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Inflammation response is the most crucial link in the pathogeneses of spinal cord injury (SCI),and is the basis of secondary damage. NF-κB Signalling pathway is activated excessively after SCI,so that numerous NF-κB possessing biological activities is quickly translocated into the nuclear and regulates the target genes,resulting in heightened inflammation and further tissue damage. Suppressing NF-κB signalling pathway and controlling inflammation response effectively are effective approaches to promoting SCI repair. It is found that curcumin has multiple target molecules to suppress NF-κB signalling pathway,block the excessive activation of NF-κB and reduce the expression of proinflammation cytokines,which plays an important role in SCI repair. This article discusses NF-κB signalling pathway,the contribution of NF-κB signalling pathway to SCI and the role of curcumins inhibition of NF-κB signalling pathway in SCI.
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Medical cell biology is an important basic medical course. Owing to its complex and esoteric knowledge and few lessons, there is a dilemma of teaching and learning. From learning situation analysis, the course team building programs, operation and management of the program, learning evaluation program, the author has conducted exploration and preliminarily proved that the medical cell biology curriculum team learning is conducive to the cultivation of students ' innovation ability and the team cooperation spirit as well as improvement of students ' learning interest, which is worthy of application and promotion.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the distribution patterns of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and synaptophysin (SYN) during the development of human fetal stomach.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixteen specimens of human fetal (gestational age 2 to 4 months) gastric tissues were examined with immunohistochemistry for detecting the distribution of NSE and SYN expressions in the gastric walls.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During the second to fourth gestational months, NSE was strongly expressed in the nerve cells and nerve fibers of the myenteric nerve plexus of human fetal stomach. As the gestational age increased, the numbers of NSE positive cells and fibers increased gradually in the gastric submucosa, but NSE was negative in the gastric mucosa. At the second gestational month, SYN expression was negative in the mucosa but positive in the myenteric nerve plexus; during the third to fourth months, positive SYN expression was found in the mucosa, submucosa and myenteric nerve plexus of the embryonic gastric walls and its expression intensity increased with the gestational age.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SYN and NSE are both involved in the regulation of the nervous system in the gastric wall but their expressions and distributions follow different patterns during the development of human fetal stomach.</p>
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Humans , Fetus , Metabolism , Gastric Mucosa , Metabolism , Gestational Age , Immunohistochemistry , Myenteric Plexus , Nerve Fibers , Metabolism , Neurons , Metabolism , Phosphopyruvate Hydratase , Metabolism , Stomach , Metabolism , Synaptophysin , MetabolismABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the neurofilament protein (NF) and synaptophysin(SYN) distribution in the developing stage of human embryonic spinal cord and their clinical significance . Methods Totally 16 of human embryos, aged from 2 to 4 months were used in this study .Immunohistochemical staining was uesd to detect the expression and distribution of NF and SYN in the spinal cord .Results At the second month stage , NF expression was weakly positive in only the marginal layer on both sides of the spinal cord .At 3-4 months, NF expression was positive or strong positive in the spinal cord center crack before and after the middle of partition and cortex .In the ependymal layer of the lateral part of the expression of NF positive nerve fibers were seen in the gray matter .From 2 to 4 month-age, all visible SYN positive expressions distributed in the spinal cord .With the increase of gestational age , SYN positive expression in the spinal cord staining intensity value was increased first , and then decreased .The number of positive values increased month by month . Conclusion NF and SYN both take part in the regulation of human embryonic spinal cord tissue growth .
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the role of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) and nestin in the development of tongue muscles of human embryos and fetuses.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>PV immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of MAP-2 and nestin proteins in the tongue tissues of human embryos and fetuses at the second, third and fourth months of gestation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>MAP-2 and nestin positivity was detected in the tongue muscles of human embryos at 2 to 4 months of gestation. In the embryos at the second month of gestation, no obvious MAP-2 positive cells were found in the tongue muscles; at 3 and 4 months, the number of MAP-2-positive cells in the tongue muscles was 24.14∓8.28 and 15.86∓3.89, with the expression intensity of 109.42∓11.62 and 124.27∓8.73, respectively. At 2, 3 and 4 months of gestation, the number of nestin-positive cells in the tongue muscles was 12.50∓3.17, 19.00∓7.63, and 22.80∓6.91, with expression intensity of 119.99∓24.02, 102.20∓11.76, and 98.24∓10.66, respectively. As the gestational age increased, the number of MAP-2-positive cell number continued to decline following a transient increase but the expression intensity kept increasing; nestin-positive cells increased continuously but the expression intensity kept decreasing in the embryonic or fetal tongue muscles.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MAP-2 and nestin proteins are involved in the regulation of the development of tongue muscles in human embryos and fetuses.</p>
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Humans , Fetus , Metabolism , Microtubule-Associated Proteins , Metabolism , Nestin , Metabolism , Tongue , Embryology , MetabolismABSTRACT
10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.24.024
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) and nestin in gastric development in human embryos and fetuses.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of MAP-2 and nestin proteins in the gastric cardia, pyloric and gastric tissues of human embryos and fetuses during the second, third and fourth month of development.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the second to fourth months of gestation, MAP-2 and nestin expressions were detected in the neural cells and neural fibers of the intermuscular nerve plexus and submucosal plexus in the gastric cardia, pyloric and gastric tissues. As the gestational age increased, the number of MAP-2- and nestin-positive cells and the expression intensity all increased in the myenteric plexus, but MAP-2 and nestin expressions were negative in the glandular and mucosal tissues of human embryonic and fetal gastric cardia, pylorus or gastric walls.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MAP-2 and nestin participate in the regulation of the development of gastric tissues in human embryos.</p>
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Humans , Fetus , Metabolism , Intermediate Filament Proteins , Metabolism , Microtubule-Associated Proteins , Metabolism , Nerve Tissue Proteins , Metabolism , Nestin , Stomach , Embryology , MetabolismABSTRACT
The development of heart is an accurate, coordinated process including primordial cardiac cell differentiation, migration, and multi-cell combination. This process is accompanied by cell apoptosis, and by a series of gene regulation. If gene gets out of regulation, abnormal cell apoptosis will occur, which will lead to abnormal development of embryonic heart, or even malformation. By studying gene expression on apoptosis, we investigated the relationship between apoptosis and embryonic heart development, clarified the relevant mechanism for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of heart diseases.
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Humans , Apoptosis , Genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental , Heart , EmbryologyABSTRACT
This paper summarize the perioperative nursing of 11 patients with vaginal reconstruction using autologous buccal micro-mucosa. The preoperatively psychological nursing,meticulous specialist care and oral care,as well as postoperatively diet instruction,oral care,vaginal care,and serf-care instruction before discharge are the key points to reduce postoperative compli-cations and increase the success rate of surgery.
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Objective To explore the protective affect of individual earmuffs in microtia reconstruction using tissue expander.Methods 95 patients performed the implantation of tissue expander had been grouped into the experimental group(49 cases)and the control group(46 cases).Patients in the experimental group wore individual earmuffs,whereas patients in the control group wore traditional earmuffs.The survey including the information of patients' experience in wearing the earmuffs was carried out on the day when patients were given auricular reconstruction.Data collected from the two groups were analyzed to evaluate the aspects of permeability and safety.Results Patients in the experimental group complained less discomfort in sultry in permeability and tinnitus than patients in the control group.From the perspective of safety,there was no complaints of mosquitoes climbing into the earmuffs from the two groups.Because of the good adhesiveness of the individual earmuffs to the skin,the incidence of redness of skin in the experimen tal group was significantly lower than that in the control group.Conclusions Individual earmuff is a safe and comfortable nursing appliance which is practical for clinical application because of its good permeability,adhesiveness and less incidence of redness of skin.
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Respiration is one of the most important modulators of heart rate variability(HRV). The modulation mechanism of respiration on HRV were introduced. The effects of respiratory rate, respiratory volume and respiratory patterns on HRV were discussed, and these effects on HRV in patients were also referred. These respiratory effects should be taken into account when HRV is used to predict cardiac vulnerability.
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Objective To explore the role of cell proliferation and apoptosis, and the expression significance of involved protein as Bcl-2(B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2) and Bax (Bcl-associate X protein) in the developing small intestine of human fetus. Methods The expression product of Bcl-2 and Bax was investigated with immunohistochemical methods in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th months of gestation respectively. Results In the second, the third and the fourth month of gestation, the Bcl-2 immunoreactive positive signals were found in the ganglion cells of intermuscular and submucous nerve plexus. Bax positive cells were observed in the cytoplasm of the simple columnar epithelium cells of the small intestinal mucous layer.Conclusion Bcl-2 and Bax proteins regulate the developing small intestine of human fetus.
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To improve the CT diagnosis of cerebral angioreticuloma, 3 cases of pathologically proven cerebral angioreticuloma were reviewed. The results showed that the image of CT of the first case revealed an irregular, parenchymatous mass located in the right temporallobe and middle cranial fossa.In the second patient,the image showed a annular mass with cystic consistency,surrounded by an area of edema, situated in the right frontal lobe,while in the third patient there was an irregular high density mass with an area of edema lying in the left frontal lobe and along the middle line. Pathological diagnosis of the first patient was mixed angioreticuloma and glioblastoma, and that of the others were angioreticulomas. the results suggested that if the mass in the cerebrum was obviously enhanced in CT, the diagnosis of angioreticuloma should be considered.
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AIM:To explore the preventing effect of citalopram on neuro-cell apoptosis caused by long-term stress in CA1 and CA3 region of hippocampus.METHODS:Forty male Sprague Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into five groups including blank group,control group(the control group was filled the stomade by 0.9% saline)and three experimental groups(intragastric administration of citalopram hydrobromide at doses of 8 mg?kg-1?d-1,4 mg?kg-1?d-1,1 mg?kg-1?d-1,respectively).Rat stress model was made by compulsory swimming everyday for 4 weeks.Cell apoptosis in CA1 and CA3 region of hippocampus was observed by HE staining method.Apoptotic cell numbers and integral optical density in CA1 and CA3 region were tested and analyzed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL)method and Norton Internet Security BR(NIS BR)software.t-test was applied to compare apoptosis cell numbers and integral optical density.RESULTS:Control rats showed more static time and less struggling times.Conversely,static time was shorter and rats spent more time after exhaustive exercise,and more struggling times in the experimental group.Rats in control group showed more positive cells in CA1 and CA3 regions and higher integral optical density in CA3 region than those in blank group.Rats in experimental groups showed fewer positive cells in CA1 and CA3 regions.Rats in experimental group 1 and group 3 showed higher integral optical density in CA1 and CA3 regions than that in control group.CONCLUSION:Long-term stress might cause neuro-cell apoptosis in CA1 and CA3 region of hippocampus.Citalopram might have prophylactic effect on apoptosis caused by long-term stress in CA1 and CA3 region,and the prophylactic effect might not be influenced by citalopram.Our study suggests that the treatment mechanism of citalopram in neural and mental illness by long-term stress may involve in a major role by antagonizing neuronal apoptosis in both the CA1 and CA3.
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OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the bioequivalence of compound fluamine tablets with commercial fluamine tablets and glibenclamide tablets(R).METHODS:HPLC method was used to determine the plasma drug time-concentrations of flu?amine and glibenclamide separately.The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and analysed with variance and two-one side t-test.RESULTS:The T 1/2 ,T max ,C max and AUC 0～24 for fluamine of test and reference formulation were(7.969?0.713)h and(8.103?0.596)h;(1.889?0.214)h and(1.876?0.207)h;(2.001?0.368)?g/ml and(1.962?0.416)?g/ml;(10.706?1.424)(?g?h)/ml and(10.624?1.317)(?g?h)/ml respectively.F was(100.97?7.73)%.The T 1/2 ,T max ,and AUC 0～24 for glibenclamide of test and reference formulation were(6.536?0.890)h and(6.629?0.563)h;(4.038?0.309)h and(4.056?0.338)h;(98.026?22.790)ng/ml and(97.507?20.529)ng/ml;(510.702?135.818)(ng?h)/ml and(499.452?111.328)(ng?h)/ml,respectively,and F was(102.066?12.405)%.CONCLUSION:The statistical analysis showed that com?pound fluamine tablets and commercial fluamine tablets and glibenclamide tablets were bioequivalent.
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Objective To study the expressions of Connexin43 (Cx43) and B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (Bcl-2) proteins in the ventricular myocardium of human fetus,and explore the correlation between the expression of the two proteins and the development of fetus myocardium.MethodsThe expressions of Cx43 and Bcl-2 protein in the ventricular myocardium of human embryos were immunohistochemically detected in the second,third and fourth month of gestation,respectively,by strepto-avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (SABC) and avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) technics.ResultsThe positive expression of Bcl-2 protein was detected in one or two cells in the ventricular myocardium of human embryos in the second month of gestation.With the advancement of fetal age,the number of Bcl-2 positive cells increased gradually and distributed in clusters in the ventricular myocardium of human fetus in the fourth month of gestation.The cells with positive expression of Cx43 protein were detected and scattered in dots-like structure in the cytoplasm of myocardial cells in the ventricular myocardium of human embryos in the second month of gestation.With the advancement of fetal age,the distributing region of Cx43 protein extended gradually,and the Cx43 protein positively expressed in the membranes between ventricular myocardial cells.The positively expressed Cx43 protein showed a diffused distribution in a sheet form in the ventricular wall of human fetus in the fourth month of gestation.ConclusionCx43 and Bcl-2 proteins participate in the early growth and development of the ventricular myocardial cells of human fetus.
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Objective To explore the regularity of cell apoptosis in the early development of human embryonic spinal cord tissue. Methods The apoptotic cells in the spinal cord tissue of human embryos were stained in the second, third and fourth month of gestation by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method, and the integral optical density (IOD) was analyzed with Nikon imaging system (NIS-DR). One-Way ANOVA was applied to compare these IODs. Results The positive expression of cells apoptosis was detected in the central canal, anterior horn and posterior horn of human embryonic spinal cord in the second, third and fourth month of gestation. The IOD values of apoptotic cells at the 3 time points were 134.9954?10.53257, 149.0331?5.66187 and 140.7892?7.65320, respectively. The IOD value of apoptotic cells of human embryonic spinal cord at the third month of fetal age was higher than that of the second and the fourth month of fetal age, and the IOD value at the fourth month of fetal age was higher than that of the second month of fetal age. With the advancement of fetal age, the expressions of IOD of apoptotic cells showed an up then down trend. One-Way ANOVA was employed to compare the IOD values of the apoptotic cells detected in the 3 fetal periods, and the results showed significant difference (P
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Objective To explore the rule of distribution and the expression significance of neuronal nitric oxide synthase(nNOS),paired box 3(Pax3) and connexin 43(Cx43) proteins in the early developing spinal cord of human embryos. Methods During the 5th to 16th weeks of human gestation,the expression productions of nNOS,Pax3 and Cx43 proteins were investigated in the anterior horn of spinal cord using the immunohistochemical methods. Results During the 5th to 16th weeks of human gestation,the immunohistochemical staining intensities of both nNOS and Pax3 in the anterior horn neurons of spinal cord increased from weakly to strongly positive staining.During the 5th to 12th weeks of human gestation,the immunohistochemical negative staining of Cx43 protein was observed in the anterior horn neurons of spinal cord,while the positive staining was observed from the 13th to 16th weeks.Conclusion nNOS,Pax3 and Cx43 proteins are related to the growth and development of spinal cord in human embryos.
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Objective To explore the rule of cell proliferation,apoptosis and expression significance of involved proteins as Bcl-2 and Bax in the developing esophagus of human fetus. Methods In the second through the fourth month of gestation,the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins were observed in 14 human esophagus using the ABC of immunohistochemical methods. Results In the second,the third and the fourth months of gestation,there were Bcl-2 positive cells distributed in the intermuscular and submucous nerve plexus,and the mucous epithelial cells in the human esophagus.Bax weakly positive cells were observed in the mucous epithelial cells of the human esophagus.Conclusion Bcl-2 and Bax proteins are closely related with the developing esophagus of human embryo.