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Alzheimer′s disease (AD) is a neurological disorder of unknown etiology characterized by memory loss and severe intellectual impairment. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) acts on the brains of AD patients in a non-invasive manner by reducing neurotoxic substances, promoting synaptic plasticity, producing long-term after-effects, weakening neuroinflammation, and reducing oxidative stress in brain tissue, among other mechanisms that affect patients′ memory functions. Therefore, tDCS has become an important tool to improve the memory of AD patients. And the effect of this treatment on memory improvement is influenced by factors such as stimulation site, current level, and stimulation duration.
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Objective To investigate the effect of navigation assisted neuroendoscope hard channel technology for treating hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage in basal ganglia region.Methods Eighty-two inpatients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage in basal ganglia region treated in this hospital were selected as the study subjects,among them 37 cases adopted the neuroendoscope hard channel technology and 45 cases adopted the small bone window craniotomy.The operation time,intraoperative bleeding vol-ume,hematoma clearance rate,postoperative complication occurrence rate and NIHSS score at postoperative 3 months were com-pared between the two groups.Results Compared with the bone window group,the operative time in the endoscopic group was lon-ger and the hematoma clearance rate was higher,intracranial rebleeding occurrence rate was lower and the short term prognosis was better(P<0.05).The aspects of intraoperative bleeding volume and other postoperative complications had no statistically signifi-cant difference between the two groups(P> 0.05).Conclusion The navigation assisted neuroendoscope hard channel technology can improve the cure rate in the patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage in basal ganglia region.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the relation of learning and memory with the expression of postsynaptic density 95 (PSD-95) in traumatic brain injury (TBI) rats in Morris water maze.Methods Forty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the TBI group and control group.The TBI group was produced using the impact acceleration injury model.Morris water maze memory paradigm was used to assess the learning and memory function in both groups one week after injury.Protein electro-phoresis was used to observe the expression of PSD-95 1,3,7 d after TBI.ResultsCompared with the control group,the TBI group showed a longer latency in the Morris water maze after one week,significantly longer than the latency in the first three days after TBI.The quantification of PSD-95 in the hippocampus was gradually reduced at one week after TBI ( P ＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionTBI may decrease expression of PSD-95 in the hippocampus of the rats,as may be one of the mechanisms for impairments of learning and memory of rats.
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OBJECTIVE: To summarize the classification, property of skull repair material and the processing of related complications in the application of repairing and remodeling the skull.METHODS: The PubMed database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed) and CNKI Database (www.cnki.net/index.htm) was searched by the first author using key words of "codubix, synmesh, and bone cement" both in English and Chinese. Articles whose content is related to the types, property, biocompatibility and its application effect of skull repairing materials were selected. In the same field, the articles published by authoritative journals or different races were preferred. The repetitive or obsolete literatures were excluded. After that 26 documents were included in this paper.RESULTS: The bone cement exhibited good histocompatibility, however, it is difficult to be absorbed, thus, it only be used for repairing part of skull defects. The study found that titanium had good biocompatibility and could combine with the skull. Its application had a promising prospect, but there are many inadequacies. With the continuous deepening of bio-engineering, bone tissue engineering, and cartilage tissue engineering, it will provide a broader perspective for the study of skull repair materials.CONCLUSION: There are many kinds of materials for skull repairing, and this paper only introduces some of the widely used ones. Actually, the selection of repairing materials should consider the pathogenetic condition, economic condition, local equipment and technical levels. If possible, titanium mesh and titanium screw are preferred, which is characterized by easy operation, few complication and beautiful appearance: When using autogenous bone or bone cements, if related complications can be reduced and handled effectively, the results will be satisfactory.
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Objective To evaluate the distribution and expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor ?(PPAR?) in pituitary ACTH-secreting adenomas of human.Methods Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to identify the distribution and expression of PPAR?.Results PPAR? expressed in pituitary ACTH-secreting adenomas and normal pituitary tissues.PPAR? immunoreactivity was found in nucleoli of pituitary ACTH-secreting adenoma and normal pituitary cells.The expression in pituitary ACTH-secreting adenomas was significantly higher than that in normal pituitary tissues.Conclusion The expression of PPAR? in pituitary ACTH-secreting adenomas significantly increased,so it maybe a potential therapeutic target of pituitary ACTH-secreting adenoma.