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OBJECTIVE： To establish a method for the content determination of sinapine thiocyanate， quercetin and kaempferol in rat plasma， and to study pharmacokinetics of Qili qiangxin capsule in rats in vivo. METHODS： HPLC-MS/MS method was adopted. The determination was performed on ZOBRAX XDB-C18 column with mobile phase consisted of 0.1％ formic acid solution and acetonitrile containing 0.1％ formic acid （gradient elution） at the flow rate of 0.45 mL/min. The sample size was 10 μL. Quantitative ions were sinapine thiocyanate with m/z 310.2→251.2， quercetin with m/z 301.1→150.7， kaempferol with m/z 286.2→242.0， internal standard chloramphenicol with m/z 320.9→ 151.9. 0.083， 0.167， 0.333， 0.667， 1， 1.5， 2， 3， 4， 6， 8， 12， 24 h after intragastric administration of Qili qiangxin capsule 1.3 g/kg， blood samples were collected via intraocular canthal venous plexus of 6 rats. The blood concentrations of sinapine thiocyanate， quercetin and kaempferol were determined. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and fitted by using DAS 3.0 software. RESULTS： The linear range of sinapine thiocyanate， quercetin and kaempferol 0.05-100， 0.1-200， 0.1-200 ng/mL（r＝0.999 4， 0.999 7， 0.999 9）； RSDs of precision test and matrix effect were all less than or equal to 11.55％ （n＝6）， RE of stability test is less than or equal to 14.69％ （n＝3）. The pharmacokinetic parameter of sinapine thiocyanate， quercetin and kaempferol included that cmax were（1.35±0.62），（3.23±1.26），（5.27±1.66） ng/mL； tmax were （1.50±0.00）， （0.67±0.00）， （0.67±0.00） h； t1/2 were （3.98±0.99），（3.33±0.41），（4.54±0.85） h； CL were （3 683.82±987.96）， （2 852.33±695.88），（1 611.85±129.59） mL/（h·kg）； AUC0-24 h were （3.98±1.21）， （10.96±3.42）， （13.59±5.35） h·ng/mL. CONCLUSIONS： Established method is highly sensitive， specific and reproducible， and suitable for the pharmacokinetic study of sinapine thiocyanate， quercetin and kaempferol in rat.
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Objective To discuss Buyang-huanwu decoction preventing the formation of lower limb deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after major orthopedic surgery.Methods 60 patients were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group.The treatment group was treated with oral liquid of Buyang-huanwu,twice a day; while the control group was treated with 5000IU of low molecular heparin through subcutaneous injection,once daily.Prothrombin time (PT),activated partial thromboplatin time (APTT),fibrinogen (FIB),D-dimer,lower limb deep vein color B ultrasonic and the wound flow changes after 48 hours were observed at 1st,7th,and 14th day after medication.Results ①)Comparison on the incidence of DVT:The incidence of DVT in the treatment group was higher than the control group at 7th day after medication,this incidence turn to equal in the two groups at the 14th day after medication,while at the end of therapy,the incidence of DVT in the treatment group was lower than the control group with significant difference (P＜0.05).②Comparison on D-dimer changes:D-dimer at the 1st and 14th day were (0.782 ± 0.472) mg/1 and (0.320 ± 0.102) mg/1 in the treatment group and (0.720±0.421)mg/1 and (0.417 ± 0.217) mg/l in the control group.Comparing with the same group before treatment [the treatment group was(0.548±0.245)mg/1; the control group was (0.560±0.195) mg/l],D-dimer was increased at the 1 st day with obvious difference (P＜ 0.05),but reduced at the 14th day,without statistical difference (P＞0.05).Conclusion Buyang-huanwu decoction did not show good effects as low molecular heparin at the beginning of the treatment,but the its whole therapeutic effects and safety was better in treating lower limb deep vein thrombosis after major orthopedic surgery.
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Angelicae Sinensis Radix (ASR) is the root of Angelica sinensis which is a fragrant and perennial herb native to China,Japan,and Korea.In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM),the plant is useful for replenishing and invigorating blood,relieving pain,and moistening the intestines,resulting in its application for the treatment of menstrual disorders,and as an emollient and laxative for chronic constipation of the aged and debilitated.An in-depth review of the literature brings to light a great number of chemical constituents that have been isolated from ASR as well as both preclinical (in vivo and in vitro) and clinical studies,which over the years,have sought to investigate the medicinal relevance of some of these phytoconstituents and/or extract(s) prepared from ASR.The purpose of this review is therefore to present some major pharmacological and pharmacokinetic research findings on some selected phytoconstituents of ASR with emphasis on the current trends in terms of research techniques or design.This review would also provide a wealth of information for users/practitioners of TCM regarding the use of ASR or its products for maximum efficiency and minimal toxicity or side effects.
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At the boundary between pharmacognosy and molecular biology, molecular pharmacognosy has developed as a new borderline discipline. This paper reviews the methods, application, and prospect of molecular pharmacognosy. DNA marker is one of genetic markers and some molecular marker methods which have been successfully used for genetic diversity identification and new medicinal resources development. Recombinant DNA technology provides a powerful tool that enables scientists to engineer DNA sequences. Gene chip technique could be used in determination of gene expression profiles, analyses of polymorphisms, construction of genomic library, analysis of mapping, and sequencing by hybridization. Using the methods and theory of molecular biology and pharmacognosy, molecular pharmacognosy represents an extremely prospective branch of pharmacognosy and focuses on the study of systemic growth of medicinal plants, identification and evaluation of germplasm resources, plant metabolomics and production of active compounds. Furthermore, the great breakthrough of molecular pharmacognosy could be anticipated on DNA fingerprint analysis, cultivar improvement, DNA identification, and a global DNA barcoding system in the future.
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Eurycoma longifolia,also known as Tongkat Ali in Malaysia,as one of traditional herbal medicines,is used for centuries in South-East Asia.With the discovery of anticancer and anti-HIV properties,this herbal medicine has attracted great attention recently.In this review,the following information on E.longifolia,including chemistry,bioactivities,pharmacokinetics,clinical studies,and side effects and safety,was introduced.Our results,to a certain extent,will provide scientific base for commercial utilization and clearance of the Tongkat Ali products with regard to consumers' safety.
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Objective To control the quality of Evodia rutaecarpa better. Methods An HPLC-DAD-MS/MS method was established for the rapid and efficient identification of bioactive constituents and for simultaneous quantitative analysis of four bioactive ingredients including evodiamine, rutaecarpine, dehydroevodiamine, and evodin in E.rutaecarpa, which was applied to evaluating eight samples of E. rutaecarpa and its varieties from different areas.Results Thirteen potentially bioactive constituents including one flavonoid glycoside, one limonin, four indoloquinazoline alkaloids, and seven quinolone alkaloids were identified in all samples and the contents of dehydroevodiamine, evodine, evodiamine, and rutaecarpine varied widely from 0.10% to 0.51%, 0.49% to 3.12%,0.07% to 1.56%, and 0.10% to 0.69%, respectively. Conclusion This method is found to be convenient, fast,accurate, and it is facilitated to improve the quality control standard of E. rutaecarpa and related products.
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Objective Taking methyl nonyl ketone as index to establish pharmacokinetic compartment model for study volatile oil from the whole herb of Houttuynia cordata by pharmacokinetic parameters in rabbits in vivo. Methods Using GC to determine the blood concentrations of methyl nonyl ketone in the volatile oil from whole herbs of H. cordata in rabbit plasma. The GC system used a capillary SPB-5 column and helium as carrier gas; the initial temperature was at 90 ℃, then raised to 190 ℃ by 10 ℃/min and kept for 5 min; the injector temperature was 250 ℃ and the FID detector temperature was 300 ℃; the injection volume was 5.0 ?L with splitless injection mode; n-hexane was used as solvent and n-pentadecane as interior standard substance. The blood concentration value of methyl nonyl ketone was fitted with 3P97 procedure. Results A capillary GC method was established for the detemination of methyl nonyl ketone in the volatile oil from whole herbs of H. cordata in rabbit plasma. Methyl nonyl ketone linearity was good (r=0.987 0) within 0.04—60.0 ?g/mL.The blood concentration-time course of precision in rabbit plasma conformed to two compartment model. Conclusion The experiment provides pharmacokinetic evidence for the rational administration and the further development of H. cordata and some methods for pharmacokinetic study of volatile oils from traditional Chinese medicinal materials.