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OBJECTIVE To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of 10 rhubarb anthraquinones in Compound gentian sodium bicarbonate tablets and the content of rhaponticin，which are the characteristic components of artifacts，and to use the method to evaluate the quality of compound preparation containing Rheum officinale. METHODS The ultra-performance liquid chromatography （UPLC） method was adopted to determine the contents of 10 rhubarb anthraquinones （aloe-emodin-8-O-glucoside， rheinic acid-8-O-β-D-glucoside，emodin-8-O-glucoside，chrysophanol-8-O-β-D-glucoside，emodin monomethyl ether-8-O-β-D-glucoside， aloe-emodin，rheinic acid，emodin，chrysophanol，emodin monomethyl ether） and rhaponticin in 40 batches of Compound gentian sodium bicarbonate tablets from 8 manufacturers. The determination was performed on the Agilent Eclipse Plus C18 column with a mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid solution （gradient elution） at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min； the column temperature was set at 30 ℃ ，and the injection volume was 5 μL. Combining principal component analysis and cluster analysis to synthesize the results of content determination，the quality of samples from different manufacturers was evaluated. RESULTS All of above 11 components showed favorable linear relationships with peak areas in their respective mass concentration ranges （r≥0.999 3），with RSDs of precision，repeatability and stability 296261547@qq.com less than 3% （n＝6）； average sample recoveries ranged 96.82%-98.92% （RSD≤1.74%，n＝6）； their contents were 0971-8247794。E-mail：304436784@qq.com 0.011 7-0.252 0，0-0.323 3，0.131 3-1.236 6，0.081 1-1.056 2，0.015 2-0.189 8，0.001 8-0.152 3，0-0.255 2，0.001 9-0.223 4，0.054 3-0.303 0，0.022 7-0.172 2，0-2.835 9 mg/g，respectively. The cumulative variance contribution of the first three principal components was 95.533%； the 40 batches of samples can be clustered into 4 categories：samples from enterprises a and d were in a category of their own，samples from enterprises f，b，g and e were in a category，and samples from enterprises c and h were in a category. There were large differences in the content of rhubarb anthraquinone in the samples from 8 manufacturers，and rhaponticin was only detected in the sample from one enterprise. CONCLUSIONS Established UPLC method is stable and reliable； it can be used for the content determination of 10 rhubarb anthraquinones and rhaponticin in Compound gentian sodium bicarbonate tablets.
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Distal pancreatectomy is the first choice for the treatment of benign, malignant, inflammatory and traumatic lesions in the body and tail of pancreas. In recent decades, abdominal drainage has been a common therapeutic option to reduce postoperative complications in abdominal surgery. However, with the rise of the theory of accelerated rehabilitation surgery, the safety and effectiveness of postoperative abdominal drainage have been controversial, and the placement and management of intraoperative drainage have been questioned. This article reviewed the related literatures at home and abroad, and summarized the controversial issues such as whether to place abdominal drainage tube after distal pancreatectomy, the choice of postoperative drainage mode, and the timing and indication of abdominal drainage tube removal.
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Onodera prognostic nutrition index (OPNI) is a simple and effective parameter. It is calculated by serum albumin level and peripheral blood lymphocyte count. Initially, OPNI is used to assess preoperative nutritional status and surgical risk. In recent years, researchers have found that OPNI is related to the prognosis of many tumors. Simple and accurate prognosis evaluation can help to select treatment methods for digestive system malignant tumors, determine the best pre-operative treatment time and operation time, and improve the survival rate of patients with diges-tive system malignant tumors. The authors review the related literatures at home and abroad, and summarize the research advances in the prognostic value of OPNI for malignant tumors of digestive systems.
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OBJECTIVE： To establish a method for qualitative screening and quantitative determination of indicative composition rhaponiticin from counterfeit Rheum palmatum in Compound gentian and sodium bicarbonate tablets. METHODS： Totally 45 batches of Compound gentian and sodium bicarbonate tablets were collected from 8 domestic pharmaceutical manufacurers （No. A-H） in the field of drug distribution. TLC method was used to identify rhaponiticin in the samples primarily. The content of rhaponiticin was determined by HPLC， and then UPLC-MS/MS method was used to confirm the structure of rhaponiticin. RESULTS： TLC results showed that bright blue fluorescent spots of rhaponiticin could be seen in 10 batches of samples from manufacturer D at 365 nm wavelength of ultraviolet lamp. Results of HPLC methodology investigation showed that the linear range of rhaponiticin was 0.884-88.4 μg/mL（r＝0.999 9）； the detection limit and quantitative limit were 0.707 2， 3.536 ng； RSDs of precision， reproducibility and stability tests were all lower than 1％； average recovery was 96.55％ （RSD＝0.53％，n＝6）. The contents of rhaponiticin in 10 batches of samples from manufacturer D were 0.732 4-2.890 8 mg/g. Results of UPLC-MS/MS method showed that quasimolecular ions with m/z of 419.0 and fragment ions with m/z 257.1 and 241.2 were found in both samples from manufacturer D and rhaponiticin control. CONCLUSIONS： TLC for primary screening， HPLC for content determination and UPLC-MS/MS for structure confirmation is simple， sensitive and reliable， and can be used for qualitative screening and quantitative determination of rhaponiticin in Compound gentian and sodium bicarbonate tablets. Among 45 batches of samples tested， rhaponiticin is detected in 10 batches of samples from one manufacturer， suggesting that the manufacturer substitute fake R. palmatum for genuine ones in the production of Compound gentian sodium bicarbonate tablets.
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Objective:To analyze the levels of arachidonic acid (AA)and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)in the breast milk of lactating mothers in Changchun City of Jilin Province, and to explore their influence factors. Methods:The lactating mother’s basic information was collected with questionnaire, and the breast milk of lactating mothers on postpartum 22-25 d was obtained and the 3-day 24-hour dietary recall method was used to investigate the dietary intake information of 514 healthy lactating mothers.The Food Composition Table of China 2009 was used to calculate the intakes of five kinds of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in diet of lactating mothers and the gold key nutrition expert system software for corresponding nutrient analysis was used to calculate the amount of various kinds of foods in the lactating mothers’daily diet.The levels of AA and DHA in breast milk were determined with gas chromatography and the linear regression was used to analyze the related factors of AA and DHA levels in breast milk.Results:①The average concentration of AA in breast milk of 514 lactating mothers was (0.08±0.04)g·100 g-1,and the average concentration of DHA was (0.05±0.04)g·100 g-1. ②The single factor correlation analysis results showed that the oil intake was both positively correlated with AA and DHA levels in milk of lactating mothers (r= 0.360,r=0.354,P<0.001),while the intakes of linoleic acid (LA), alpha linolenic acid (ALA),eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA),DHA,dairy and meats and seafood in diet were both negatively correlated with AA (r= -0.321,r=-0.280,r=-0.255,r=-0.299,r=-0.196 ,r=-0.306,P<0.05)and DHA (r=-0.315,r=-0.279,r=-0.175,r=-0.189,r=-0.248,r=-0.142,P<0.05).③The linear regression analysis results showed regression equation that dairy intake (β=-0.265)and EPA intake (β=-0.144)were both negatively correlated with the level of AA (P=0.009),and dairy intake was also negatively correlated with the level of DHA (β=-0.233,P<0.001).Conclusion:The AA and DHA levels in breast milk of lactating mothers didn’t increase with the increasing of intake of milk or dairy products in the study.Moreover there is a competitive relationship between n-6 and n-3 series polyunsaturated fatty acids in the process of metabolism.
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Objective To observe the inhibitory effect of pyridoxine hydrochloride (PN) combined with common chemotherapeutics on mice hepatoma cells H22 in vitro. Methods MTT assay was used to determine the effects of PN in combination with 10 different antineoplastic agents on H22 cells, and immuno-histochemistry was used to observe the distribution of PN in H22 cells and morphologic changes of the cells before and after PN treatment. Results After 24 hours incubation with 5 mmol/L PN, the treated cells expanded apparently with nucleus chipping. PN entered the tumor cell and was mainly condensed in cytoplasma and H22 cells were sensitive to PN. When administered concomitantly with chemotherapic agents, most of the combinations showed antagonistic effects while a few of the combinations were additive. For instance, doxorubicin (ADM) used in combination with PN inhibited cell proliferation with an IR value (IR=0.63) much lower than ADM alone (IR=0.71, P0.9), and the IR value (IR=0.60) in combined group was higher than that (IR=0.40) in ICTX group (P<0.05). Conclusion PN treatment could increase the intracellular PLP level and result in growth inhibition and cell death, and combined administration of PN and ICTX might be a potential method to improve efficacy and to reduce toxic effects while a co-administration of PN and ADM should be avoided.
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Aim To explore the changes of Apelin/APJ system in LPS-induced injury of rat pulmonary mi-crovascular endothelial cells( PMVECs) , and the effect and mechanism of Apelin. Methods PMVECs were cultured with the explant technique, and the identifica-tion of rat PMVECs was carried out by immunocyto-chemical staining of factorⅧrelated antigen. MTT as-say was used to evaluate the viability of PMVECs. The mRNA expression of Apelin and APJ was detected by RT-PCR. The protein expression of PCNA and the phosphorylation of Akt was analyzed by Western blot. Results The mRNA expression of Apelin and APJ showed a compensatory increase after LPS treatment for a short period of time ( P<0. 01 ) , but with the exten-sion of time, which was significantly inhibited, even lower than the control group ( P<0. 05 or P<0. 01 ) , suggesting that Apelin/ APJ system might be involved in LPS-induced PMVECs injury. MTT results showed that 10 -6 ~10 -9 mol · L-1 Apelin obviously promoted the proliferation of rat PMVECs ( P <0. 05 or P <0. 01 ) , and with certain concentration and time de-pendence. Moreover, Apelin also improved the LPS-induced PMVECs injury in different degrees ( P<0. 05 or P < 0. 01 ) . In addition, Western blot analysis showed that Apelin significantly reversed the decrease of the protein expression of PCNA and the Akt phos-phorylation level induced by LPS ( P <0. 05 or P <0. 01 ) . Conclusions The Apelin/APJ system is in-volved in LPS-induced PMVECs injury. Apelin plays an important role in protecting the pulmonary microvas-cular endothelial function and reversing the LPS-in-duced PMVECs injury, which might be related to the activation of Akt phosphorylation pathway.
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Objective To investigate the association between rs2281951 and rs3798753 in ELOVL fatty acid elongase2 (ELOVL2 gene)and the docosahexenoic acid (DHA)level in breast milk,and to clarify the influence of the polymorphisms of ELOVL2 gene in the DHA level of breast milk.Methods 209 healthy maternals were selected and signed the consent form and completed the 3-day 24-hour dietary recall questionaire on one day during the 22nd-the 25th day after partum,and 20 mL breast milk was collected.The DHA level in breast milk was detected with gas chromatography.The milk DNA was extracted and two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ELOVL2 gene were detected by Sequenom Mass Array System. UNPHASED 3.012 genetics software was adopted to analyze the quantitative trait of haplotype and the DHA level in breast milk.Results The distribution of genotypic frequencies of rs2281591 and rs3798713 sites in ELOVL2 gene was consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.05).The dietary fatty acid intakes and the milk DHA levels of maternals carrying different genotypes had no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05 ). The DHA levels in breast milk of maternals carring different rs3798713 (CG)-rs2281591 (AG)haplotypes had no statistically significant difference (χ2 =3.422,df =5,P =0.635).Conclusion Rs3798713 and rs2281951 and constructed haplotypes in ELOVL2 gene are not related to the DHA levels in breast milk.
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This paper is to report the exploration of the activation of Rho/ROCK signal pathway in 5-HT-induced proliferation of rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and the inhibitory effect of m-Nis on this pathway. PASMCs were cultured with the explant technique. MTT assay was used to explore the proliferation of PASMCs after 5-HT treated for different time and the intervening effect of m-Nis. RT-PCR and Western blot were used respectively to explore the mRNA expression of RhoA, ROCK1 and the protein expression of p-MYPT1 in 5-HT-treated PASMCs and intervening effect of m-Nis. The results of MTT assay suggested that 5-HT (1 µmol · L(-1)) treatment for 12-72 h significantly induced the proliferation of rat PASMCs (P<0.05 or P < 0.01), which were inhibited by m-Nis (1 x 10(-5), 1 x 10(-6), l x 10(-7), 1 x10(-8) mol · L(-1)) in dose-dependent manners (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Similarly, the mRNA expression of RhoA, ROCK1 and the protein expression of p-MYPT1 were also inhibited by m-Nis in different degrees (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Thus, the results of this study suggested that Rho/ROCK pathway played an important role in 5-HT-induced proliferation of rat PASMCs, m-Nis inhibited 5-HT-induced proliferation obviously, which may be related to the blockage of Rho/ROCK signal pathway.
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Objective To explore a new type community nursing mode which can improve the life quality of community elderly population with depression tendency.Methods In the chosen community of Jilin City,we used Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) to identify the elderly population with depression tendency.78 elderly people with depression tendency who met the conditions of study were assigned to the intervention group and the control group with 39 people in each group randomly.8-week group-intervention was given to the intervention group,and no intervention was given to the control group.For the intervention group,the total intervention time was 8 weeks,once a week for continuous 8 times together and intervention time was 90 minutes for each time.The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and the world health organization quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) were used to measure the quality of life of the two groups.Results After intervention,the total scores of the intervention group were significantly lower than those of the control group,the difference was statistically significant.Average scores of each dimension in the life quality of the intervention group were obviously higher than those of the control group.Conclusions Group intervention mode for the community elderly population with depression tendency was feasible,effective,and reasonable.It can be applied to mental health care of community elderly people,and can also provides basis for early discovery and early intervention of the community elderly people with depression.
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This study is to explore the activation of the Ca2+/CaM/CaN signal pathway in 5-HT-induced proliferation of rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and the inhibitory effect of m-nisoldipine (m-Nis) on this pathway. PASMCs were cultured with the explant technique. The proliferation of PASMCs was evaluated by MTT assay. Confocal microscopy was used to measure the change of [Ca2+]i. The mRNA expression of CaM and CaN was evaluated by RT-PCR and the activity of CaN was measured according to the instruction of kits. The results of MTT assay suggested that 5-HT (1 ?mol?L-1) significantly induced the proliferation of rat PASMCs (P
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This study is to explore the activation of the Ca2+/CaM/CaN signal pathway in 5-HT-induced proliferation of rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and the inhibitory effect of m-nisoldipine (m-Nis) on this pathway. PASMCs were cultured with the explant technique. The proliferation of PASMCs was evaluated by MTT assay. Confocal microscopy was used to measure the change of [Ca2+]i. The mRNA expression of CaM and CaN was evaluated by RT-PCR and the activity of CaN was measured according to the instruction of kits. The results of MTT assay suggested that 5-HT (1 micromol x L(-1)) significantly induced the proliferation of rat PASMCs (P < 0.01), which was inhibited obviously by m-Nis (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Similarly, m-Nis inhibited 5-HT-induced elevation of [Ca2+]i (P < 0.01). The mRNA expression of CaM, CaN and the activation of CaN were also inhibited by m-Nis at different degrees (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Thus, the results of this study suggested that Ca2+/CaM/CaN signal pathway played an important role in 5-HT-induced proliferation of rat PASMCs, the inhibition of m-Nis on proliferation of rat PASMCs may be related to the blockage of Ca2+/CaM/CaN signal pathway by inhibiting the elevation of [Ca2+]i.
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Aim To explore the effect of m-Nisoldipine(m-Nis) on 5-HT-induced proliferation,migration of rat PASMCs and to study the mechanisms.Methods PASMCs were cultured with the explant technique,and were divided into 6 groups:control group,5-HT(1 μmol·L~(-1)) group and m-Nis(10~(-5),10~(-6),10~(-7),10~(-8) mol·L~(-1))group.MTT assay was used to evaluate the proliferation of PASMCs,and transwell chambers were used to detect the migration of PASMCs.In addition,the expression of PCNA and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 were evaluated by Western blot analysis.Results m-Nis inhibited the proliferation(P<0.05 or P<0.01)and migration(P<0.01)of rat PASMCs induced by 5-HT obviously.Similarly,Western blot analysis of PCNA indicated that the expression of PCNA was significantly higher in 5-HT group than that in control group(P<0.01).Whereas,in four m-Nis treated groups,the level of PCNA was markedly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Meanwhile,m-Nis 10~(-5),10~(-6) and 10~(-7) mol·L~(-1) pretreatment also reduced 5-HT-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 obviously(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion m-Nis inhibits 5-HT-induced proliferation and migration of rat PASMCs obviously,which may be related to the inhibition of PCNA expression and the blockage of ERK1/2/MAPK signal pathway.
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Effect of new calcium antagonist m-nisoldipine (m-Nis) on MCT-induced PH in rats and its mechanisms were investigated. Rats were injected with a single doxe(60mg·kg-1)of MCT subcutaneously to induce PH. Pulmonary haemedynamic measurement and lung tissue morphological investigations were undertaken. The MDA production and SOD activity in the serum were tested. PCNA,ERK1 and p-ERK expressions were analyzed by Western blotting. The expressions of 5-HT and PCNA were observed with immunohistochemistry. Results suggested that the PAP, right ventricular index and the degree of muscularization of small pulmonary artery were elevated markedly in MCT group, which was attenuated by m-Nis treatment. A significant reduction in MDA production and an increase in the SOD activity in the serum were also observed in all three m-Nis groups. The number of PCNA and 5-HT positive smooth muscle cells increased significantly in MCT group, and m-Nis treatment attenuated the expression obviously. Western blotting results suggested that the protein expression of PCNA and the ratio of p-ERK/ERK1 increased markedly in MCT group and decreased by m-Nis. In conclusion, m-Nis protected against MCT-induced PH by decreasing PAP, right ventricular index, PAMSCs proliferation and pulmonary artery remodelling, which may be related to the reduction of 5-HT and the suppression of the ERK/MAPK signal pathway.
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Objective To study the inhibitory effect of valdecoxib on Lewis tumor and the potential relationship with cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2).Methods HE staining was used to observe lymphocyte infiltration in tumor tissue and the cell structure of the stomach and colon.Western blotting was used to detect the expression of COX-2 in tumor tissue.PGE_2 ELISA kit was used to detect the content of PGE_2 in tumor tissue.Results ① Valdecoxib inhibited the growth of the tumor,and the survival rate was increased.②There was lymphocyte infiltration in treatment group and the content of PGE_2 was decreased.③Valdecoxib did not affect cell structure of stomach and colon,bleeding and clotting time.Conclusion Valdecoxib inhibits the growth of the Lewis tumor and enhances the survival rate.The effect of valdecoxib is related to the inhibition of COX-2.
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Aim To evaluate the effect and the mechanism of valdecoxib on Lewis cancer. Methods Western blot was used to detect the expression of VEGF, MMP-2, Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 in tumor tissue. Flow cytometry was used to observe the effect of valdecoxib on proliferation, apoptosis and the cell cycle distribution. MTT assay was used to observe the lymphocyte transformation rate. Results ① Valdecoxib inhibited the growth of the tumor and increased the survival rate. ② 10~40 mg?kg -1?d -1 Valdecoxib increased the apoptosis rate from 19.1% in control group to 23.1%~29.1%, and did not affect the distribution of cell cycle. ③ The expression level of Bcl-2 was decreased and expression levels of Bax, COX-2, MMP-2, Caspase-3 and VEGF were not affected. ④ Valdecoxib did not affect the weight, the lymphocyte transformation rate, spleen index, and thyrus index of the mice. Conclusion The inhibitory effect of valdecoxib on Lewis tumor is associated with apoptosis.
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Aim To study the protective effects of dipfluzine against the whole cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury and its mechanisms.Methods Four-vessel occlusion method was used to make the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model.In early period of reperfusion,several including LDH,MDA,SOD and brain water content were tested.And in the late period of reperfusion,the delayed neuronal death and amnesia induced by reperfusion were studied.Results The contents of brain water and MDA were increased,and the activities of SOD and LDH were decreased after ischemia and reperfusion injury.The hippocampal structure and memory of rats were also destroyed in the delayed neuronal death.Dip reversed the changes obviously.It had antagonistic effect on brain edema and lipid oxidation,it also protected the neurons of hippocampal CA1 regions from ischemia injury.Conclusion Dip had protective effects on the early stage of reperfusion injury,and delayed neuronal death after the whole cerebral ischemia and reperfusion,which were possibly due to the antagonistic effect on lipid peroxidation.
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In the paper, 32 lots of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)were tested by an animal model,the hypotensive test of rats. A linear correlation was found between prekallikrein activator (PKA)activity and hypotensive reaction if the inflow of human IVIG was made rapid (r=0.96,n=23). The preliminary observations indicated that it would be satisfactory that the PKA activity was below 35IU/ ml and the size of reduction in blood pressure was not 15% higher than that of control animal's level.The rat model can provide a method for safe usage of the intravenous immunoglobulin and reliable detection of and control over the residual PKA activity in blood products.
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Objective To determine the cellular localization and expression pattern of AR and FSHR in adult rat testis must be helpful to understand the action site and mechanisms that T and FSH regulate spermatogenesis. Methods We applied in situ Hybridization to detect the expression of AR and FSHR on adult testis, in which Dig labeled cRNA probe was used to carry out the experiment on frozen sections; at the same time, following the technique of transillumination assisted microdissection we separated seminiferous epithelium into four stages(Ⅱ Ⅵ,Ⅶ Ⅷ,Ⅸ Ⅻ and ⅩⅢ Ⅰ), extracted total RNA and carried out dot hybridization, using ? 32 P labeled cDNA probe, in order to test qualitatively and quantitatively the location of AR and FSHR mRNA and their expression pattern in adult rat testis. Results Our results showed that the positive signal of AR mRNA was located in Sertoli cells and Leydig cells. The signal in Sertoli cells began to appear in Ⅱ Ⅵ stages, strongest in Ⅶ Ⅷ stages and weakest in Ⅸ Ⅰ stages ( P