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The genomic DNA of Rubus rosaefolius was extracted and sequenced by Illumina NovaSeq platform to obtain the complete chloroplast genome sequence, and the sequence characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast genes were carried out. The results showed that the complete chloroplast genome of the R. rosaefolius was 155 650 bp in length and had a typical tetrad structure, including two reverse repeats (25 748 bp each), a large copy region (85 443 bp) and a small copy region (18 711 bp). A total of 131 genes were identified in the whole genome of R. rosaefolius chloroplast, including 86 protein coding genes, 37 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes. The GC content of the whole genome was 36.9%. The genome of R. rosaefolius chloroplast contains 47 scattered repeats and 72 simple sequence repeating (SSR) loci. The codon preference is leucine codon, and the codon at the end of A/U is preferred. Phylogenetic analysis showed that R. rosaefolius had the closest relationship with R. taiwanicola, followed by R. rubraangustifolius and R. glandulosopunctatus. The chloroplast genome characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of R. rosaefolius provide a theoretical basis for its genetic diversity research and chloroplast development and utilization.
Subject(s)
Phylogeny , Rubus/genetics , Genome, Chloroplast , Fruit/genetics , Codon/geneticsABSTRACT
Pellionia scabra belongs to the genus Pellionia in the family of Urticaceae, and is a high-quality wild vegetables with high nutritional value. In this study, high-throughput techniques were used to sequence, assemble and annotate the chloroplast genome. We also analyzed its structure, and construct the phylogenetic trees from the P. scabra to further study the chloroplast genome characteristics. The results showed that the chloroplast genome size was 153 220 bp, and the GC content was 36.4%, which belonged to the typical tetrad structure in P. scabra. The chloroplast genome encodes 130 genes, including 85 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes in P. scabra. Among them, 15 genes contained 1 intron, 2 genes contained 2 introns, and rps12 had trans-splicing, respectively. In P. scabra, chloroplast genomes could be divided into four categories, including 43 photosynthesis, 64 self-replication, other 7 coding proteins, and 4 unknown functions. A total of 51 073 codons were detected in the chloroplast genome, among which the codon encoding leucine (Leu) accounted for the largest proportion, and the codon preferred to use A and U bases. There were 72 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in the chloroplast genome of P. scabra, containing 58 single nucleotides, 12 dinucleotides, 1 trinucleotide, and 1 tetranucleotide. The ycf1 gene expansion was present at the IRb/SSC boundary. The phylogenetic trees showed that P. scabra (OL800583) was most closely related to Elatostema stewardii (MZ292972), Elatostema dissectum (MK227819) and Elatostema laevissimum var. laevissimum (MN189961). Taken together, our results provide worthwhile information for understanding the identification, genetic evolution, and genomics research of P. scabra species.
Subject(s)
Phylogeny , Genome, Chloroplast/genetics , Genomics , Chloroplasts/genetics , Codon , Urticaceae/geneticsABSTRACT
Parkinson's drug-induced dyskinesia is a common complication after levodopa treatment,and its clinical manifestations are complex.A case of Parkinson's L-dopa-induced dyskinesia misdiagnosed as epilepsy in our hospital is reported.The patient,a 69-year-old male,was hospitalized on May 2,2018 due to "15 years of retardation,recurrent limb twitching with breathing for more than 6 months,sudden loss of consciousess for 10 minutes".The patient took madopar for a long time and had obvious drug complications.In July 2017,the use of rasagiline improved manifestations slightly.In November 2017,repeated limb twitches began to occur.The onset time ranged from several minutes to one hour,and there was a gradual occurrence of twitching accompanied by obvious breathing.On May 1,2018,the patient was sent to our hospital for emergency treatment after limb twitching again.Due to the long-term history of hormone use,and tranquilizers and antiepileptic drugs were used to control the condition of the patient,the patient was misdiagnosed as epilepsy at first.With the adjustment of drugs and the change of condition,the patient was finally diagnosed as Parkinson's L-dopa-induced dyskinesia.The clinical manifestations of the disease include peak dyskinesia,bipolar dyskinesia and dystonia.The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease is not completely clear and its clinical manifestations are diverse.However,there are few reports of Parkinson's disease,whose manifestation is loss of consciousness due to paroxysmal breath holding and hypoxemia.Therefore,in order to diagnose epilepsy in patients with Parkinson's disease,the possibility of dyskinesia should be excluded first.Therefore,the rational use of drugs is particularly important in the middle and late period of Parkinson's disease.
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Objective To investigate the effect of ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block (QLB) on postoperative analgesia after caesarean section.Methods Sixty parturientsscheduled for cesarean section, aged 20-40 years, ASA physical status Ⅰ orⅡ, were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 30 each) using a random number table:QLB group (group Q) and control group (group C).Parturients in group Q received bilateral QLB with the use of 20 ml 0.33％ ropivacaine per side after surgery, while QLB was not done in group C.Both groups received patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) after surgery which contains 800 mg tramadol, 40 mg nefopam and 80 ml normal saline.The accumulative consumption of tramadol, the score of numerical rating scale (NRS) for pain at rest and on movement and the bruggrmann comfort scale (BCS) score were recorded at 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 hafter operation.The cutaneous sensory block area was determined in group Q at 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 hafter operation.The patient′s satisfaction with postoperative analgesia and adverse reactions were also recorded.Results The consumption of tramadol in group Q was significantly decreased compared with that in group C (P<0.05) at 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 hafter surgery.NRS for pain at rest at all times, NRS for pain when cough at 12, 24 hafter surgery and NRS for pain when turning over at 4, 48 hafter surgery were significantly lower, while the BCS score was higher in group Q than that in group C (P<0.05).Quadratus lumborum block affected T7-L1 dermatomes at 4, 8, 12 hafter surgery and T8-L1 dermatomes at 24 hafter surgery.The analgesic plane of quadratus lumborum block disappeared at 48 hours after operation.The patient's satisfaction with postoperative analgesia was higher in group Q compared with that in group C (P<0.05).The incidence of postoperative nausea, vomiting and dizziness was similar between the two groups.Conclusion Ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block can remarkably reduce the consumption of tramadol after caesarean section, lower the postoperative pain score, improve the patient′s comfort and satisfaction.
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OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Ligustrazine injection,α-ketoacid combined with levam-lodipine in the treatment of chronic renal failure. METHODS:92 patients with chronic renal failure were randomly divided into ob-servation group(46 cases)and control group(46 cases). All patients received electrolyte,vitamins and essential amino acid,low salt,low fat,hypoglycemic and hypolipemic,anti-infection,correcting anemia and other conventional symptomatic treatment. Based on it,control group received 8 Compound α-ketoacid tablets,3 times a day + 1 Benzenesulfonic acid levamlodipine tablet, once a day. Observation group additionally received 150 mg Ligustrazine hydrochloride injection,adding into 250 ml 5% Glucose injection,intravenous infusion,once a day. The treatment course for both groups was 3 months. Clinical efficacy,and urea nitro-gen (BUN),serum creatinine (Scr),serum cystatin (CysC),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG) levels before and after treatment and the incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups were observed. RE-SULTS:The total effective rate in observation group was significantly higher than control group,the difference was statistically sig-nificant(P0.05). After treatment,BUN,Scr,LDL-C,TC and TG in 2 groups were significantly lower than before,and obser-vation group was lower than control group,CysC was significantly higher than before,and observation group was higher than con-trol group,the differences were statistically significant (P0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Based on conventional treatment,Ligustrazine injection,α-ketoacid combined with le-vamlodipine show obvious efficacy in the treatment of chronic renal failure,they can improve the renal functions,with good safety.
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Animal medicine is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine with a long application history in China. Systematically understanding the history of the development of animal medicine is of great significance to scientific protection and rational use of animal medicine resources. It has certain guiding significance to protection of wild resources, exploitation of new substitutes, standardization and summary of artificial breeding, and artificial reproduction technology. Taking the development of bezoar as an example, this article expounded the following four aspects:the development history of animal medicine, national animal protection, technical development, and prospect forecast by summarizing the Chinese ancient medical books and consulting the relevant laws and regulations. The entire above are about to offer new ideas for the sustainable development, the development of new medicine resources, and the development of animal medicine related preparation product.
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Objective To investigate the effect of auricular acupressure on the stress reaction of conscious patients during emergency rescue in the intensive care unit(ICU).Methods Fifty conscious patients admitted to ICU were randomly divided into experiment group and control group,25 cases in each group.The two groups received conventional interventions,all separated by curtains during the rescue for psychological nursing by full-time nurses.Besides,the experiment group received auricular acupressure. The two groups were compared in terms of heart rates,systolic blood pressure,blood glucose,plasma catecholamines(epinephrine and norepinephrine)and cortisol index.Results All the items of stress reaction at minutes 30 and 60 in the experiment group were significantly lower than those in the control group.The rescue times of 30min,1H in experiment group,the stress index of experiment group at 30 mins and 60 mins were lower than those in the control group,the differences were statistically significant(all P<0?05)Conclusions Auricular acupressure is of good effects on physiological stress reaction in conscious patients during emergency rescue in ICU?
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Objective To investigate the ambulatory changes of the expressions of neuroserpin (NSP) and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) during hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) in primarily cultured rat cortical neurons. Methods Cortical neurons were cultured from SD rats within 24 h after birth, and a H/R model was built. The immunofluorescence double staining and Western blot were used to detect the NSP expression in the cultured neurons. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the expression of tPA. Results After oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) for 1.5 h, the expression of NSP protein was mildly up-regulated, and it reached the peak at 6 h after reoxygenation (P < 0. 05). Then it decreased slowly and basically restored to the level before hypoxia at 24 h after reoxygenation. The cells expressed a small amount of tPA at 1.5 h after OGD (P < 0. 05 ). With the extension of time for reoxygenation, the tPA content increased gradually. OGD was significantly higher at 6 h after reoxygenation than before (P < 0.01 ). Then it decreased gradually, and it basically restored to the level before reoxygenation at 24 h after reoxygenation. Conclusions The expressions of NSP and tPA Were up-regulated significantly during neuron H/R injury, and the ambulatory changes of NSP and tPA were basically the same.