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Objective: To investigate the protective effects of matrine combined with glycyrrhizic acid on chronic liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride, and explore the protective mechanism from the points of energy metabolism and CYP enzyme.Methods: The chronic hepatic injury model of rats was induced by CCl4.The changes of activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum were measured to observe the protective effect of the two drugs and their combination.The contents of glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) in serum and adenine nucleoside three phosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenine monophosphate (AMP) in liver tissue were determined to evaluate the regulation effect on hepatic energy metabolism and mitochondrial function.The levels of CYP1A2, CYP2E1 mRNA and protein in liver tissue were detected by real-time PCR and Western Blot to evaluate the two drugs and their combination on the regulation function of liver CYP enzyme.Results: Matrine (72.8 mg×kg-1)and glycyrrhizic acid(43.4 mg·kg-1)could decrease the serum activities of ALT and ALT in chronic hepatic injury model, and the combination (matrine 36.4 mg·kg-1+glycyrrhizic acid 21.7 mg·kg-1) had the most significant protective effect (P＜0.05).Matrine (72.8 mg·kg-1)and glycyrrhizic acid(43.4 mg·kg-1)could decrease GLDH in serum,and restore the content of ATP in liver (P＜0.05).Matrine (72.8 mg·kg-1) had no effect on the expression of CYP1A2 and CYP2E1mRNA, and glycyrrhizin (43.4 mg·kg-1) could inhibit the expression of CYP1A2, CYP2E1mRNA and protein (P＜0.05).Conclusion: Matrine combined with glycyrrhizin has obvious regulation effect on mitochondrial function and liver protective effect in chronic hepatic injury model.
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Objective:To establish an LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of acetaminophen and its five metabolites in mice plasma,and investigate the metabolism of acetaminophen by using the method.Methods:Para aminobenzoic acid was used as the internal standard.The plasma samples were precipitated by methanol,and then separated on a C18 column with the mobile phase of methanol and 5 mmol·L-1 ammonium acetate buffer solution containing 0.1% formic acid (55∶45).The flow rate was 0.5 ml·min-1,and the column temperature was 25℃.An electrospray ionization source was applied and operated in a positive ion mode using MRM:APAP,-,m/z 152.0→110.0;APAP-cys,-,m/z 271.2→140.1;APAP-glut,-,m/z 457.0→328.0;APAP-NAC,-,m/z 313.4 →208.0;APAP-sulf,-,m/z 232.4→152.1;APAP-gluc,-,m/z 328.2→152.1;IS,-,m/z 138.2→120.0.Results:The method exhibited good linearity over the concentration range of 0.2-10 μg·ml-1for APAP,1.0-20 μg·ml-1 for APAP-gluc,1.0-20 μg·ml-1 for APAP-sulf,1.0-20 μg·ml-1 for APAP-glut,0.4-15 μg·ml-1 for APAP-NAC and 0.2-10 μg·ml-1 for APAP-cys (r≥0.990 0).The inter-day accuracy and precision of acetaminophen and its five metabolites were all below 15%.The average recovery was between 85% and 115%,and RSDs were all below 15%.Conclusion:The LC-MS/MS method is proved to be quick,sensitive and accurate,and suitable for the determination of acetaminophen and its five metabolites in mice plasma.
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Objective:To observe the effect of Er Chen Tang on CYP2E1 and mitochondrial energy metabolism in nonalcoholic fat-ty liver disease ( NAFLD) to explore the role of Pinellinae Rhizoma Praeparata ( PRP) and Citri reticulatae pericarpium ( CRP) in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Methods:Er ChenTang and the prescription without PRP or CRP was respectively given the animal models by gastric gavage. The serum levels of ALT, AST, triglyceride, cholesterol, SOD and MDA in hepatic tissue, and the contents of liver tissue CYP2E1 and ATP were detected in the mice. Results:The CYP2E1 levels in NAFLD mice increased signif-icantly with abnormal mitochondrial energy metabolism. Compared with those in the model group, the levels of ALT, AST, triglyceride and cholesterol were significantly reduced by Er Chen Tang, meanwhile, the content of CYP2E1 was reduced and also restored liver en-ergy metabolism. The treatment effect significantly decreased when the lack of PRP or CRP, and the ability of restoring liver mitochon-drial energy metabolism of Er Chen Tang decreased significantly when the lack of PRP (P<0. 05). After the removal of CRP, the in-hibition ability of Er Chen Tang to CYP2E1 levels significantly decreased (P<0. 05). Conclusion:Er Chen Tang can effectively im-prove nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases, and effectively reduce the content of CYP2E1 in liver tissue of mice and restore the mitochondri-al energy metabolism.
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OBJECTIVE:To prepare Xuangui zhitong dispersible tablets and optimize its formulation technology. METHODS:Using disintegration time as index,single factor test was conducted for filler,disintegrating agent,the types and amount of adhe-sives and compression pressure. The amount of mixed disintegrating agent,avicel and gum arabic were optimized by orthogonal test. The tablet quality by optimized formulation was detected,and disintegration time,the content and dissolution rate of tetrahy-dropalmatine were determined;the similarity of in vitro dissolution rate of dispersible tablets and dropping pills were evaluated by similarity factor test. RESULTS:The optimized formulation was composed of 25% MCC as fillers,9% PVPP and 9% L-HPC as mixed disintegrants,85% ethanol solution as adhesives,micro-silica gel 2%,compression pressure of 3.0 kg/cm2. The average dis-integration time was 1.22 min,and the content of tetrahydropalmatine was 1.097 mg/g. The accumulative dissolution rate was more than 80% at 10 min and more than 90% at 15 min. The similarity factor f2 of dissolution curve was 62,using dropping pills as ref-erence preparation. CONCLUSIONS:Xuangui zhitong dispersible tablet had a rapid disintegration and the behavior of dissolution is similar to Xuangui zhitong dropping pills.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To optimize the extraction process of compund kaliziran gel.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Orthogonal design was used to optimize the extracting process of eight herb medicines with the extract yield, the content of psoralen, isopsoralen and osthole as indexes, and to optimize the extracting process of Polygonum multflorumi and Seman sinapis albae with the extract yield and the content of 2,3,5,4'-tetrehydroxy-stilbene glucoside as indexes.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The optimum extraction progress was as follows:eight herb medicines were extract 2 times for 1 hour with 8 times of 60% alcohol; P. multflorumi and S. sinapis albae were extract 2 times for 1 hour with 8 times of 40% alcohol.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The optimum extraction processes are stable and feasible.</p>