ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Several studies have focused on the association between the lipid-lowering efficacy of statins and the SLCO1B1 c.521T>C polymorphism; however, the results are conflicting. The effects of statins show significant variability between individuals. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effects of the SLCO1B1 c.521T>C polymorphism on the lipid-lowering effects of statins. METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed and Web of Science to screen relevant studies. Meta-analysis was performed to identify the association between SLCO1B1 c.521 polymorphisms and the lipid-lowering effects of statinson the basis of the standard mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Additionally, we checked for heterogeneity (I 2) among studies and evidence of publication bias. We obtained eight studies including 2,012 wild genotype (T/T) and 526 variant genotype (T/C and C/C) cases. RESULTS: No significant difference was observed in the lipid-lowering efficacy of statins between the wildand variant genotypes of SLCO1B1, with a pooled SMD of 0.03 (95% CI: -0.07-0.13). Furthermore, there was no significant effect in the meta-analyses of the variant heterozygote, homozygote, and Chinese populations. Subgroup meta-analysis indicated that the timerequired for the statin to take effectdid notsignificantly affect the association between lipid-lowering efficacy of statins and SLCO1B1 c.521T>C polymorphism. However, thewild genotype improved the lipid-lowering efficacy of simvastatin with a pooled SMD of -0.26 (95% CI: -0.47- -0.05). CONCLUSIONS: No significant association was detected between the lipid-lowering efficacy of statins and the SLCO1B1 c.521T>C polymorphism, with the exception of simvastatin.
Subject(s)
Humans , Alleles , Databases, Factual , Genotype , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Hyperlipidemias/drug therapy , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Liver-Specific Organic Anion Transporter 1/geneticsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Amnion has been widely used in ophthalmology. Numerous studies have suggested that amnion transplantation did not induce acute immunologic rejection. These indicated that amnion transplantation can be used as a safe material for repair of dural defects.OBJECTIVE: To study the probability of freeze-dried amniotic membrane (FDAM) as a dural substitue. METHODS: Each of the guinea pigs underwent bilateral parietal craniectomy behind the coronal suture and beside the midline to expose the dura. On the right side, a piece of dura mater was removed. The dural defect was covered with a piece of FDAM. The exposed dura on the left was cut and sutured itself as control. The animals in each group were sacrificed at 15, 30, 60 and 90 days after operation, respectively. The implants were harvested and stained with hematoxylin-eosin, and histologically analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After operation, the behavior of all guinea pigs remained completely normal. The wound healing was achieved in all cases. No wound infection, subcutaneous effusion or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage occurred. The graft was degraded gradually and covered with a sheet of connective tissue. Dural defects repaired with FDAM showed no adhesions to the brain surface. 15 days after operation, plenty of scattered fibroblasts appeared in the dural substitute. 30 days alter dural graft implantation, parts of the implant disappeared; meanwhile the hyperplasia of fibrous connective tissue took place in the center part of the dural substitute, without the infiltration of inflammatory cells. 60 days after implantation, a majority of the dural graft was degraded, substituted by fibrous connective tissue which was of hyperplasia and low-grade degeneration, surrounded by a small quantity of giant cells. 90 days after operation, colloidal degeneration happened in the dural substitute, surrounded by ossification tissue and the degenerated fibrous connective tissue. The inflammatory cells were not discovered. The animal experiment proves FDAM to be a safe and applicable dural substitute.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: There have been reports at home and abroad about effects of estrogen upon the dopamine amount in substantia nigra in the midbrains while the neuroprotective effects of estrogen are still being studied.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of estrogen on dopaminergic neurons and explore the feasibility of preventing and treating Parkinson disease with estrogen.DESIGN: A randomized controlled study based on the experimental animals.SETTING: General neurosurgery institute in a hospital of a military medical university of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: The trial was conducted in the General Neurosurgery Institute of Xijing Hospital,the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from October 2003 to February 2004 with 50 healthy,first-grade Wistar rats as subjects. INTERVENTIONS: The rats were randomly assigned into 5 groups with 10in each group. Group 1 was normal control,group 2 sham-operation group,and groups 3,4,5 were ovariectomy groups. In group 3,10 μg of estradiol was administered twice a day ineach rat after ovariectomy. Each rat in group 4 was administered with estrogen antagonist,5 μg tamoxifen twice a day as well as estrogen. In group 5,only ovariectomy was performed. After stereotaxic injection of 6-hydroxydopamin into substantia nigra in the midbrains,the TH positive neurons were labeled and counted with immunohistochemic method and the rat's behavior was observed.MIAN OUTCOME MEASURES:①the circles of rat's rotation provoked by apomorphine.②the TH positive neuron count in the middrains of rat's substantia nigra 30 days after ovariectomy.RESULTS: Baseline characteristics among the groups were no difference ( P ＞ 0.05). The result of group 3 was different from that of group 5 ( P＜ 0.05 ). The result of group 4 was also different from that of group 3 and group 5 (P ＜ 0.05) . The TH positive neuron count in the midbrains ingroup 3 also differed from that in other groups( P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Estrogen acts as a neuroprotectant of the nigral dopaminergic neurons in the midbrains not only through estrogen receptor-dependent pathways but probably also through others.