ABSTRACT
Aim Bupivacaine is a kind of long-acting amide local anesthetics.This paper aims to explore the effects of bupivacaine on the short-circuit currents in human alveolar epithelial monolayers and study the possible mechanisms.Methods Short-circuit currents were recorded by ussing-chamber setup.Amiloride-sensitive currents were defined as the difference be-tween the total current and the amiloride-resistant cur-rent.ERK1 /2 phosphorylation protein levels were ana-lyzed by Western blot at 0,1 5,30 and 60 min after administration of 1 00 μmol·L -1 bupivacaine.Results Bupivacaine could inhibit the short-circuit currents in H441 monolayers dose-dependently,which could be inhibited by amiloride.Western blot analysis showed that bupivacaine increased the level of ERK1 /2 phos-phorylation.Conclusion These data demonstrate that bupivacaine can reduce the alveolar ion transport by in-hibiting the amiloride-sensitive currents,possibly by the enhancement of ERK1 /2 phosphorylation. The effects of alveolar fluid clearance following application of bupivacaine should be considered clinically when the patient is complicated with lung injury.
ABSTRACT
【Objective】External fixation for supracondylar fracture of humerus is improved for the effective prevention of cubitus varus.【Methods】Sixty-eight patients with severe displaced supracondylar fracture of humerus was fixed by medial-lateral splint and elastic rubber ring,with elbow fixed in flexion and supination and near the chest by plaster support.【Results】 The results of follow-up showed that 68 patients were clinically cured,and the rate of cubitus varus was 2.9%,which was lower than that by other methods reported in domestic literatures.【Conclusion】This kind of fixation has the advantages of fixing the fracture firmly,keeping good para-position,preventing rotation displacement,counteracting gravitation-induced ulnar deviation and reducing the occurrence of cubitus varus.