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Objective:To observe any effect of electroacupuncture on the expression of L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) in mice modeling Alzheimer′s disease (AD) and also any effect on learning and memory.Methods:Thirty male APP/PS1 mice were randomly divided into a model group, an electroacupuncture (EA) group, and a no acupuncture (NA) group, each of 10. All the animals were modeled as AD. Ten C57BL/6 mice served as a control group. The mice in the EA and NA groups were given continuous 50Hz EA at a current intensity of 1mA at and near the Baihui (GV20) and Shenshu (BL23) acupoints, respectively, once a day for 14 days, while the other two groups were not given any EA. The mice in the model and control groups continued to be routinely fed without any special treatment such as electroacupuncture. After the intervention, any behavioral changes were evaluated by using a Morris Water Maze, and the expression of L1CAM, PTEN and p53 protein in the hippocampus of each group was detected using western blotting.Results:Compared with the control group, the escape latency in positioning navigation experiments was significantly longer in the model group on the first 5 days of Morris Water Maze testing. Compared with the model group, the escape latency was significantly shorter in the EA group on days 2 to 5 of the Morris Water Maze testing, and the expression of L1CAM had increased significantly in the electroacupuncture group compared with the model group while PTEN and p53 expression had decreased significantly. The average escape latency of the NA group was significantly longer than that of the model group on days 2 to 5 of the Morris Water Maze testing. The average L1CAM expression in the NA group had decreased significantly, and the expression of PTEN and p53 protein had increased significantly more than in the EA group. The escape latency was negatively correlated with L1CAM expression but positively correlated with p53 protein and PTEN expression.Conclusion:L1CAM is involved in learning and memory processes, at least in mice. Electroacupuncture can improve the learning and memory of mice modeling Alzheimer′s, which may be due to its promoting the expression of L1CAM and inhibiting the expression of PTEN and p53.
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Objective To investigate the incidence of fatigue in maintenance hemodialysis(MHD)patients and its related factors.Methods A total of 289 patients on MHD between January 2016 and March 2017 in hemodialysis centers of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University,Xinjiang Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture Friendship Hospital,and Yili Prefecture Hospital were enrolled.Internationally standard fatigue rating scale(FAI)was applied to assess the incidence of fatigue in MHD patients,and subjective comprehensive nutrition assessment(SGA)protein energy wasting rating scale was used to assess protein energy wasting(PEW)conditions.All patients were divided into the fatigue group and the non-fatigue group according to the FAI score.The clinical data and the blood biochemical indicators in two groups were compared.The risk factors of fatigue in MHD patients were analyzed by logistic regression method.Results The incidence of fatigue was 83.0％in MHD patients,and the rate of PEW was 62.6％.Blood total cholesterol in the fatigue group was lower than that of the non-fatigue group(P ＜ 0.05).The difference between SGA scores of two groups had statistical significance(P ＜ 0.001).Single factor logistic regression analysis results showed that higher SGA score(OR=1.312,95％CI:1.163-1.481,P ＜ 0.001),lower blood total cholesterol(OR=0.661,95％CI:0.496-0.880,P=0.005)were risk factors of fatigue in MHD patients.Multivariable logistic regression analysis results showed that higher SGA score(OR=5.286,95％CI:2.078-13.442,P ＜ 0.001)was an independent risk factor of fatigue in MHD patients.Conclusions The incidence of fatigue and PEW are high in MHD patients.PEW is an independent risk factor of fatigue in MHD patients.
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Objective To investigate the feasibility of contrast-enhanced CT with low tube voltage using iterative model reconstruction (IMR) technique.Methods Sixty patients were randomly assigned into 2 groups (group A and group B, 30 each) according to random number table.All patients underwent contrast-enhanced hepatic CT.Group A was scanned with 100 kV at arterial phase(AP) and 120 kV at portal vein phase (PVP), while group B was scanned with 120 kV at AP and 100 kV at PVP.All protocols were performed at the same tube current of 250 mAs.Raw data were reconstructed with IMR for AP images in group A and PVP images in group B;and reconstructed with FBP for AP images in group B and PVP images in group A.Images of 4 different groups were obtained: A1(AP,100 kV,IMR) , B1(AP,120 kV, FBP), A2(PVP, 120 kV,FBP) and B2(PVP, 100 kV, IMR).Subjective evaluation indexes for image quality including low-contrast detectability, lesion edge sharpness, image distortion and diagnostic confidence.Objective evaluation indexes included CT attenuation of hepatic parenchyma, image noise, SNR and CNR, which were assessed and compared between groups A1 and B1, groups A2 and B2.Effective radiation doses were calculated.Results Effective dose in group A1 was reduced 35.1％ compared toB1 (t=ll.05, P＜0.01), while a reduction of 37.7％ in group B2 compared to A2 (t=11.64,P ＜ 0.01).Subjective image quality score of low-contrast detectability and lesion edge sharpness were significantly higher in group A1 compared to B1 (Z =6.391, 3.200, P ＜ 0.01), as well as in group B2 compared to A2 (Z =6.559, 3.409, P ＜ 0.01).No differences were found in image distortion and diagnostic confidence between groups A1 and B1, groups A2 and B2, respectively (P ＞ 0.05).Significantly lower image noise and higher SNR/CNR were found in group A1 compared to group B1 (t =12.889, 15.458, 1.325, P ＜ 0.01) , as well as in group B2 compared to group A2(t =15.163, 15.308, 3.136, P ＜0.01).Conclusions Significant radiation dose reduction and image quality improvement in contrast-enhanced hepatic CT can be reached by using low tube voltage protocol combining with IMR technique.
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Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of multi-slice spiral CT for non-angle caused nutcracker syndrome(NCS). Methods A total of 177 cases of clinical suspected nutcracker syndrome patients recevied multi-slice spiral CT examination,,inclu-ding 33 patients with negative results,144 cases patients with positive results.The analysis was performed by measuring the angle between superior mesenteric artery(SMA)and the abdominal aorta(AA),and the ratio of the diameter of the narrowest and expan-sion in the left renal vein.Results Within 33 cases of nutcracker-negative patients,the angle of SMA and AA was (46.06 ± 24.46)°;the ratio was (2.11±0.76).144 cases was diagnosed as nutcracker-positive patients,the angle of SMA and AA was (23. 10±9.63)°;the ratio was (3.83±1.24).There was positive correlation between angle and ratio in NCS (P<0.0001).Among9 ca-ses of nutcracker syndrome caused by non-angle factors three were oppressed by the uncinate process pancreas,two cases were caused by the malformations of the left renal vein,one case was posterior nutcracker syndrome,one case was oppressed by portal veinOne case of pressured renal vein due to tortuosity renal vein coiled renal artery.One case of the left renal vein compression lumen narrowing,causing significant downward pressure on the left renal vein.Conclusion Spiral CT angiography reconstruction can clear-ly show the cause and the location of the left renal vein compression,which may provide helpful information in diagnosing nutcracker syndrome caused by non-angle factors.
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Objective To analyze the CT findings of heterotopic pancreas and the correlation with pathologic changes.Methods CT findings in 1 9 patients with heterotopic pancreas proven by surgery were reviewed retrospectively,14 of whom were scanned with enhanced CT.The correlation of CT findings and pathologic results were also analyzed.Results All patients had a single lesion with sized range from 0.8 to 4.7 cm and mean diameter of (2.2±0.6)cm.All lesions with homogeneous density were showed on plain scans including 7 lesions in stomach,8 in duodenum,2 in jejunum,1 in ileum and 1 beside the cardiac lymph nodes.The border of the lesions in 5 was unclear with exudative changes,mimicking acute pancreatitis.A sign of central umbilical concave was found in 2.Pathological results confirmed 14 lesions in submucosa,3 in muscular layer,1 in serosal layer and 1 in abdominal cavity.Hetero-topic pancreas presented early obvious enhancement in 9,mimicking normal pancreas,which was composed chiefly of pancreatic aci-ni.The enhanced degree of 4 lesions was lower than normal pancreas,which were composed of pancreas ductal epithelium and few pancreatic acini.No significantly enhancement was seen in 1,mimicing liomyoma,which was composed chiefly of pancreas ductal epithelium and smooth muscle hyperplasia.Conclusion Heterotopic pancreas in most cases presents characteristic submucosal disea-ses-like pattern,and different enhanced patterns of heterotopic pancreas are related with the pathologic changes.
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Objective To evaluate the value of MSCT in the diagnosis of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.Methods The MSCT appearances of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma confirmed by pathology in 27 cases were analyzed retrospectively.Among them,20 patients underwent plain and four-phase dynamic contrast-enhanced CT scans including early arterial phase,late arterial phase,portal phase and delay phase,7 patients only underwent contrast-enhanced CT scans.Results 15 lesions were located in the hilar and 12 lesions were located in the common bile duct.CT features of cholangiocarcinomas in this group were varied with its position and growth pattern.Besides the direct sign such as delay enhancement,the indirect findings were also specific such as hepatic lobe atrophy,dilated bile duct,etc.Conclusion MSCT is of great value in diagnosis of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
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Osteoporosis is a common disease in the elderly. As studies on its causation and pathogenic mechanism deepened in recent years,there appeared many anti-osteoporotics and many of them had been widely used in clinic. However,none of them was found to be able to completely replace other drugs to achieve satisfactory effect in clinical applications. They all have certain defects. In this paper,three types of drugs including bone resorption inhibitors,bone mineralizers and bone formation accelerators,were analyzed in terms of their mechanisms of action,advances in clinical application as well as their side effects,so as to guide the clinical choice and combination of drugs targeted to avoid serious side effects and to seek for the direction of further study.
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Objective To investigate CT findings in gastric stromal tumors(GST).Methods Both plain and enhanced spiral CT findings in 46 cases with gastric stromal tumor were retrospectively analyzed.In all patients,diagnosis was confirmed with immunohistochemical markers.CT features were retrospectively studied and summarized.Statistical analysis of the shape,growth pattern,necrosis and enhancement patterns was performed with X2 test in 43 cases with single gastric stromal tumor.Results Of the 46 GST patients,43 patients had single GST and multiple GST was detected in 3 cases.In the 43 cases with single GST,tumors were found in the gastric body in 24 cases,gastric fundus in 16 cases,and in the gastric antrum in 3 cases.GST mostly grow along the vertical plane of gastric wall,with a large size but local attachment.The tumor size was less than 5era in diameter in 14 cases.Of them,ten cases had a regular shape,10 cases showed homogeneous enhancement,and 4 cases exhibited central necrosis,7 tumors showed intra-luminal growth and 5 tumors showed extra-luminal growth,while the other 2 cases involved both intra and extra lumina.Twenty-nine cases had tumors larger than 5cm in diameter.Of them,24 cases had irregular shape,27 cases showed inhomogeneous enhancement,24 cases had central necrosis,5 tumors showed intra-luminal growth and 9 tumors showed extra-luminal growth,while 15 cases involved both intra and extra lumina.The tumor size of GST closely was related to the shape,growth pattern,necrosis and the inhomogeneous enhancement patterns of the GST(P<0.05).The enhancement of the tumor was more intense in venous phase and delayed phase.Five cases showed septal enhancement,4 tumors exhibited marked enhancement in arterial phase with up to 60 HU.Conclusions CT can precisely display the location,shape and size of gastric stromal tumors.It is very helpful to provide useful information for early diagnosis and evaluation.
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Purpose To evaluate the clinical safety of ionic contrast media made in china and compare with nonionic contrast media being imported. Methods Among contrast-enhanced CT 1096 cases, 76% meglumine diatrizoate were administed in 864 cases and ultravist in 232 cases , comparative studies on adverse drug reactions(ADRs) and image quality were performed. Results In 76% meglumine diatrizoate group , the prevalence of overall and mild -middle ADRs was higher than in the ultravist group , the prevalence of severe and potentially life-threatening ADRs was approximate in the ultravist group , the image quality was well than in the ultravist group.Preventive inoculation alleviated ADRs at all levels. Conclusion Ionic contrast media made in china was safe and effective in patients without hyperthyroidism after preventive inoculation.
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0.05).The complications of PICC included phlebitis,catheter occulusion,infection,malposition of catheter,but no pneumothorax or hemopneumothorax occured .Group PICC had higher phlebitis than that in group CVC(P
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Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of TNM staging of gastric carcinoma with triphase incremental helical CT.Methods Triphase incremental helical CT of the stomach with water-filling method were performed in 101 patients with gastric carcinoma.Results (1)The accuracy of T-staging,N-staging and TNM staging was 81.8%,72.9% and 80.2% respectively.(2)Demonstrating multilayered structure of the normal gastric wall in the arterial parenchymal-phase was advantageous to improve the accuracy of estimating the depth of tumor invasion (?