspirin, and GO functional enrichment analysis was performed using Gene Ontology. The potential targets of aspirin against the proliferation of human breast cancer cells were verified by Western blotting.@*RESULTS@#Eleven DPTs of aspirin were identified. KEGG pathway enrichment indicated that 6 genes (EDNRA, IKBKB, NFKB2, NFKBIA, PTGS2 and TP53) were associated with the occurrence and development of cancer. A total of 10 220 differentially expressed genes were identified from the TCGA database, and among them 4 genes (, , , ) were found to be the potential targets for aspirin. These genes were involved mostly in the regulation of cell cycle and cell division. Western blotting showed that aspirin could down-regulate the expression levels of several pivotal proteins that regulated cell cycle and cell division, including , , and .@*CONCLUSIONS@#, , and may be potential targets for aspirin to inhibit the proliferation of human breast cancer cells, by affecting the progress of cell cycle and cell division.
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Objective@#To observe the long-term efficacy and safety of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) for systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients.@*Methods@#Between May 2007 and June 2009,4 patients with SSc were enrolled in the study. Peripheral blood stem cells were mobilized with cyclopho-sphamide (CTX) followed by granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). Conditioning was performed with i.v. cyclophosphamide 50 mg·kg-1·d-1 for 4 days. The results of the modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS), thoracic high-resolution computer tomography and pulmonary function were collected after transplantation.@*Results@#There was an improvement in mRSS, lung function and HRCT in the six months after AHSCT. Within six month to one year after transplantation, one patient had sustained and two patients recurred. After active treatments two patients were improved again. During the follow-up of 8.7 (4.1-9.8) years, three patients were stable and one patient died. Infection and hepatic function injury were the major complications. There was not transplant-related mortality.@*Conclusion@#AHSCT with CTX as a pre-conditioning regimen is safe and effective for SSc. The efficacy for patients with short course, rapid progress and edema is significant. However, long-term efficacy is poor, and long-term maintenance treatment is needed.
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This report summarized current knowledge and findings relevant to environmental and genetic risk factors in brain tumors,with a particular focus on glioma.To date,the established risk factors for brain tumors are family history and ionizing radiation exposure;whereas there is an inverse association between tumors and other factors such as history of allergies,atopic conditions,chickenpox,and varicella zoster virus infection.To identify inherited genetic variants impacting susceptibility of brain tumors,large scale familial linkage-scan pedigree analysis,populationbased candidate genes,and genome-wide association study were performed.More recently;next generation exome and whole genome sequencing studies were also conducted.
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Objective To investigate the independent association of serum Fetuin-B with metabolic syndrome in obese Chinese adults.Methods Cross-sectional data on socio-demographic,lifestyle,clinical characteristics, and serum Fetuin-B were collected for 1 318 Chinese adults with central obesity.Associations of serum Fetuin-B with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance were analyzed using multivariable Logistic regression analysis.Results A total of 820(62.2%)individuals were identified as metabolic syndrome.Subjects with metabolic syndrome showed significantly increased levels of serum Fetuin-B than those with non-metabolic syndrome[(4.18 ±1.39 vs 4.02 ± 1.35)μg/ml,P=0.043].Increased serum Fetuin-B were significantly associated with increased fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels, as well as prevalences of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and insulin resistance.After adjustment for potential confounders, serum Fetuin-B was significantly associated with increased risks of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance(OR=1.19,95%CI 1.06-1.34,P=0.004;OR=1.15,95%CI 1.01-1.30,P=0.031 respectively).Conclusion Serum Fetuin-B level was significantly associated with NAFLD;and elevated serum Fetuin-B was significantly associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome.
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N-glycanase is a class of deglycosylation enzymes, widely used in the study of N-glycosylation modification of glycoprotein. In this study, an N-glycanase gene (OsPNGase A, XM_015775832) with high GC content (69.48%) was cloned from rice and then the yeast secretory expression vector pPICZ(α)A-OsPNGase A was constructed for the purpose of transformation to Pichia pastoris. After induction in Pichia pastoris SMD1168H, the target protein was purified by DEAE Sepharose and HisTrap HP chromatography, with a yield of 12.3 mg OsPNGase A from 1 L fermentation medium, showing a specific activity of 258 U/mg. SDS-PAGE revealed that the purified OsPNGase A was a single band and showed consistentcy with the expected molecular weight. OsPNGase A could act on transferrin recombinantly expressed in rice, avidin recombinantly expressed in corn and horseradish peroxidase. Furthermore, OsPNGase A showed higher activity than commercial PNGase F towards avidin. OsPNGase A displayed the highest digestion activity at pH 6.0 and 40 °C, and was also active in the neutral and alkaline environment. Despite the fact that OsPNGase A was inhibited by reducing agents and surfactants, it still maintained partial enzymatic activity in 100 mmol/L β-ME or DTT. Therefore, the successful expression of rice OsPNGase A provides a new tool for the study of plant glycoproteins and the establishment of yeast secretion expression system lays the foundation for the preparation of PNGase A.
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Targeting cell apoptosis is currently the most promising therapy for cancer treatment. The BH3-only protein, which is a member of Bcl-2 family, can bind to the pro-survival members of the family and neutralize their functional activities to induce apoptosis (ie, to isolate pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family). BH3 mimetics, a kind of small molecule compounds, has the ability to mimic the BH3-only protein to induce apoptosis. The prototype of BH3 mimetics is ABT-737, who can selectively targets on BCL-XL, BCL-2 and BCL-W (but not MCL-1 and A1). ABT-263, a derivative of ABT-737, has a better performance of inducing apoptosis and inhibiting the growth of tumor in clinical trials. At this stage, some presumably BH3 mimetics has entered the clinical stage, while a large part of them is still being characterized and tested. Basing on the mechanism of BH3-only protein, this review summarize a variety of BH3 mimetics which have been widely recognized, and show the latest developments of newly diagnosed BH3 mimetics in the field.
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To explore the influence of preventive use of vasopressin tannate on diabetes insipidus and serum sodium at the early postoperation of craniopharyngioma. Methods: The data of 83 patients, who underwent unilateral sub-frontal approach resection of craniopharyngioma between 2010 and 2014 by the same senior neurosurgeon, were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into a vasopressin tannate group (used group) and a control group. The diabetes insipidus and serum sodium changes were compared between the two groups. Results: Compared with the control group, the incidence of diabetes insipidus decreased at the early postoperation in the vasopressin tannate group (P<0.05). There was high incidence of diabetes insipidus in patients with pituitary stalk excision and tumor close adhesion to the third ventricle floor at the early postoperation (P<0.05). Under such conditions, the incidence of diabetes insipidus in the vasopressin tannate group was decreased compared with the control group (P<0.05). Postoperative hypernatremia occurred in 37 patients (44.6%), and hyponatremia occurred in 60 patients (72.3%), the average time of the occurrence of hpernatremia and hyponatremia was 1.4 and 3.7 days after surgery. Postoperative high serum sodium and low serum sodium appeared alternately in 19 patients (22.9%). There was significant difference in the serum sodium distribution in the first day after surgery in both groups (P<0.05), and the percent of hpernatremia in the vasopressin tannate group was significantly less than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Preventive use of vasopressin tannate can effectively reduce diabetes insipidus and hypernatremia incidence at the early postoperative stage after microsurgery for craniopharyngioma.
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Female , Humans , Male , Arginine Vasopressin , Therapeutic Uses , Craniopharyngioma , General Surgery , Diabetes Insipidus , Hypernatremia , Epidemiology , Hyponatremia , Epidemiology , Incidence , Microsurgery , Pituitary Gland , General Surgery , Pituitary Neoplasms , Postoperative Complications , Postoperative Period , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2(EZH2)is the catalytic subunit of polycomb repressor complex 2(PRC2),a complex that methylates lysine-27 of histone H3(H3K27). PRC2 facilitates chro?matin compaction and gene silencing by modulating the methylation of H3K27,which is thought to be the classical function of EZH2 in several types of cancer. In some other situations,EZH2 also acts as an acti?vator of transcription in a PRC2-independent manner. EZH2 has been demonstrated to be extensively involved in the development and progression of cancer by inducing aberrant histone modification and gene transcription via aberrant EZH2 expression,functional mutation or other mechanisms which are very context-dependent. EZH2 inhibitors targeting the catalytic activity of EZH2 or the stability of PRC2 have been designed for cancer therapies and some of them have produced positive effects. This review focuses on the regulation of EZH2 on cancer epigenetics and the development of therapeutic drugs targeting EZH2.
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Macroautophagy is a catabolic pathway that degrades cellular components through the lysosomal machinery. Autophagy acts as a survival mechanism under energy depletion-or nutrition deficiency-caused stress as an intracellular quality management system by clearing damaged organelles like mitochondria and proteins. During the early and late stages of cancer development, the role of autophagy differs. In the very early stages of carcinogenesis, autophagy has an important function by reducing cancer initiating genetic instability and aberrant protein aggregates as well as promoting anti-cancer immune response. In established malignant tumors autophagy confers resistance against metabolic stress caused by nutrient deprivation and the rapid proliferation of carcinoma cells. This function of autophagy is also important for radiation and chemotherapy resistance in cancer. Autophagy not only promotes the survival of tumor cells, but also, in special condition, leads to autophagic tumor cell death. During dysfunctional apoptosis this form of cell death mainly sensitizes cancer cells for therapy such as ionizing radiation. Therefore, the functions of autophagy during cancer progression and therapy are two-sided and further research is needed to understand them in greater detail. In this review, the regulation and the role of autophagy in cancer and chemotherapy resistance are discussed.
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Objective To investigate the role of Furin in breast cancer cell proliferation and provide a theoretical basis for in￣depth study of breast cancer. Methods Different concentrations of Furin inhibitor were added in MCF￣7 cell culture to test MCF￣7 cell proliferation by MTT essay.Hochest 33342 staining was used to detect the morphological change of apoptosic cells.Western blot analysis was applied to measure the level of cell apoptosis associated proteins,such as Caspase￣3,Caspase￣8 andCaspase￣9.The enzyme￣linked immunosorbent assay was used for detection the CAT and SOD levels in cell culture. ResultsMCF￣7 cell growth was inhibited by Furin inhibitor in a time and dose dependent manner.The results of Western blot and Hochest33342 staining indicated that MCF￣7 cells were apoptosis after Furin inhibitor treatment. The level of CAT was increasedsignificantly,associated with the level of SOD. Conclusion Furin inhibitor could induce MCF cell apoptosis, thereby inhibitcell proliferation by modulating MCF￣7 cell redox state.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify factors that predictive of quality of life after microsurgical removal of petroclival meningiomas.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A consecutive series of 71 cases of petroclival meningiomas received microsurgical removal between July 1991 and April 2010 were analyzed retrospectively. Quality of life was measured using Karnofsky performance scale (KPS). Complete pre-operative, post-operative and follow-up data were obtained from all 71 patients including 18 male and 53 female patients with the mean age of (47 ± 11) years (aging from 15 to 68 years). The duration between onset of symptoms and diagnosis ranged from 1 week to 180 months with the mean duration of (32 ± 30) months. And the tumor size was 15-72 mm with the average of (44 ± 11) mm. Main presentations included headache, unsteady gait, hemiparesis, dysphagia, hoarseness, facial numbness or pain, Bell's palsy, hearing impairment etc. The preoperative KPS was 40-100 with the average of 69 ± 11. The retrosigmoid (-transtentorial) approach was performed in most cases (91.5%). Intergroup χ² test and logistic regression analysis were conducted for prognostic factor characterization.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The gross total resection (all were Simpson gradeII) reached in 48 cases (67.6%) and 1 case died postoperatively. The main new neurological dysfunctions were cranial nerve paralysis and hemiplegia with the postoperative KPS of 20-100 with the average of 73 ± 16.Sixty-four cases were followed for 4-132 months with the average of (61 ± 48) months. Seven patients died during follow-up, tumor recurrence and progression were identified in 6 and 8 cases, respectively. The KPS at the last visit ranged from 50 to 100 with the average of 83 ± 13. The extent of tumor resection (OR = 0.280, 95% CI: 0.081-0.967, P = 0.044), preoperative brainstem edema (OR = 0.100, 95% CI: 0.027-0.372, P = 0.001), relationships between tumor and neurovascular structures (OR = 0.288, 95% CI: 0.084-0.985, P = 0.047) and depth of invasion into cavernous sinus (OR = 0.254, 95% CI: 0.061-1.057, P = 0.048) had significant correlations with the prognostic quality of life.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>With regard of the choice of surgical approaches, the extent of tumor resection, the protection of neurovascular structures surrounding the tumor and the management of perioperative period, the therapeutic strategies for each patient should be customized to achieve better prognosis.</p>