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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the reform of the postgraduate training mode of pharmaceutical professional degree. METHODS:Domestic literatures about postgraduate training mode of pharmaceutical professional degree from 2010 to 2013 were searched and combined with the current education situation in China to conclude and summarize the existing problems and reform strategy. RESULTS:Postgraduate education mode of pharmaceutical professional degree in China was still in the explor-atory stage,with shortage of teachers,unreasonable courses,unsound educational structure,nonsupport of the students,imperfec-tion evaluation systems,and so on. Further promoting the reform of postgraduate education mode needs to strengthen teacher teams ’construction,implement cooperative training;improve training program and teaching courses;strengthen dissertation applica-tion-oriented and practice base construction;fully mobilize the enthusiasm and motivation of students;promote the connection of pharmaceutical professional training and vocational qualifications;and improve the quality assurance systems. CONCLUSIONS:Further implementation of postgraduate training mode of pharmaceutical professional degree and postgraduate education of pharma-ceutical professional degree can train the applied talents that meet social needs,improve employment rate of postgraduates and re-duce waste of educational resources.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the clinical data of adult patients with total burn surface area (TBSA) greater than 50% in Guangzhou and explore the optimal fluid resuscitation protocols for these patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 94 adult patients with a TBSA over 50% treated in our center during 1991-2010 were reviewed. and the former decade. Fluid resuscitation volume of various components in shock stage, urine volume, occurrence of visceral complications and mortality rate within 10 days after injury were compared between patients treated in 1991-1999 and those in 2000-2010.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The first 24-h crystalline colloidal fluid ratio, first 24-h infusion volume and the second 24-h crystalloid fluid coefficients were significantly greater in the patients treated in 2000-2010 than in those treated in 1991-1999. The visceral complications and mortality rate were significantly lower in the latter than in the former patients (7.69% vs 27.3% and 2.56% vs 18.18%, respectively, P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>For patients with extensive burns, an individualized fluid resuscitation regimen, an adequately high colloid/crystal rehydration ratio, and a greater total infusion volume according to the local climate of Guangzhou can be beneficial to reduce the incidence of visceral complications and the mortality rate.</p>
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Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Burns , Therapeutics , Fluid Therapy , Methods , Resuscitation , Methods , Retrospective Studies , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
The construction of excellent courses is one important measure of carrying out the teaching quality project in university.To improve the quality of the construction of excellent courses,we must emphasize some basic operation strategies such as practical results,innovation,digital processing and integration.We should adopt workable measures to carry out the teaching quality project in university and strengthen the key position of teaching.
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Objective:To explore the mode,methods,and attentive problems of bilingual teaching of Burn Surgery for Seven-year medical program students.Methods:The bilingual teaching project of Burn Surgery was considered comprehensively from various angles,such as the teaching mode,methodology,teacher training,teaching material selection and teaching management in specialized course.Conclusion:It is very necessary to develop bilingual education for Seven-year program students.The course of bilingual teaching should be student-oriented to improve their integrated ability of English and to assure mastery of professional theory and knowledge.
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Objective:To explore the mode,methods,and attentive problems of the network teaching carried out during the standardized training in residents.Methods:The project of carrying out network teaching during the standardized training in residents was considered comprehensively from various angles,such as teaching mode,teacher training,construction of the network teaching system and resources base,teaching management in specialized course.Conclusion:It is very necessary and helpful to develop network teaching during the standardized training in residents.The course of network teaching should be student-oriented,carried out to improve their self-educated ability and to assure mastery of professional theory and knowledge.
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Objective To study the pathogenetic characteristics of tertiary hyperparathyroidism. Methods The diagnosis and treatment of a male patient with tertiary hyperparathyroidism were reviwed. Results The patient who had had chronic renal failure underwent excision of the adenoma of parathyroid gland 5 year ago.After that,the total parathyroidectomy and autografting were performed because of his recurrent hyperparathyroidism.The patient began hemodialysis therapy 3 years ago and then underwent allogeneic kidney transplantation 2 years ago.Two months after the operation,symptomatic hyperparathyroidism relapsed.The autonomic parathyroid grafts were removed three times (one part of the grafts resected each time) with relapse occurring three times.Later the hyperparathyroidism was cured by itself after the patient was mentally irritated. Conclusions Tertiary hyperparathyroidism may have already developed before kidney transplantation.
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Objective To study the bladder function after internal iliac artery chemotherapy for bladder carcinoma. Methods Internal iliac artery chemotherapy was undertaken for 38 cases of bladder carcinoma comprehensively treated by TURBt,partial cystectomy or paliative TURBt.12 were T 1 carcinoma,14 T 2 and 12 T 3. Results The urinary bladder has been preserved in 33 patients.Of the 12 T 1 carcinoma,repeated recurrence occurred in 4.TURBt was undertaken on each occasion whereas total cystectomy was finally carried out in 2 of them.The bladder has been preserved in 10 of 14 and the 10 are still alive;of 14 T 2 (regional infiltrating carcinoma)patients,1 died of metastasis 2 years after surgery and another complicated by renal failure due to chemotherapy and has been on hemodialysis.The bladder has been preserved in 13 of the 14 and the 13 patients are still alive;of the 12 T 3 patients,8 were high risk patients,2 of them died of the cancer 2～3 years after the operation.Tumors vanished in 3 patients with negative multiple randomized biopsy.Tumors became smaller in 7 and partial cystectomy was performed for 3 of them.Of another 4 with shrunken tumors,hematuria has been controlled,the bladder capacity increased and the general condition of the patients improved.The bladder has been preserved in 10 of the 12.The mean survival time has been 58 months. Conclusions Internal iliac artery chemotherapy is effective and useful for some bladder cancer with the bladder function preserved.
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Objective To study the diagnosis and treatment of ectopic testes. Methods 7 cases of ectopic testes were reviewed and studied. Results 5 cases of ectopic testes were diagnosed and located by physical examination and/or type B ultrasonography before operations whereas the ectopic testes was atrophic in the other two.All the ectopic testes were found successfully during surgical exploration.Orchidopexy was performed for 5 patients,and orchiectomy for the other 2 because of marked atrophy.Postoperative follow up has been 2 months to 8 years.All the patients have normal growth.In the 5 cases with reposited testes no displacement,atrophy or malignant change has been noted. Conclusions The diagnosis of ectopic testes should be mainly depended on physical examination and type B ultrasonography.Surgical exploration should be carried out through the inguinal canal and via the pathway of spermatic cord.